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作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (9): 2517-2527.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24212

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

椰糠施用量对土壤理化性状和甘薯产量的影响

杨毅1,2(), 何志强1, 林佳慧1, 李洋1, 陈飞1, 吕长文1, 唐道彬1, 周全卢2,*(), 王季春1,*()   

  1. 1西南大学农学与生物科技学院 / 薯类生物学与遗传育种重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400715
    2南充市农业科学院, 四川南充 637000
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-16 接受日期:2023-02-21 出版日期:2023-09-12 网络出版日期:2023-03-07
  • 通讯作者: *王季春, E-mail: wjchun@swu.edu.cn; 周全卢, E-mail: zhouquanlu@163.com
  • 作者简介:杨毅, E-mail: 1090007936@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市科委重点项目(甘薯鲜食营养型及高直淀粉组分新品种创制)(cstc2019jscx-gksbx0100)

Effects of coconut bran application rate on soil physicochemical properties and sweet-potato yield

YANG Yi1,2(), HE Zhi-Qiang1, LIN Jia-Hui1, LI Yang1, CHEN Fei1, LYU Chang-Wen1, TANG Dao-Bin1, ZHOU Quan-Lu2,*(), WANG Ji-Chun1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University / Chongqing Key Laboratory of Tuber Biology and Genetics, Chongqing 400715, China
    2Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2022-09-16 Accepted:2023-02-21 Published:2023-09-12 Published online:2023-03-07
  • Supported by:
    Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Commission Key Project Fund (Creation of New Varieties of Sweet Potato with Fresh Nutrition and High Straight Starch Components)(cstc2019jscx-gksbx0100)

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摘要：

研究不同施用量的椰糠对土壤理化性状和甘薯产量的影响, 探索椰糠的施入量与土壤理化性状的相关关系, 为农田土壤肥力的提高与保持以及鲜食型甘薯高产优质栽培提供理论依据和实际生产指导。本试验于2020年和2021年, 采用随机区组试验设计, 研究了椰糠(干重)施用量0、20,250、40,500和60,750 kg hm-2共4个处理对土壤及甘薯的影响。结果表明, 随着椰糠施用量的增加, 土壤容重逐渐降低, 而土壤孔隙度、土壤质量含水量、土壤有机质含量和土壤速效氮、磷、钾养分含量逐渐增加, 其中土壤速效钾含量增加最多, 碱解氮次之, 速效磷最少; 根际土壤细菌数量、真菌数量、放线菌数量都随椰糠施用量的增加而增加。增施椰糠能提高甘薯块根的单株结薯数, 增加200~ 400 g、100~200 g和50~100 g块根的数量, 提高甘薯的商品薯率; 甘薯块根产量随椰糠施用量增加先增后减, 以椰糠40,500 kg hm-2施用量最高; 甘薯块根淀粉率随椰糠施用量的增加而递减。施加椰糠能有效的改善土壤结构和培肥地力, 有利于促进甘薯结薯和大薯的形成, 提高块根产量和增加商品薯率。

关键词: 甘薯, 椰糠, 土壤理化性状, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to study the effects of different application rate of coconut bran on soil physical and chemical properties and sweet-potato yield, and to explore the correlation between the application rate of coconut bran and soil physical and chemical properties, which can provide the theoretical basis and practical production guidance for the improvement and maintenance of farmland soil fertility and the high-yield and high-quality cultivation of fresh-eating sweet potato. In 2020 and 2021, a randomized block design was used to study the effects of coconut bran (dry weight) application rate of 0, 20,250, 40,500, and 60,750 kg hm-2 on soil and sweet potato. The results showed that, with the increase of coconut bran application, soil bulk density decreased gradually, but soil porosity, soil mass water content, soil organic matter content, soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents increased gradually. Among them, soil available potassium content increased the most, followed by alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and the least available phosphorus. The number of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil all increased with the increase of coconut bran application. Moreover, the application of coconut bran can increase the number of storage root per plant, increase the number of 200-400 g, 100-200 g, and 50-100 g of storage root, and improve the commodity rate of sweet-potato. The yield of sweet-potato storage root increased first and then decreased with the increase of coconut bran application, and the highest was 40,500 kg hm-2 of coconut bran application, while the starch content of sweet-potato storage roots decreased with the increase of coconut bran application. In conclusion, the application of coconut bran can effectively improve the soil structure and fertility, promote the formation of sweet-potato storage roots and large potatoes, increase the yield of storage root and the commodity rate of sweet potato.

Key words: sweet potato, coconut bran, soil physical and chemical properties, yield, quality

表1

椰糠基础养分和试验田土壤基础肥力"

类别
Type		 年份
Year		 pH 速效钾
Available
potassium
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available
phosphorus
(mg kg-1)		 碱解氮
Alkaline
nitrogen
(mg kg-1)		 有机质
Organic
matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total
nitrogen
(g kg-1)		 全磷
Total
phosphorus
(g kg-1)		 全钾
Total
potassium
(g kg-1)
椰糠基础养分
Basic nutrients of
coconut bran		 2020 7.27 5.20 0.21 7.80 694.49 0.16 0.24 4.11
2021 7.03 5.06 0.15 7.01 685.66 0.17 0.21 4.03
试验田土壤基础肥力
Soil basal fertility of experimental field		 2020 7.75 86.36 14.46 68.56 11.36 0.61 1.40 17.20
2021 8.18 33.50 3.54 48.60 12.95 0.13 0.26 3.12

图1

椰糠施用量对土壤容重、孔隙度和质量含水量的影响 T0、T1、T2和T3表示椰糠施用量0、20,250、40,500和60,750 kg hm-2, 图注上标以不同小写字母表示同一年处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

表2

不同处理对土壤养分的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 碱解氮
Alkaline nitrogen
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available phosphorus
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available potassium
(mg kg-1)
2020 T0 10.97±0.15 d 37.10±1.21 c 15.57±0.45 d 15.61±1.76 d
T1 24.10±0.10 c 48.4±0.72 b 17.10±0.05 c 23.91±2.02 c
T2 35.33±3.26 b 52.73±3.23 b 19.02±0.66 b 52.67±1.60 b
T3 46.50±0.53 a 61.13±3.27 a 20.31±0.48 a 77.34±2.76 a
2021 T0 11.50±0.30 d 35.70±0.70 c 14.41±0.28 b 12.85±0.73 d
T1 22.87±1.47 c 47.83±0.40 b 15.39±0.31 b 25.24±3.84 c
T2 32.30±0.79 b 48.07±1.62 b 17.47±1.34 a 81.58±5.56 b
T3 46.80±2.10 a 59.97±3.45 a 17.89±1.34 a 98.72±0.98 a
平均值 Y1 29.23 A 49.84 A 18.00 A 42.38 B
Average Y2 28.37 A 47.89 A 16.29 A 54.60 A
T0 11.23 D 36.40 C 14.99 C 14.23 D
T1 23.48 C 48.12 B 16.25 B 24.57 C
T2 33.82 B 50.40 B 18.25 A 67.12 B
T3 46.65 A 60.55 A 19.10 A 88.03 A
因素显著性
Significance of ANOVA		 Y ns ns ns **
T ** ** ** **
Y×T ns ns ns **

表3

不同处理对土壤微生物数量的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 细菌
Bacteria (×106 CFU g-1)		 真菌
Fungus (×103 CFU g-1)		 放线菌
Actinomycetes (×105 CFU g-1)
2020 T0 6.67±1.53 c 16.67±1.53 c 8.33±1.53 c
T1 13.67±1.53 b 29.67±2.52 b 14.00±1.00 b
T2 14.67±1.53 b 32.67±1.53 ab 16.00±1.00 b
T3 17.33±0.58 a 34.33±1.53 a 18.33±1.53 a
2021 T0 7.00±1.00 d 15.33±1.53 c 12.33±2.08 c
T1 9.00±1.00 c 21.67±1.53 b 15.00±1.00 b
T2 14.67±0.58 b 32.67±2.52 a 17.33±1.53 b
T3 17.00±1.00 a 33.67±1.53 a 22.33±1.53 a
平均值 Y1 13.08 A 28.33 A 15.25 A
Average Y2 11.92 A 25.83 A 16.75 A
T0 6.83 D 16.00 C 10.33 C
T1 11.33 C 25.67 B 14.50 B
T2 14.67 B 32.67 A 16.67 B
T3 17.17 A 34.00 A 22.50 A
因素显著性
Significance of ANOVA		 Y ns * ns
T ** ** **
Y×T ** ** ns

表4

不同处理对栽后25 d甘薯根系形态的影响(2021年)"

处理
Treatment		 长度
Length (cm)		 表面积
Surface area (cm2)		 体积
Volume (cm3)		 根尖数
Root tips (pieces)
T0 253.87±36.48 c 55.74±6.35 c 1.27±0.08 c 328.00±19.00 c
T1 455.47±31.19 b 89.34±5.04b c 2.08±0.26 b 490.33±75.64 b
T2 607.11±108.93 a 144.18±39.12 ab 2.86±0.20 a 680.33±68.63 a
T3 671.81±32.19 a 169.75±14.20 a 3.20±0.45 a 710.67±67.57 a

表5

不同处理对甘薯块根产量及其构成因素的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)		 单株结薯数
Storage root (lump plant-1)
2020 T0 13,670.14±1705.67 c 3.09±0.39 b
T1 17,796.63±2122.1 b 3.61±0.47 a
T2 23,035.71±1778.20 a 3.94±0.21 a
T3 21,109.52±2679.33 ab 4.02±0.59 a
2021 T0 18,997.80±1983.65 c 3.75±0.24 c
T1 24,915.03±2317.57 b 4.61±0.40 b
T2 31,072.17±2608.79 a 4.86±0.54 ab
T3 29,339.64±4163.89 a 5.42±0.98 a
平均值 Y1 18,903.00 A 3.66 A
Average Y2 26,149.46 A 4.66 A
T0 16,333.97 C 3.42 C
T1 21,355.83 B 4.11 B
T2 27,190.54 A 4.40 AB
T3 25,224.58 A 4.72 A
因素显著性
Significance of ANOVA		 Y * ns
T ** **
Y×T ns ns

表6

不同处理对甘薯块根商品薯数及商品薯率的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 一级薯数
Level 1
(×104 lump hm-2)		 二级薯数
Level 2
(×104 lump hm-2)		 迷你薯数
No of mini potatoes
(×104 lump hm-2)		 总薯数
Total potatoes
(×104 lump hm-2)		 商品薯率
Commodity rate
(%)
2020 T0 2.57±0.18 c 4.18±0.31 c 4.90±0.52 b 18.25±3.04 c 58.90±2.74 c
T1 3.13±0.33 b 6.07±0.12 b 5.74±0.67 b 22.00±1.80 bc 62.14±1.70 bc
T2 3.29±0.40 ab 7.31±0.76 ab 6.65±0.74 b 26.92±1.59 b 67.15±1.12 ab
T3 3.54±0.38 a 7.50±1.12 a 10.81±1.45 a 34.60±3.84 a 71.89±6.35 a
2021 T0 2.80±0.20 b 5.13±0.81 b 6.00±0.92 a 23.08±0.42 b 56.85±5.93 b
T1 3.53±0.42 b 6.21±0.93 b 7.40±0.92 a 28.28±2.01 ab 60.58±4.85 b
T2 4.80±0.60 a 9.20±1.64 a 6.13±0.87 a 29.15±3.22 a 73.16±3.94 ab
T3 5.21±0.86 a 9.14±0.91 a 6.47±1.12 a 31.88±6.73 a 66.16±4.13 a
平均值 Y1 3.13 A 6.27 A 7.03 A 25.44 A 65.02 A
Average Y2 4.09 A 7.42 A 6.50 A 28.10 A 64.19 A
T0 2.69 C 4.66 C 5.45 B 20.67 C 57.88 C
T1 3.33 B 6.14 B 6.57 AB 25.14 BC 61.36 BC
T2 4.05 A 8.26 A 6.39 AB 28.03 AB 70.16 A
T3 4.38 A 8.32 A 8.64 A 33.24 A 69.03 AB
因素显著性
Significance of ANOVA		 Y ns ns ns ns ns
T ** ** * ** **
Y×T ** ns * ns ns

图2

椰糠施用量对甘薯块根淀粉率的影响 图注上标以不同小写字母表示同一年处理间差异在0.05概率水平差异显著。处理同图1。"

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