聚天门冬氨酸和壳聚糖复配剂对东北春谷光合生产特征及产量的调控效应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14224

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究聚天门冬氨酸和壳聚糖复配剂(polyaspartic acid-chitosan, PAC)对东北春谷光合生产特征及产量的调控效应, 2020—2021年在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所公主岭试验站开展大田试验, 以张杂谷13号(Zhangzagu 13, Z13)和华优谷9号(Huayougu 9, H9)为材料, 设置常规氮素(CN)和PAC配合氮素(PN)的不同施氮量(0、75、112.5、150、225和337.5 kg hm^-2)全基施处理。结果表明, 随氮素用量增加, 两品种谷子旗叶净光合速率、SPAD值、可溶性蛋白含量以及净同化速率、光合势、群体生长率等群体指标均呈先升高后降低趋势。同一氮素用量下, PN处理可提高谷子花后旗叶SPAD值及可溶性蛋白含量, 提高花期及灌浆中期旗叶净光合速率, 同时提高谷子净同化速率、光合势和群体生长率, 促进群体光合产物积累, 且上述各项指标在中、低氮水平(75、112.5及150 kg hm^-2)下提高效果更为显著。PN处理后, Z13在2020年和2021年的增产幅度分别为11.24%~21.55%和8.65%~14.22%, H9两年的增产幅度分别为5.53%~15.75%和10.43%~16.17%。相关性分析表明, 谷子产量与净同化速率、光合势、群体生长率及净光合速率均呈显著或极显著正相关。综上, PAC配合氮肥全基施能提高东北春谷光合生产能力和产量, 可作为我国谷子生产中重要的增产增效技术措施。

关键词: 谷子, 聚天门冬氨酸和壳聚糖复配剂, 光合特性, 产量, 全基施

Abstract:

To investigate the regulation effect of polyaspartic acid-chitosan (PAC) on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of spring foxtail millet, this experiment was conducted using foxtail millet varieties of Zhangzagu 13 (Z13) and Huayougu 9 (H9) in Gongzhuling Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (43º29'55"N, 124º48'43"E) in 2020 and 2021. Conventional fertilization (CN) and PAC with fertilization (PN) treatments were set under six nitrogen fertilizer application levels of 0, 75, 112.5, 150, 225, and 337.5 kg hm^-2. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate, SPAD value and soluble protein content of flag leaf, net assimilation rate, leaf area duration, and crop growth rate of foxtail millet of two varieties increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application. PN could increase SPAD value and soluble protein content of flag leaf at post anthesis stage and photosynthetic rate of flag leaf at anthesis and mid-filling stage under the same nitrogen application level. Meanwhile, the net assimilation rate, leaf area duration, and crop growth rate of foxtail millet were also increased, which promoting the accumulation of population photosynthate. The increase effect of the items above was more significant under the low-middle nitrogen application levels of 75, 112.5, and 150 kg hm^-2. Compared with CN, the yield of Z13 increased by 11.24%-21.55% and 8.65%-14.22% in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The yield of H9 increased by 5.53%-15.75% and 10.43%-16.17% in 2020 and 2021, respectively, compared with CN. Correlation analysis indicated that the yield was significantly positively correlated with net assimilation rate, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, and photosynthetic rate. In conclusion, PAC combined with nitrogen fertilizer could increase the ability to photosynthesize and grain yield under the background of one-time basic fertilizer application, which could be an important technique for achieving high grain yield and efficiency in foxtail millet production in China.

Key words: foxtail millet, polyaspartic acid-chitosan, photosynthesis characteristics, yield, one-time basic fertilizer application

王琦, 许艳丽, 闫鹏, 董好胜, 张薇, 卢霖, 董志强. 聚天门冬氨酸和壳聚糖复配剂对东北春谷光合生产特征及产量的调控效应[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(11): 2840-2852.

WANG Qi, XU Yan-Li, YAN Peng, DONG Hao-Sheng, ZHANG Wei, LU Lin, DONG Zhi-Qiang. Effects of polyaspartic acid-chitosan on photosynthesis characteristics and yield in spring foxtail millet[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(11): 2840-2852.

图/表 10

图1

表1

表2

不同施氮量下CN与PN处理对两品种谷子产量及产量构成因素的影响"

年份 Year	品种 Variety	施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	处理 Treatment	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	穗数 ×10⁴ ears hm^-2	穗粒数 Kernels per ear	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)
2020	Z13	N0	CN	3.01±0.01 a	54.04±7.64 d	2958.92±197.08 e	3961.28±666.41 e
			PN	3.20±0.02 a	49.73±11.39 d	3120.26±717.45 e	4492.38±47.10 e
		N1	CN	3.10±0.07 a	74.68±1.41 bcd	3336.44±64.81 de	5210.65±269.69 d
			PN	3.16±0.01 a	82.64±6.94 abc	4469.97±169.58 bc	5833.84±115.27 cd
		N2	CN	3.10±0.01 a	72.20±4.62 bcd	3219.22±139.57 de	5086.68±154.24 d
			PN	3.19±0.05 a	82.53±1.30 abc	4348.85±324.25 bc	6084.11±181.29 c
		N3	CN	3.11±0.04 a	88.94±0.05 ab	3808.47±97.49 cd	5704.99±228.11 cd
			PN	3.05±0.09 a	101.18±9.35 a	4149.58±300.65 bc	6346.00±251.15 bc
		N4	CN	3.08±0.05 a	82.30±1.93 abc	4352.51±289.94 bc	6221.06±45.78 bc
			PN	3.03±0.03 a	79.75±12.27 abc	4764.54±276.44 ab	7218.13±170.15 a
		N5	CN	3.04±0.06 a	61.31±2.88 cd	5171.64±121.91 a	5643.82±205.85 cd
			PN	3.14±0.02 a	82.43±14.50 abc	5337.16±278.97 a	6859.80±54.30 ab
	H9	N0	CN	2.77±0.06 a	42.90±2.77 c	3259.58±294.10 f	2841.87±266.10 e
			PN	2.87±0.04 a	44.07±1.39 c	3179.86±397.05 f	2665.03±576.40 e
		N1	CN	2.96±0.04 a	48.45±5.47 bc	3762.92±276.60 ef	4819.18±162.46 cd
			PN	2.77±0.17 a	47.30±1.45 bc	5627.07±483.28 abc	5102.19±41.82 bcd
		N2	CN	2.90±0.06 a	48.88±0.57 bc	3704.04±110.08 ef	4708.26±40.61 d
			PN	2.71±0.16 a	54.23±5.33 ab	5970.81±488.05 ab	5449.61±182.03 ab
		N3	CN	2.84±0.03 a	54.30±0.03 ab	4260.95±488.52 def	5191.22±319.75 bcd
			PN	2.93±0.03 a	61.75±0.00 a	4655.47±346.73 cde	5807.44±189.45 a
		N4	CN	2.87±0.05 a	49.42±0.35 bc	4304.03±28.78 def	5322.38±16.18 abc
			PN	2.71±0.05 a	48.76±1.11 bc	4989.91±134.54 bcd	5573.23±114.46 ab
		N5	CN	2.89±0.07 a	44.44±1.54 c	5634.94±224.43abc	5358.65±90.55 abc
			PN	2.82±0.06 a	47.29±1.36 bc	6178.41±152.83 a	5654.90±225.72 ab
2021	Z13	N0	CN	2.99±0.01 a	30.61±1.57 c	2795.47±25.62 f	4401.94±86.96 g
			PN	2.98±0.01 a	33.04±3.44 c	2804.69±30.94 f	4703.18±43.57 g
年份 Year	品种 Variety	施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	处理 Treatment	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	穗数 ×10⁴ ears hm^-2	穗粒数 Kernels per ear	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)
		N1	CN	2.98±0.01 a	53.96±3.92 b	3278.62±5.73 e	6058.60±144.94 f
			PN	2.76±0.00 d	61.47±1.48 ab	3806.51±18.85 d	6920.37±115.53 e
		N2	CN	2.84±0.02 bcd	54.09±0.17 b	3968.71±135.66 cd	6909.46±128.48 e
			PN	2.88±0.02 b	62.08±0.24 ab	4522.32±105.31 b	7528.52±220.42 cd
		N3	CN	2.80±0.05 cd	53.93±0.94 b	4405.35±315.60 bc	7431.84±166.51 cde
			PN	2.92±0.01ab	67.86±7.28 a	5082.53±216.23 a	8331.60±174.92 a
		N4	CN	2.79±0.03 cd	60.30±2.92 ab	3861.02±123.59 d	7554.17±154.64 cd
			PN	2.84±0.02 bcd	67.82±1.00 a	4373.39±92.35 bc	8207.58±116.12 ab
		N5	CN	2.84±0.05 bc	54.36±1.99 b	4448.14±100.82 b	7014.04±189.48 de
			PN	2.88±0.03 bc	53.83±2.00 b	4804.27±215.53 ab	7728.81±387.39 bc
	H9	N0	CN	2.78±0.04 a	31.55±3.44 e	2715.21±69.13 f	3394.46±321.84 e
			PN	2.77±0.05 ab	33.33±1.11 cde	2737.97±72.11 f	3451.73±92.78 e
		N1	CN	2.65±0.01 bc	43.06±1.81 ab	3253.50±14.89 e	4435.98±47.33 d
			PN	2.65±0.03 bc	47.33±3.67 a	3924.53±69.32 d	4900.02±42.41 bc
		N2	CN	2.72±0.04 abc	43.26±2.42 ab	3228.59±43.95 e	4582.70±157.50 cd
			PN	2.68±0.06 abc	46.69±3.12 a	3836.65±46.26 d	5323.72±45.71 b
		N3	CN	2.69±0.04 abc	41.50±1.97 abc	3701.82±56.01 d	5204.25±17.00 b
			PN	2.74±0.01 ab	44.32±0.50 ab	4406.01±109.46 c	5878.46±78.52 a
		N4	CN	2.67±0.00 abc	37.52±1.96 bcde	3848.09±126.56 d	4728.62±80.51 cd
			PN	2.72±0.03 abc	40.64±1.25 abcd	4575.28±86.38 c	5221.79±154.69 b
		N5	CN	2.62±0.05 c	32.37±2.72 de	5946.01±128.77 a	4590.14±171.44 d
			PN	2.72±0.03 abc	33.32±4.88 cde	5452.32±240.20 b	5244.53±216.27 b

表2

表3

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表4

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处理 Treatment	基施氮肥用量 Basic application amount of nitrogen (kg hm^-2)	处理 Treatment	基施氮肥用量 Basic application amount of nitrogen (kg hm^-2)	PASP含量 PASP content (‰)	CTS含量 CTS content (‰)
CN0	0	PN0	0	3	0.45
CN1	75.0	PN1	75.0	3	0.45
CN2	112.5	PN2	112.5	3	0.45
CN3	150.0	PN3	150.0	3	0.45
CN4	225.0	PN4	225.0	3	0.45
CN5	337.5	PN5	337.5	3	0.45

品种 Variety	施氮水平Nitrogen application level	处理Treatment	花期 Anthesis stage (μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)	增幅 Growth rate (%)	灌浆中期 Mid-filling stage (μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)	增幅 Growth rate (%)
Z13	N0	CN	21.57±0.82 e		14.83±0.19 g
		PN	21.80±0.72 e	1.07	15.10±0.32 g	1.82
	N1	CN	24.80±0.60 d		17.17±0.34 f
		PN	28.17±0.80 b	13.58	18.87±0.52 de	9.90
	N2	CN	25.77±0.35 cd		17.80±0.35 ef
		PN	30.47±0.63 a	18.24	19.17±0.43 cd	7.68
	N3	CN	27.00±0.32 bc		19.53±0.03 bcd
		PN	31.03±0.49 a	14.94	20.97±0.33 a	7.34
	N4	CN	26.50±0.06 bc		18.53±0.66 de
		PN	27.27±0.09 bc	2.89	20.33±0.55 abc	9.71
	N5	CN	26.70±0.40 bc		18.90±0.15 de
		PN	31.07±0.52 a	16.35	20.57±0.32 ab	8.82
H9	N0	CN	18.83±0.67 e		14.53±0.15 g
		PN	19.13±0.42 e	1.59	14.63±0.24 g	0.69
	N1	CN	20.37±0.39 de		15.13±0.30 fg
		PN	25.00±0.49 a	22.75	17.73±0.27 bc	17.18
	N2	CN	21.60±0.17 cd		15.67±0.23 f
		PN	25.37±0.22 a	17.44	18.67±0.23 ab	19.15
	N3	CN	22.33±0.47 bc		17.63±0.45 cd
		PN	25.80±1.09 a	15.52	19.17±0.27 a	8.70
	N4	CN	20.20±0.55 de		16.93±0.22 de
		PN	23.40±0.40 b	15.84	18.30±0.25 bc	8.07
	N5	CN	20.43±0.13 de		16.67±0.37 e
		PN	22.90±0.38 bc	12.07	18.33±0.09 bc	10.00

指标 Item	产量 Yield	净光合速率 Photosynthetic rate	净同化速率 Net assimilation rate	光合势 Leaf area duration	群体生长率 Crop growth rate	SPAD值 SPAD value	可溶性蛋白含量 Soluble protein content
产量 Yield	1.00
净光合速率 Photosynthetic rate	0.94^**	1.00
净同化速率 Net assimilation rate	0.59^**	0.53^**	1.00
光合势 Leaf area duration	0.77^**	0.78^**	0.08	1.00
群体生长率 Crop growth rate	0.95^**	0.91^**	0.52^**	0.85^**	1.00
SPAD值 SPAD value	0.39	0.50^*	-0.29	0.84^**	0.52^**	1.00
可溶性蛋白含量 Soluble protein content	0.90^**	0.90^**	0.36	0.88^**	0.92^**	0.67^**	1.00