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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (11): 2933-2943.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51040

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦地方品种蚕老麦成株抗条锈病QTL定位

徐晓伟1(), 冯晶1,*(), 王凤涛1, 童朝阳1, 张建周2, 李春盈2, 蔺瑞明1,*()   

  1. 1 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 / 植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室, 北京 100193
    2 河南省农业科学院小麦研究所 / 河南省小麦生物学重点实验室, 河南郑州 450002
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-23 接受日期:2025-07-09 出版日期:2025-11-12 网络出版日期:2025-07-22
  • 通讯作者: *冯晶, E-mail: jingfeng@ippcaas.cn; 蔺瑞明, E-mail: linruiming@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: Xxw15621405359@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1400400);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2025ZC05)

QTL mapping of adult plant resistance to stripe rust in the Chinese wheat landrace Canlaomai

XU Xiao-Wei1(), FENG Jing1,*(), WANG Feng-Tao1, TONG Zhao-Yang1, ZHANG Jian-Zhou2, LI Chun-Ying2, LIN Rui-Ming1,*()   

  1. 1 Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing 100193, China
    2 Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Henan Key Laboratory for Wheat Biology, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
  • Received:2025-04-23 Accepted:2025-07-09 Published:2025-11-12 Published online:2025-07-22
  • Contact: *E-mail: jingfeng@ippcaas.cn; E-mail: linruiming@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key R & D Program of China(2024YFD1400400);Independent Innovation Project of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2025ZC05)

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摘要：

小麦条锈病是由小麦条锈菌(Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Pst)引起的一种全球性小麦病害, 对小麦产量和品质造成严重影响。陕西小麦地方品种蚕老麦多年来在不同环境中对条锈菌表现出稳定的成株抗性。为挖掘蚕老麦中的抗性位点, 本研究利用蚕老麦与Taichung 29杂交构建的重组自交系(recombinant inbred line, RIL), 在河北廊坊和四川成都试验地中接种条锈菌, 评估了亲本和RIL群体的最大病情严重度, 其频率分布呈现出连续变化, 符合数量性状抗性特点。利用分离群体分组分析法(bulked segregation analysis, BSA)结合小麦55K SNP芯片及分子标记开发技术, 在蚕老麦中鉴定到1个条锈病成株抗性位点QYr.CLM-2DS, 该位点位于染色体2DS标记32SSR2D-498和32SSR2D-523之间的7.23 cM遗传区间内, 可解释表型变异11.41%~13.08%。通过标记连锁分析、遗传图谱和物理图谱综合分析发现, QYr.CLM-2DS不同于目前染色体2DS上已发表的抗性基因/QTL, 是一个小麦成株期条锈病抗性的新位点, 可用于未来小麦成株期条锈病抗性遗传改良和抗病育种。

关键词: 小麦地方品种, 条锈病, 成株抗性, 分子标记, QTL定位

Abstract:

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a globally important disease that significantly reduces wheat yield and quality. The wheat landrace Canlaomai (CLM), originating from Shaanxi Province, has consistently exhibited stable adult plant resistance (APR) to Pst across multiple years and diverse environments. To identify the genetic basis of this resistance, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was developed by crossing CLM with the susceptible cultivar Taichung 29 (T29). Field trials were conducted in Langfang (Hebei) and Chengdu (Sichuan), where both parents and the RIL population were artificially inoculated with Pst. The maximum disease severity (MDS) values showed a continuous distribution, indicating that the resistance is quantitatively inherited. Using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) combined with the wheat 55K SNP array and molecular marker development, we identified a novel APR locus in CLM, designated QYr.CLM-2DS. This locus was mapped to a 7.23 cM genetic interval between markers 32SSR2D-498 and 32SSR2D-523 on chromosome 2DS, explaining 11.41%-13.08% of the phenotypic variation. Comparative analysis of linked markers, genetic, and physical maps indicated that QYr.CLM-2DS is distinct from previously reported resistance genes or QTLs on chromosome 2DS, representing a novel APR locus for wheat stripe rust. This finding provides a valuable genetic resource for improving stripe rust resistance in wheat breeding programs.

Key words: wheat landrace, stripe rust, adult plant resistance, molecular marker, QTL mapping

图1

蚕老麦和Taichung 29在苗期对12个条锈菌生理小种(A)和成株期对混合小种(B)的表型"

图2

蚕老麦×Taichung 29重组自交系群体在田间不同环境下最大病情严重度频率分布 CLM: 蚕老麦; T29: Taichung 29。2023 LF: 2023年廊坊; 2024 LF: 2024年廊坊; 2024 CD: 2024年成都; BLUP: 最佳线性无偏预测数据。"

表1

不同环境下最大病情严重度相关系数"

试验点Trial 2024 CD 2023 LF 2024 LF BLUP
2024 CD 1.00***
2023 LF 0.59*** 1.00***
2024 LF 0.61*** 0.63*** 1.00***
BLUP 0.87*** 0.86*** 0.86*** 1.00***

图3

差异SNP位点在染色体上频率分布"

图4

引物Xgwm102聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果 M: 100 bp ladder Marker I; 1: 蚕老麦; 2: Cappelle Desprez (Yr16); 3: Taichung 29。图内箭头指示品种Cappelle Desprez中Yr16特异带型。"

表2

构建遗传图谱所用引物目录"

引物名称
Primer name		 引物序列
Primer sequence (5′-3′)		 物理位置
Physical location (Mb)		 产物特征
Production size (bp) or genotyping
32KASP2D-1 GAAGGTGACCAAGTTCATGCTGGTG
AAAATACTTTCTGTTAGATCCACT		 72.21 [G/T]
GAAGGTCGGAGTCAACGGATTGTGA
AAATACTTTCTGTTAGATCCACG
CAGGTGATCACGGGATCGTATTGTA
32SSR2D-17 TCATCCCCTTGAAGCAACTC 60.33 160
GCATCTTCTCCTGTAGGGCA
32SSR2D-498 CACACAATGGCCATCAACTC 66.72 100
TCAAACTTGGGCTAACTGGG
32SSR2D-523 TACGGTTGGTTATCGCAATG 67.24 240
ATGTGGCGTGTTGTGTTCAT
Xgwm484 ACATCGCTCTTCACAAACCC 48.17 160
AGTTCCGGTCATGGCTAGG
Xgwm102 TCTCCCATCCAACGCCTC 72.66 150
TGTTGGTGGCTTGACTATTG

表3

QYr.CLM-2DS定位具体信息"

试验地
Trait		 区间
Interval (cM)		 左侧标记
Left Marker		 右侧标记
Right Marker		 或然率优势对数
LOD		 解释表型变异
百分率PVE (%)		 加性效应
Add effect		 抗性来源
Resistance source
2024 CD 10.33-13.85 32KASP2D-1 32SSR2D-498 5.99 11.41 -9.45 蚕老麦Canlaomai
2023 LF 13.85-21.08 32SSR2D-498 32SSR2D-523 7.13 13.08 -11.69 蚕老麦Canlaomai
2024 LF 10.33-13.85 32KASP2D-1 32SSR2D-498 6.75 12.54 -10.61 蚕老麦Canlaomai
BLUP 13.85-21.08 32SSR2D-498 32SSR2D-523 8.96 16.37 -8.89 蚕老麦Canlaomai

图5

标记32KASP2D-1对遗传群体的基因分型 NTC: 无模板对照。"

图6

小麦条锈病抗性位点QYr.CLM-2DS LOD曲线图 缩写同图2。"

图7

QYr.CLM-2DS降低最大病情严重度的效果 缩写同图2。****: P ≤ 0.0001。"

图8

候选区间在不同小麦材料基因组中的共线性分析"

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