新育成超短生育期品系在双季稻双直播下的产量表现及农艺特性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22065

作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (10): 2738-2752.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22065

新育成超短生育期品系在双季稻双直播下的产量表现及农艺特性

潘想成¹^,²(), 杨国栋¹, 符迎迎¹, 王昕钰¹^,³, 熊渠², 徐乐¹^,⁴(), 彭少兵¹()

¹华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室 / 湖北洪山实验室 / 长江中游作物生理生态与耕作制度重点实验室 / 华中农业大学植物科学技术学院, 湖北武汉 430070
²孝感市农科院, 湖北孝感 432000
³广东省农业科学院水稻研究所 / 农业农村部华南优质稻遗传育种实验室(省部共建), 广东广州 510640
⁴东北农业大学, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150030

收稿日期:2022-12-14 接受日期:2023-04-17 出版日期:2023-10-12 网络出版日期:2023-04-25
通讯作者: 彭少兵, E-mail: speng@mail.hzau.edu.cn; 徐乐, E-mail: xule@neau.edu.cn
作者简介:E-mail: pxc18298400235@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31971845);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(水稻, CARS-01-20)

Yield performance and agronomic characteristics of a newly developed ultrashort-duration line in direct-seeded double-season rice system

PAN Xiang-Cheng¹^,²(), YANG Guo-Dong¹, FU Ying-Ying¹, WANG Xin-Yu¹^,³, XIONG Qu², XU Le¹^,⁴(), PENG Shao-Bing¹()

¹National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement / Hubei Hongshan Laboratory / MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River / College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
²Xiaogan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiaogan432000, Hubei, China
³Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
⁴College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China

Received:2022-12-14 Accepted:2023-04-17 Published:2023-10-12 Published online:2023-04-25
Contact: E-mail: speng@mail.hzau.edu.cn; E-mail: xule@neau.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Science Foundation of China(31971845);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Rice, CARS-01-20)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究新育成超短生育期品系在双季稻双直播模式下的产量表现及关键的高产农艺特性, 本研究以超短生育期新品系CPPC18和4个对照品种(湘早籼6号、早籼615、中早39和两优152)为供试材料, 2021年在湖北黄冈进行双季稻双直播的小区试验和生产示范, 测定冠层光照拦截、干物质积累、倒伏特性、产量和产量构成因子等农艺性状。试验结果表明, 超短生育期新品系在双季稻双直播模式下早晚兼用的单季生育期在95 d以内, 周年生育期为180~183 d, 这比湘早籼6号早晚兼用增加7~9 d, 而比早籼615早晚兼用和中早39与两优152早晚搭配分别缩短4~8 d和16~22 d。在小区试验中, 超短生育期新品系CPPC18的周年产量相比其他品种增加7.2%~14.6%, 达到14.9 t hm^-2。超短生育期新品系较高的周年产量主要得益于其早季较强的早发特性和晚季较高的单位面积颖花数、结实率和收获指数。此外, 超短生育期新品系具有比其他品种更强的抗倒伏能力, 这主要得益于其较低的株高、重心高度和弯曲力矩。在生产示范中, 超短生育期新品系的周年产量同样表现出明显优势, 相比其他对照品种增产12.7%~ 21.6%。综上所述, 超短生育期新品系CPPC18能够满足华中地区双季稻双直播高产稳产要求, 具有良好的推广前景。

关键词: 农艺特性, 双季稻双直播, 超短生育期, 生产示范, 产量

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to explore the yield performance and yield-related traits of a newly developed ultrashort-duration line in direct-seeded double-season rice system. An ultrashort-duration line named CPPC18, and four check cultivars (Xiangzaoxian 6, Zaoxian 615, Zhongzao 39, and Liangyou 152) were grown as the direct-seeded double-season rice in both plot-level and on-farm experiments in Hubei province in 2021. We measured canopy light interception, biomass accumulation, lodging characteristics, yield, and yield components. The result showed that the new line matured within 95 days in each season, and its annual growth duration was 180-183 days. This was 7-9 days longer than Xiangzaoxian 6, but 4-8 days and 16-22 days shorter than Zaoxian 615 and the combination of Zhongzao 39 (early season) and Liangyou 152 (late season), respectively. In the plot-level experiment, the annual yield of CPPC18 reached 14.9 t hm^-2 and increased by 7.2%-14.6% compared with other cultivars. Yield advantage of CPPC18 was mainly attributed to its early vigor in early season and higher spikelets per m^-2, grain filling percentage, and harvest index in late season. Besides, the lodging resistance of CPPC18 was stronger than other cultivars due to its lower plant height, the center of gravity height, and bending moment. Similarly, CPPC18 also had yield advantages over other cultivars in the on-farm experiment. The annual yield increased by 12.7%-21.6% over other cultivars. In conclusion, the newly developed ultrashort-duration line CPPC18 was suitable for direct-seeded, double-season rice system in central China for achieving high and stable yield.

Key words: agronomic characteristics, direct seeding double-season rice, ultrashort-duration, on-farm experiment, yield

潘想成, 杨国栋, 符迎迎, 王昕钰, 熊渠, 徐乐, 彭少兵. 新育成超短生育期品系在双季稻双直播下的产量表现及农艺特性[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(10): 2738-2752.

PAN Xiang-Cheng, YANG Guo-Dong, FU Ying-Ying, WANG Xin-Yu, XIONG Qu, XU Le, PENG Shao-Bing. Yield performance and agronomic characteristics of a newly developed ultrashort-duration line in direct-seeded double-season rice system[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(10): 2738-2752.

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季节 Season	地点 Site	有机质 Soil organic matter (g kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (%)	速效磷 Olsen P (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg kg^-1)	酸碱度 pH
早季 Early season	小区试验Plot-level experiment	25.5	0.19	8.5	168.3	5.49
早季 Early season	生产示范On-farm experiment	24.8	0.16	6.1	193.0	5.52
晚季 Late season	小区试验Plot-level experiment	28.8	0.20	8.3	232.4	5.24
晚季 Late season	生产示范On-farm experiment	26.2	0.18	5.5	99.3	5.43

品种/品系 Genotype	简写 Abbreviation	父母本 Parents	水稻类型 Varietal type	选育单位 Breeding institute
CPPC05-235-B-1-6-9	CPPC18	早籼615/湘早籼6号 Zaoxian 615/Xiangzaoxian 6	常规籼稻 Conventional indica rice	本课题组选育 Our research group
湘早籼6号 Xiangzaoxian 6	XZX6	湘矮早9号/莲塘早 Xiangaizao 9/Liantangzao	常规籼稻 Conventional indica rice	沅江市农业科学研究所 Yuanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences
早籼615 Zaoxian 615	ZX615	早籼14/Y134 Zaoxian 14/Y134	常规籼稻 Conventional indica rice	安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所 Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences
中早39 Zhongzao 39	ZZ39	嘉育253/中组3号 Jiayu 253/Zhongzu 3	常规籼稻 Conventional indica rice	中国水稻研究所 China National Rice Research Institute
两优152 Liangyou 152	LY152	HD9802S/R152	杂交籼稻 Hybrid indica rice	湖北省种子集团有限公司, 武汉大学 Hubei Provincial Seed Group Co., Ltd, Wuhan University

季节 Season	品种/品系 Genotype	日产量 Daily yield (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	单位面积穗数 Panicles (m^-2)	每穗颖花数 Spikelets panicle^-1	单位面积颖花数 Spikelets (×10³ m^-2)	结实率 Grain filling (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	生物量 Biomass (t hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
早季	CPPC18	79.8 a	417 b	93.5 c	38.9 a	83.1 a	21.2 c	13.9 a	49.2 b
Early season	XZX6	73.8 b	471 a	88.0 d	41.4 a	79.5 a	19.2 d	12.8 b	49.6 b
	ZX615	78.0 a	360 c	117.3 b	42.2 a	82.6 a	23.0 b	14.3 a	56.1 a
	ZZ39	79.7 a	294 d	132.6 a	38.9 a	79.0 a	24.5 a	14.7 a	51.3 b
	平均Mean	77.8 A	385 A	107.9 B	40.4 A	81.1 A	22.0 A	13.9 A	51.5 A
晚季	CPPC18	85.7 a	351 ab	114.2 ab	39.4 a	79.0 a	20.8 c	12.4 a	52.2 a
Late season	XZX6	77.0 b	398 a	95.3 b	37.7 a	78.9 a	19.8 d	12.9 a	45.4 b
	ZX615	68.3 c	304 b	129.4 a	39.2 a	63.5 b	22.1 b	12.4 a	44.0 b
	LY152	57.7 d	295 b	129.0 a	37.5 a	51.2 c	23.5 a	12.1 a	37.2 c
	平均Mean	72.2 B	337 B	117.0 A	38.0 B	68.1 B	21.6 B	12.5 B	44.7 B

季节 Season	品种/品系 Genotype	作物生长速率 Crop growth rate (g m^-2 d^-1)
季节 Season	品种/品系 Genotype	播种-幼穗分化期 SS-PI	幼穗分化-齐穗期 PI-HD	齐穗-成熟期 HD-MA	全生育期 SS-MA
早季	CPPC18	5.5 a	22.6 b	20.2 a	14.6 a
Early season	XZX6	4.6 b	29.0 a	18.3 a	14.3 a
	ZX615	3.7 c	28.5 ab	19.4 a	14.7 a
	ZZ39	3.8 c	29.3 a	15.2 a	14.2 a
	平均Mean	4.4 B	27.4 A	18.3 A	14.5 A
晚季	CPPC18	6.4 b	27.0 a	14.5 a	14.6 ab
Late season	XZX6	8.9 a	23.3 a	9.1 b	12.2 c
	ZX615	8.6 a	25.5 a	15.9 a	15.4 a
	LY152	5.9 b	24.2 a	13.2 ab	13.6 bc
	平均Mean	7.5 A	25.0 B	13.2 B	14.0 A

季节 Season	品种/品系 Genotype	茎蘖数Stem number			叶面积指数Leaf area index
季节 Season	品种/品系 Genotype	MT	PI	HD	MT	PI	HD
早季	CPPC18	528 a	706 a	717 a	1.17 a	3.34 a	6.97 a
Early season	XZX6	583 a	747 a	786 a	1.03 a	3.17 a	6.87 ab
	ZX615	328 b	497 b	553 b	0.68 b	2.06 b	5.71 b
	ZZ39	347 b	534 b	556 b	0.70 b	2.28 b	6.75 ab
	平均Mean	403 B	583 A	653 A	0.81 B	2.53 B	6.58 A
晚季	CPPC18	647 ab	626 ab	477 b	1.13 ab	3.12 b	5.65 bc
Late season	XZX6	769 a	712 a	535 a	1.06 ab	4.50 a	6.62 ab
	ZX615	562 b	543 b	390 c	0.97 b	2.57 b	5.04 c
	LY152	723 a	604 b	452 b	1.24 a	4.57 a	6.93 a
	平均Mean	695 A	614 A	464 A	1.16 A	4.07 A	6.06 B

新育成超短生育期品系在双季稻双直播下的产量表现及农艺特性

Yield performance and agronomic characteristics of a newly developed ultrashort-duration line in direct-seeded double-season rice system

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季节 Season	品种/品系 Genotype	PH (cm)	GH (cm)	ID (mm)	CWT (mm)	DLI (mg cm^-1)	DVI (mg cm^-3)	BR (g)	WP (g cm)	M (g cm)
早季	CPPC18	95.2 c	37.0 b	4.84 b	0.61 a	24.1 b	298.8 b	1196.5 b	960.7 c	1495.7 b
Early season	XZX6	92.2 d	38.7 b	4.78 b	0.64 a	24.2 b	290.9 b	1045.8 c	1109.9 b	1307.2 c
	ZX615	112.3 a	46.8 a	5.42 a	0.62 a	26.8 b	288.5 b	1319.3 b	1362.2 a	1649.2 b
	ZZ39	105.6 b	44.9 a	5.61 a	0.65 a	35.1 a	345.6 a	1698.7 a	1433.5 a	2123.4 a
	平均Mean	101.3 B	42.1 B	5.16 A	0.63 A	27.5 A	306.0 B	1315.1 A	1216.6 A	1643.8 A
晚季	CPPC18	98.7 c	41.3 c	4.66 b	0.56 bc	26.5 a	367.2 a	962.7 b	812.3 b	1203.4 b
Late season	XZX6	94.5 d	42.3 c	4.45 b	0.54 c	24.9 a	372.2 a	894.6 b	797.5 b	1118.2 b
	ZX615	113.8 a	48.8 a	5.14 a	0.60 ab	26.6 a	309.9 b	993.6 b	1183.5 b	1242.1 b
	LY152	108.8 b	47.1 b	5.18 a	0.63 a	29.0 a	320.3 b	1391.8 a	1345.2 a	1739.8 a
	平均Mean	104.0 A	44.9 A	4.86 B	0.58 B	26.7 A	342.4 A	1060.7 B	1034.6 B	1325.9 B

季节 Season	品种/ 品系 Genotype	产量 Yield (t hm^-2)	日产量 Daily yield (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	单位面积穗数 Panicles (m^-2)	每穗颖花数 Spikelets panicle^-1	单位面积颖花数 Spikelets (×10³ m^-2)	结实率 Grain filling (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	生物量 Biomass (t hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
早季	CPPC18	5.54 ab	58.9 a	475 a	74.2 c	34.7 b	74.7 ab	20.7 c	11.8 ab	45.5 a
Early season	XZX6	5.18 b	58.2 a	413 ab	76.0 c	31.4 b	78.6 a	19.0 d	9.9 b	47.3 a
	ZX615	6.49 a	66.2 a	386 ab	92.5 b	35.3 b	70.3 bc	22.6 b	12.5 a	44.9 a
	ZZ39	5.74 ab	56.9 a	305 b	132.9 a	40.3 a	62.7 c	24.4 a	13.3 a	46.3 a
	平均Mean	5.74 A	60.0 B	395 A	93.9 A	35.4 A	71.6 A	21.7 B	11.9 A	46.0 B
晚季	CPPC18	7.36 a	82.7 a	339 ab	120.3 a	40.4 a	75.7 a	20.8 b	12.1 a	52.2 a
Late season	XZX6	5.43 b	63.8 b	386 a	80.6 b	31.0 b	81.9 a	21.2 b	10.5 ab	51.2 a
	ZX615	4.96 b	55.7 b	272 b	90.8 b	24.3 b	74.1 a	23.5 a	8.8 b	47.9 a
	LY152	5.71 b	58.3 b	299 b	96.7 b	28.2 b	71.2 a	23.9 a	9.8 b	48.6 a
	平均Mean	5.87 A	65.1 A	324 B	97.1 A	31.0 B	75.7 A	22.3 A	10.3 B	50.0 A

季节 Season	品种/品系 Genotype	茎蘖数 Stem number (m^-2)	叶面积指数 LAI	株高 Plant height (cm)
早季	CPPC18	1003 a	8.82 a	90.3 b
Early season	XZX6	793 b	6.09 b	84.9 b
	ZX615	781 b	6.04 b	103.2 a
	ZZ39	791 b	5.66 b	100.6 a
	平均Mean	842 A	6.65 A	94.7 A
晚季	CPPC18	523 a	5.96 a	95.3 b
Late season	XZX6	579 a	5.77 a	90.4 b
	ZX615	488 a	4.94 a	102.5 a
	LY152	493 a	5.05 a	102.9 a
	平均Mean	521 B	5.43 B	97.8 A

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