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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (8): 2164-2175.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

Bipolaris sorokiniana黑胚病对中筋小麦淀粉含量、粒度分布与糊化特性的影响

宋改利(), 王璐倩, 屈柯飞, 唐建卫, 董纯豪, 黄振朴, 高艳, 牛吉山, 殷贵鸿*(), 李巧云*()   

  1. 河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心 / 河南农业大学农学院 / 河南粮食作物协同创新中心, 河南郑州 450046
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-09 接受日期:2025-04-27 出版日期:2025-08-12 网络出版日期:2025-05-07
  • 通讯作者: *李巧云, E-mail: liqiaoyun@henau.edu.cn;殷贵鸿, E-mail: yinguihong@henau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 1963087860@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32171983);河南省农业良种联合攻关项目(2022010102);河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(HARS-22-01-G2);河南省科技研发计划联合基金项目(222103810002)

Effect of Bipolaris sorokiniana-induced black point disease on starch content, particle size distribution, and pasting properties of medium-gluten wheat

SONG Gai-Li(), WANG Lu-Qian, QU Ke-Fei, TANG Jian-Wei, DONG Chun-Hao, HUANG Zhen-Pu, GAO Yan, NIU Ji-Shan, YIN Gui-Hong*(), LI Qiao-Yun*()   

  1. National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University / College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University / Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China
  • Received:2025-01-09 Accepted:2025-04-27 Published:2025-08-12 Published online:2025-05-07
  • Contact: *E-mail: liqiaoyun@henau.edu.cn;E-mail: yinguihong@henau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171983);Funding of Joint Research on Agricultural Variety Improvement of Henan Province(2022010102);Special Funds for the Construction of Agricultural Research System in Henan Province(HARS-22-01-G2);Joint Fund of Science and Technology Research of Henan Province(222103810002)

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摘要：

小麦黑胚病在世界范围内频繁发生, 严重影响小麦的产量与品质。为明确黑胚病对小麦淀粉品质的影响, 本研究以黄淮麦区小麦黑胚病主要病原菌Bipolaris sorokiniana为致病菌、采用孢子液喷洒方法对2个中筋小麦进行接种, 以自然大田条件收获的籽粒为对照(CK), 研究黑胚病对淀粉含量、粒度分布与糊化特性的影响。结果显示, 黑胚病导致总淀粉与支链淀粉含量降低, 直链淀粉含量增加; 与CK相比, 黑胚粒的总淀粉与支链淀粉分别降低7.40%与13.56%, 直链淀粉含量增加9.72%, 支/直比下降21.22%; 黑胚病抑制了B型淀粉粒的产生和生长, 使小麦B型淀粉粒体积、表面积及数目百分比显著降低, 其中主要影响1.0~2.8 μm的淀粉粒, A型淀粉粒体积、表面积百分比显著增加, 以影响10.0~20.0 μm的淀粉粒为主; 黑胚病导致面粉黏度参数显著降低, 黑胚粒的峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度、稀懈值和回生值分别比CK降低27.70%、28.49%、23.22%、26.00%与15.71%。可见, B. sorokiniana黑胚病改变了中筋小麦的淀粉含量与粒度分布, 导致糊化参数降低、淀粉品质劣化。

关键词: 中筋小麦, 直链淀粉含量, 糊化特性, 淀粉粒度分布, 黑胚病, 麦根腐平脐蠕孢

Abstract:

Black point disease (BP) is a common wheat disorder worldwide that significantly reduces grain yield and quality. To investigate the impact of black point on wheat starch quality, we analyzed starch content, granule size distribution, and pasting properties in two medium-gluten wheat cultivars artificially inoculated with Bipolaris sorokiniana, a major pathogen responsible for black point in the Huang-Huai wheat region. Naturally harvested field grains were used as controls (CK). The results showed that BP-affected grains exhibited reduced total starch and amylopectin contents, alongside an increase in amylose content. Compared with CK, total starch and amylopectin contents in diseased grains decreased by 7.40% and 13.56%, respectively, while amylose content increased by 9.72%, and the amylopectin-to-amylose ratio decreased by 21.22%. Black point inhibited the formation and development of B-type starch granules, as evidenced by significant reductions in their volume, surface area, and number proportion, particularly in the 1.0-2.8 μm range. In contrast, A-type granules (especially those 10.0-20.0 μm in size) showed a marked increase in volume, surface area, and number proportion. Moreover, B. sorokiniana-induced black point significantly reduced starch pasting properties, with decreases of 27.70%, 28.49%, 23.22%, 26.00%, and 15.71% in peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown, and setback, respectively, compared with CK. In conclusion, black point leads to deterioration of starch quality in medium-gluten wheat by altering starch composition and granule size distribution, resulting in diminished viscosity characteristics.

Key words: medium gluten wheat, amylose content, pasting properties, granule size distribution of starch, black point, Bipolaris sorokiniana

表1

Bipolaris sorokiniana侵染引起的黑胚率及部分籽粒品质性状变化"

品种
Cultivar		 地点
Location		 处理
Treatment		 黑胚率
Black point incidence
(%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)		 籽粒硬度
Hardness		 降落数值
Falling number
(s)
豫农902
YN902		 原阳 YY Bs 35.10 ± 2.61 bB 47.67 ± 0.58 bAB 40.97 ± 0.15 eD 423.62 ± 3.48 cC
CK 8.90 ± 0.86 dCD 50.57 ± 0.66 aA 44.53 ± 0.52 cdC 468.50 ± 2.25 aA
商水 SS Bs 36.30 ± 2.72 bB 43.30 ± 0.75 cdCD 42.80 ± 0.17 deCD 406.31 ± 1.21 dD
CK 7.28 ± 0.61 dD 49.83 ± 0.41 abA 45.73 ± 0.59 cC 450.33 ± 2.91 bB
豫农912
YN912		 原阳 YY Bs 41.80 ± 2.71 bAB 45.17 ± 0.26 cBC 45.77 ± 0.41 cC 390.07 ± 2.02 eE
CK 19.50 ± 1.39 cC 49.47 ± 0.73 abA 52.80 ± 0.25 abAB 424.66 ± 1.45 cC
商水 SS Bs 50.53 ± 3.16 aA 41.37 ± 0.64 dD 51.00 ± 0.40 bB 372.05 ± 1.06 fF
CK 11.34 ± 1.23 dCD 48.67 ± 0.72 abA 55.07 ± 1.18 aA 421.04 ± 2.74 cC

表2

黑胚病对小麦籽粒淀粉含量及其组分的影响"

品种
Cultivar		 地点
Location		 处理
Treatment		 总淀粉含量
Starch content
(%)		 直链淀粉含量
Amylose content
(%)		 支链淀粉含量Amylopectin content
(%)		 支/直比
Amylopectin/
amylose
豫农902
YN902		 原阳 YY Bs 73.17 ± 0.31 cB 21.73 ± 0.31 aA 51.35 ± 0.42 bB 2.36 ± 0.05 cB
CK 77.01 ± 0.27 aA 19.47 ± 0.07 cBCD 57.49 ± 0.11 aA 2.94 ± 0.02 aA
商水 SS Bs 71.41 ± 0.11 dC 20.80 ± 0.10 abAB 50.57 ± 0.13 bBC 2.41 ± 0.02 cB
CK 75.95 ± 0.33 bA 19.13 ± 0.14 cCD 56.76 ± 0.32 aA 2.96 ± 0.03 aA
豫农912
YN912		 原阳 YY Bs 62.83 ± 0.36 fE 20.47 ± 0.17 bABC 42.31 ± 0.50 dD 2.07 ± 0.04 dC
CK 67.43 ± 0.16 eD 18.97 ± 0.13 cD 48.38 ± 0.19 cC 2.54 ± 0.02 bcB
商水 SS Bs 59.97 ± 0.13 gF 20.57 ± 0.14 bAB 39.49 ± 0.14 eE 1.92 ± 0.02 dC
CK 68.47 ± 0.06 eD 18.63 ± 0.12 cD 49.80 ± 0.10 bcBC 2.67 ± 0.02 bB

表3

黑胚病对小麦淀粉粒体积分布的影响"

品种
Cultivar		 地点
Location		 处理
Treatment		 淀粉粒粒径 Diameter of starch granule (μm)
0.1-2.8 2.8-10.0 ≤10.0 >10.0 10.0-20.0 >20.0
豫农902
YN902		 原阳 YY Bs 9.33 ±
0.31 cdDE		 22.00 ±
0.05 cBC		 31.64 ±
0.20 deDE		 68.33 ±
0.38 abAB		 29.73 ±
0.42 aA		 38.54 ±
0.12 dD
CK 12.02 ±
0.01 abAB		 20.64 ±
0.31 cC		 32.63 ±
0.19 cdCD		 68.00 ±
0.56 abAB		 26.61 ±
0.39 bB		 41.45 ±
0.36 cC
商水 SS Bs 10.00 ±
0.01 cCD		 23.61 ±
0.33 bB		 33.87 ±
0.07 bcBC		 66.07 ±
0.27 cCD		 29.00 ±
0.20 aA		 36.96 ±
0.27 eD
CK 13.01 ±
0.56 aA		 21.67 ±
0.67 cBC		 34.59 ±
0.26 bB		 65.02 ±
0.09 cD		 26.40 ±
0.29 bB		 38.84 ±
0.43 dD
豫农912
YN912		 原阳 YY Bs 8.33 ±
0.32 dE		 22.02 ±
0.09 cBC		 30.64 ±
0.19 eE		 69.36 ±
0.34 aA		 25.42 ±
0.51 bcBC		 44.04 ±
0.67 bB
CK 12.04 ±
0.58 abAB		 21.00 ±
0.58 cC		 32.68 ±
0.44 cdCD		 67.33 ±
0.37 bBC		 19.10 ±
0.78 eD		 47.98 ±
0.55 aA
商水 SS Bs 9.07 ±
0.07 cdDE		 23.66 ±
0.88 bB		 32.13 ±
0.77 dCDE		 67.67 ±
0.88 bABC		 24.11 ±
0.36 cC		 43.97 ±
0.68 bB
CK 11.02 ±
0.02 bBC		 26.33 ±
0.36 aA		 38.59 ±
0.30 aA		 61.31 ±
0.36 dE		 21.16 ±
0.23 dD		 39.51 ±
0.18 dD

表4

黑胚病对小麦淀粉粒表面积分布的影响"

品种
Cultivar		 地点
Location		 处理
Treatment		 淀粉粒粒径 Diameter of starch granule (μm)
0.1-2.8 2.8-10.0 ≤10.0 >10.0 10.0-20.0 >20.0
豫农902
YN 902		 原阳
YY		 Bs 46.67 ±
0.32 cBCD		 30.35 ±
0.31 cdC		 77.00 ±
0.16 bB		 23.10 ±
0.01 aA		 12.71 ±
0.02 aA		 10.25 ±
0.03 bcBC
CK 52.00 ±
0.09 aA		 27.00 ±
0.09 eD		 79.00 ±
0.21 aA		 21.03 ±
0.02 bB		 10.00 ±
0.41 cBC		 11.26 ±
0.60 abAB
商水
SS		 Bs 44.33 ±
0.61 dDE		 32.31 ±
0.32 bAB		 76.00 ±
0.09 bB		 24.06 ±
0.02 aA		 13.26 ±
0.04 aA		 10.46 ±
0.06 aABC
CK 49.35 ±
0.67 bB		 29.33 ±
0.36 dC		 78.62 ±
0.33 aA		 21.31 ±
0.31 bB		 10.53 ±
0.52 bcBC		 11.04 ±
0.45 abAB
豫农912
YN 912		 原阳
YY		 Bs 43.00 ±
0.07 dE		 33.67 ±
0.29 aA		 76.57 ±
0.62 bB		 23.35 ±
0.34 aA		 11.60 ±
0.14 bAB		 11.90 ±
0.14 aA
CK 48.38 ±
0.33 bcBC		 31.06 ±
0.58 cBC		 79.64 ±
0.41 aA		 20.67 ±
0.29 bB		 10.39 ±
0.22 cBC		 10.04 ±
0.15 bcBC
商水
SS		 Bs 42.31 ±
1.20 dE		 33.67 ±
0.63 aA		 76.11 ±
0.58 bB		 24.02 ±
0.58 aA		 11.79 ±
0.29 bAB		 12.19 ±
0.51 aA
CK 46.16 ±
0.88 cCD		 33.43 ±
0.27 abA		 79.33 ±
0.67 aA		 18.67 ±
0.33 cC		 9.66 ±
0.22 cC		 9.28 ±
0.11 cC

表5

黑胚病对小麦淀粉粒数目分布的影响"

品种
Cultivar		 地点
Location		 处理
Treatment		 淀粉粒粒径 Diameter of starch granule (μm)
0.1-2.8 2.8-10.0 ≤10.0 >10.0 10.0-20.0 >20.0
豫农902
YN902		 原阳
YY		 Bs 96.01 ±
0.02 bcBC		 3.95 ±
0.05 cdBCD		 99.83 ±
0.00 bcAB		 0.17 ±
0.01 aAB		 0.14 ±
0.01 bB		 0.04 ±
0.00 bAB
CK 97.00 ±
0.01 aA		 2.86 ±
0.14 eD		 99.86 ±
0.01 aA		 0.14 ±
0.00 bC		 0.10 ±
0.00 cC		 0.04 ±
0.00 bAB
商水
SS		 Bs 95.36 ±
0.38 cCD		 4.05 ±
0.06 bcAB		 99.84 ±
0.01 abcAB		 0.17 ±
0.00 aAB		 0.14 ±
0.04 bB		 0.03 ±
0.01 bAB
CK 96.37 ±
0.32 abAB		 3.44 ±
0.29 deCD		 99.86 ±
0.00 aA		 0.14 ±
0.00 bC		 0.11 ±
0.01 cC		 0.03 ±
0.00 bB
豫农912
YN912		 原阳
YY		 Bs 95.65 ±
0.31 cBC		 4.16 ±
0.16 bcABC		 99.83 ±
0.02 abcAB		 0.18 ±
0.00 aAB		 0.14 ±
0.01 bB		 0.04 ±
0.00 abAB
CK 96.00 ±
0.07 bcdBC		 3.97 ±
0.03 bcdBC		 99.87 ±
0.01 aA		 0.14 ±
0.01 bC		 0.10 ±
0.01 cC		 0.04 ±
0.00 bAB
商水
SS		 Bs 95.06 ±
0.18 dD		 5.01 ±
0.01 aA		 99.78 ±
0.01 cB		 0.23 ±
0.11 aA		 0.17 ±
0.04 aA		 0.06 ±
0.01 aA
CK 95.33 ±
0.31 cCD		 4.25 ±
0.38 abAB		 99.86 ±
0.01 abAB		 0.14 ±
0.12 bBC		 0.11 ±
0.09 cC		 0.03 ±
0.00 bAB

图1

放大3000倍淀粉粒扫描电镜图 处理和缩写同表1。"

表6

黑胚病对小麦淀粉糊化特性的影响"

品种
Cultivar		 地点
Location		 处理
Treatment		 峰值黏度
Peak viscosity		 低谷黏度
Trough viscosity		 最终黏度
Final viscosity		 稀懈值
Break down		 回生值
Setback
豫农902
YN902		 原阳YY Bs 1943.13 ± 11.23 eE 1470.00 ± 8.42 dD 2726.54 ± 12.90 eD 473.14 ± 3.89 fF 1256.55 ± 13.05 dC
CK 2828.64 ± 15.36 bB 1901.89 ± 19.90 bB 3296.07 ± 28.15 bB 926.73 ± 15.65 bB 1394.16 ± 14.42 bB
商水SS Bs 1812.91 ± 20.78 fF 1169.22 ± 9.44 eE 2194.73 ± 18.25 fE 643.64 ± 11.68 eE 1025.46 ± 11.11 fE
CK 2890.60 ± 19.35 bB 1873.22 ± 14.87 bB 3198.77 ± 39.42 cB 1017.43 ± 15.55 aA 1325.60 ± 28.37 cC
豫农912
YN912		 原阳YY Bs 2613.81 ± 21.08 dD 1794.78 ± 19.18 cC 3033.52 ± 16.07 dC 819.04 ± 4.83 cC 1238.79 ± 8.74 dC
CK 2987.51 ± 22.67 aA 2025.22 ± 10.57 aA 3744.44 ± 19.26 aA 962.18 ± 14.60 bAB 1719.11 ± 10.45 aA
商水SS Bs 1889.76 ± 11.34 eE 1187.00 ± 14.74 eE 2239.62 ± 26.98 fE 702.78 ± 7.96 dD 1052.65 ± 15.13 fE
CK 2717.17 ± 16.72 cC 1903.88 ± 15.94 bB 3037.86 ± 26.34 dC 813.29 ± 8.79 cC 1133.98 ± 11.43 eD
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