作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (05): 774-782.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00774
安俊朋1(), 李从锋2, 齐华1,*(), 隋鹏祥1, 张文可1, 田平1, 有德宝1, 梅楠1, 邢静1
Jun-Peng AN1(), Cong-Feng LI2, Hua QI1,*(), Peng-Xiang SUI1, Wen-Ke ZHANG1, Ping TIAN1, De-Bao YOU1, Nan MEI1, Jing XING1
摘要:
为探讨秸秆条带还田对东北春玉米产量的影响, 及其与土壤水氮及根系空间分布的关系, 2015年和2016年在辽宁铁岭开展田间试验, 设置垄间旋耕+秸秆还田(RR+S)、垄间旋耕(RR)、隔行垄间旋耕+秸秆还田(IR+S)和隔行垄间旋耕(IR) 4种处理方式。结果表明, 与不还田处理相比, RR+S和IR+S分别增产6.7%和8.2%, 其穗粒数、收获指数均显著增加, 但千粒重差异不显著; RR+S和IR+S处理较RR和IR处理, 30~60 cm土层土壤水分含量提高7.8%和6.1%, 0~30 cm土层土壤全氮含量平均增加6.9%和4.5%。秸秆还田处理较秸秆不还田处理玉米根长密度增加29.4%和22.7%, 其中30~60 cm土层达到显著水平, 根冠比降低21.0%和32.3%, 水分利用效率提高7.8%和7.0%。垄间与隔行垄间处理间水氮空间分布存在明显差异, 垄间处理(RR+S和RR)的土壤水、氮在空间上呈“植株中心两侧含量对称分布”状态, 而隔行垄间处理(IR+S和IR)则呈“植株中心两侧含量不对称分布”状态。说明秸秆条带还田(RR+S和IR+S)通过优化耕层土壤结构及土壤水氮分布, 显著提高了水分利用效率和籽粒产量, 但水氮空间分布对产量未产生直接影响。此外, 干旱年份(2015年)秸秆条带还田的增产效果更为显著, 为东北春玉米高产高效和秸秆综合利用提供有益的借鉴。
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