作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (8): 2164-2175.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51005
宋改利,王璐倩,屈柯飞,唐建卫,董纯豪,黄振朴,高艳,牛吉山,殷贵鸿*,李巧云*
SONG Gai-Li,WANG Lu-Qian,QU Ke-Fei,TANG Jian-Wei,DONG Chun-Hao,HUANG Zhen-Pu,GAO Yan, NIU,Ji-Shan,YIN Gui-Hong*,LI Qiao-Yun*
摘要:
小麦黑胚病在世界范围内频繁发生,严重影响小麦的产量与品质。为明确黑胚病对小麦淀粉品质的影响,本研究以黄淮麦区小麦黑胚病主要病原菌Bipolaris sorokiniana为致病菌、采用孢子液喷洒方法对2个中筋小麦进行接种,以自然大田条件收获的籽粒为对照(CK),研究黑胚病对淀粉含量、粒度分布与糊化特性的影响。结果显示,黑胚病导致总淀粉与支链淀粉含量降低,直链淀粉含量增加;与CK相比,黑胚粒的总淀粉与支链淀粉分别降低7.40%与13.56%,直链淀粉含量增加9.72%,支/直比下降21.22%;黑胚病抑制了B型淀粉粒的产生和生长,使小麦B型淀粉粒体积、表面积及数目百分比显著降低,其中主要影响1.0~2.8 μm的淀粉粒,A型淀粉粒体积、表面积百分比显著增加,以影响10.0~20.0 μm的淀粉粒为主;黑胚病导致面粉黏度参数显著降低,黑胚粒的峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度、稀懈值和回生值分别比CK降低27.70%、28.49%、23.22%、26.00%与15.71%。可见,B. sorokiniana黑胚病改变了中筋小麦的淀粉含量与粒度分布,导致糊化参数降低、淀粉品质劣化。
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