作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (12): 2481-2489.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.01090
所属专题: 玉米:耕作栽培·生理生化
张金丹(
), 范虹, 杜进勇, 殷文, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 柴强*(
)
ZHANG Jin-Dan(
), FAN Hong, DU Jin-Yong, YIN Wen, FAN Zhi-Long, HU Fa-Long, CHAI Qiang*(
)
摘要:
增密是间作高产的主要措施, 研究间作组分密度变化对其种间关系、产量的影响, 对于夯实间作理论与技术意义重大。2018—2019年, 在河西绿洲灌区开展田间试验, 设单作玉米、单作小麦、小麦/玉米3种种植模式, 4.5万株 hm-2(传统)、6.0万株 hm-2(中)、7.5万株 hm-2(高) 3种玉米密度, 284万粒 hm-2(传统)、341万粒 hm-2(高)两种小麦密度, 研究了小麦玉米同步增密对间作种间关系及产量的影响。结果表明, 间作小麦、玉米密度同步增大强化了共生期小麦相对于玉米的竞争力(Awm), 小麦高密度间作与传统密度间作相比, Awm提高了10.9%~20.1%; 玉米高、中密度间作与传统玉米密度间作相比, 其Awm分别提高了25.3%~32.0%、15.8%~17.3%; 小麦、玉米高密度间作与传统密度间作相比, Awm提高了35.5%~56.5%。间作小麦、玉米密度同步提高可增大麦后间作玉米的恢复效应(Rm), 小麦高密度间作较传统密度间作的Rm提高了14.6%~17.1%; 玉米高、中密度间作与传统密度间作相比, Rm分别提高了27.4%~48.5%、10.3%~30.5%; 小麦高密/玉米高密度较小麦/玉米传统密度处理Rm提高了43.7%~65.5%。增密有利于提高间作优势, 小麦高密/玉米高密度较小麦/玉米传统密度处理土地当量比高8.3%~10.8%。两作物同步增密可进一步提高间作增产优势, 小麦高密度间作较传统密度间作增产3.6%~5.1%, 玉米高、中密度间作较传统密度间作增产14.1%~19.3%、7.3%~15.2%, 小麦高密/玉米高密度较小麦/玉米传统密度处理增产19.0%~24.0%。间作小麦对玉米的竞争力及麦后玉米的恢复效应与间作籽粒产量均呈正相关。小麦玉米同步增密可优化间作种间关系、提高产量, 小麦播种量341万粒 hm-2和玉米7.5万株 hm-2是绿洲灌区小麦间作玉米高产的适宜密度。
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