作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 507-519.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.03024
朱亚利1, 王晨光2, 杨梅1, 郑学慧1, 赵成凤1, 张仁和1,*()
ZHU Ya-Li1, WANG Chen-Guang2, YANG Mei1, ZHENG Xue-Hui1, ZHAO Cheng-Feng1, ZHANG Ren-He1,*()
摘要:
研究密度对不同熟期玉米品种不同粒位的籽粒灌浆和脱水特性的调控效应, 为陕北灌区春玉米密植高产机械粒收技术提供依据。于2018—2019年以中熟品种先玉335 (Xianyu 335)和晚熟品种东单60 (Dongdan 60)为材料, 设置45,000 (D1)、60,000 (D2)、75,000 (D3)、90,000 (D4)株 hm-2四个种植密度, 分析其不同粒位籽粒灌浆、脱水特性及其与气候因子的相关性。结果表明, 密度的增加能显著提高不同熟期品种玉米籽粒产量, 其中2018年2个品种均在D4处理下达到最高产量; 2019年先玉335和东单60分别在D4和D3处理下达到最高产量, 2年平均最高产量分别为18,739 kg hm-2和17,111 kg hm-2, 较D1处理产量分别提高了32.2%和27.7%。随着种植密度的增加, 不同粒位的籽粒灌浆速率降低, 粒重减小, 脱水速率加快。在D4种植密度下, 先玉335下部和上部籽粒平均灌浆速率较东单60分别高0.08 g d-1和0.04 g d-1, 粒重较东单60分别高3.6 g和1.6 g。生理成熟时不同粒位的籽粒含水率与吐丝到生理成熟间有效积温呈显著正相关, 总脱水速率与灌浆速率相关性不显著。先玉335不同粒位的籽粒脱水速率快, 且下部和上部籽粒平均脱水速率较东单60高0.006和0.005% ℃ d-1。与下部籽粒比, 上部籽粒灌浆速率低、灌浆期长、粒重小、后期脱水快、含水率达到28%和25%所需积温少。可见, 2个品种籽粒灌浆和脱水特性对增密的响应其上部籽粒更敏感; 与东单60相比, 先玉335密植下籽粒灌浆速率高, 粒重大, 且后期脱水速率快。因此, 选择中熟品种结合适宜增密能够实现陕北灌区玉米密植高产机械粒收生产。
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