作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (6): 1643-1653.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41083
赵刚1,2(), 张建军1,2, 党翼1,2, 樊廷录2,3, 王磊1,2, 周刚1,2, 王淑英1,2, 李兴茂1,2, 倪胜利1,2, 米文博1,2, 周旭姣1,2, 程万莉2,3, 李尚中1,2,*(
)
ZHAO Gang1,2(), ZHANG Jian-Jun1,2, DANG Yi1,2, FAN Ting-Lu2,3, WANG Lei1,2, ZHOU Gang1,2, WANG Shu-Ying1,2, LI Xing-Mao1,2, NI Sheng-Li1,2, MI Wen-Bo1,2, ZHOU Xu-Jiao1,2, CHENG Wan-Li2,3, LI Shang-Zhong1,2,*(
)
摘要: 为了明确黄土旱塬区不同降雨年型下秸秆覆盖量对土壤水温效应和冬小麦产量影响的机理, 本研究连续7年研究了秸秆覆盖量在不同降雨年型对土壤水分、温度及冬小麦耗水和产量的影响。结果表明, 秸秆覆盖显著提升越冬期地温, 覆盖量越大, 增温效果逐渐减弱。在干旱年和平水年, 返青期1500 kg hm-2处理呈增温趋势, 而丰水年则表现为降温; 不同年型下, 覆盖量越大降温效果越显著。秸秆覆盖在冬小麦生育期内均增加了0~2 m土层的土壤贮水量, 且覆盖量越大贮水量越高; 干旱年和平水年, 耗水量随覆盖量增加而减少, 而丰水年则相反。干旱年返青—灌浆期, 1500 kg hm-2处理较露地贮水量增加11.8 mm, 且全生育期耗水量在各年型下均高于露地6.9~14.8 mm, 其中返青—拔节期和灌浆—成熟期的耗水量增加尤为显著。在产量和水分利用效率方面, 1500 kg hm-2处理分别较露地增加17.6%和14.8%, 增产主要源于穗数增加; 3000 kg hm-2处理的产量和水分利用效率与露地接近, 而覆盖量进一步增加则导致产量和水分利用效率下降。当1500 kg hm-2覆盖条件下, 可有效提高干旱年和平水年返青期土壤温度, 达到高产和高水分利用效率, 3000 kg hm-2为临界值, 过高覆盖量虽显著增强保水效果, 但因降温过度, 产量和水分利用效率下降。
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