大麦干旱胁迫萌发生理及分子机理的差异性与相关性研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41079

作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (9): 2412-2432.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41079

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

大麦干旱胁迫萌发生理及分子机理的差异性与相关性研究

何鹏旭¹^,^2,**(), 姚立蓉¹^,²^,^*,^**(), 陈远玲¹^,², 闫妍¹^,², 张宏¹^,², 汪军成¹^,², 李葆春¹^,³, 杨轲¹^,², 司二静¹^,², 孟亚雄¹^,², 马小乐¹^,², 王化俊¹^,²

¹省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室 / 甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730070
²甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
³甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院, 甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2024-11-12 接受日期:2025-06-01 出版日期:2025-09-12 网络出版日期:2025-06-19
通讯作者: ^*姚立蓉, E-mail: ylr0384@163.com
作者简介:何鹏旭, E-mail: hpx306080@163.com
^**同等贡献
基金资助:
本研究由东西部科技协作专项(25CXNA030);甘肃农业大学大学生创新训练项目(202501077);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-05-02A-02);国家重点实验室开放基金项目(GSCS-2021-02);甘肃省现代农业产业技术体系(麦类作物)(Triticeae Crops);甘肃农业大学公招博士科研启动项目(GAU-KYQD-2022-10);甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-12);甘肃农业大学伏羲青年英才计划(GAUfx-04Y011);甘肃农业大学伏羲青年英才计划(Gaufx-03Y06);甘肃省陇原青年英才项目(2023)资助

Differences and correlations in physiological and molecular mechanisms of barley germination under drought stress

HE Peng-Xu¹^,^2,**(), YAO Li-Rong¹^,²^,^*,**(), CHEN Yuan-Ling¹^,², YAN Yan¹^,², ZHANG Hong¹^,², WANG Jun-Cheng¹^,², LI Bao-Chun¹^,³, YANG Ke¹^,², SI Er-Jing¹^,², MENG Ya-Xiong¹^,², MA Xiao-Le¹^,², WANG Hua-Jun¹^,²

¹State key laboratory of Aridland Crop Science / The State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou730070, Gansu, China
²College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou730070, Gansu, China
³College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou730070, Gansu, China

Received:2024-11-12 Accepted:2025-06-01 Published:2025-09-12 Published online:2025-06-19
Contact: ^*E-mail: ylr0384@163.com
About author:^**Contributed equally to this work
Supported by:
East West Science and Technology Cooperation Special Project(25CXNA030);Innovative Training Program of Gansu Agricultural University(202501077);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-05-02A-02);State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science Open Fund(GSCS-2021-02);Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System in Gansu Province(Triticeae Crops);Scientific Research Start-up Funds for Openly-recuited Doctors of Gansu Agricultural University(GAU-KYQD-2022-10);Industrial Support Project of Colleges and Universities in Gansu Province(2021CYZC-12);Fuxi Young Talents Fund of Gansu Agricultural University(GAUfx-04Y011);Fuxi Young Talents Fund of Gansu Agricultural University(Gaufx-03Y06);Gansu Province Longyuan Youth Talent Project

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 干旱是大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)生长发育中面临的重要逆境, 可对种子萌发期、开花期等各个生长阶段造成不可逆影响。为了探究干旱胁迫下不同大麦种质资源的萌发特性, 本试验采用蛭石控水法对54份大麦种质资源萌发特性进行研究。将54份种质资源干旱萌发特性分为好、较好、中等、较差和差5类, 干旱萌发特性中等的种质资源占比最高(37.04%)。E02703897和ZDM5430等7份干旱萌发特性好的种质资源, 种子萌发速度快, 出苗整齐且幼苗健壮; 08京134和资源136-21490058等6份萌发特性差的种质资源, 种子发芽率较低, 萌发时间分散, 幼苗整齐度差。进一步筛选出干旱萌发特性差异显著的6份种质资源E02703897、ZDM5430、7DCADA、Z1920057W、菲特36和资源69-G231M004M进行干旱胁迫下种子萌发过程中生理生化指标、DNA损伤修复分析。结果表明, 干旱萌发特性好的大麦种质资源在干旱萌发中期HVFPG基因表达量与干旱萌发前期HVOGG1基因表达量低于干旱萌发特性差的种质资源。萌发特性好的种质资源干旱萌发前期和中期POD活性受干旱影响较小; 萌发前期SOD、半胱氨酸蛋白酶活性受干旱影响较小; 干旱萌发6 h可溶性糖含量与对照相比无显著差异。萌发特性差的种质资源干旱萌发中期POD活性极显著低于对照, 菲特36干旱萌发过程中可溶性糖含量均极显著低于对照。综上结果表明, 干旱萌发特性好的种质资源在干旱萌发过程中DNA损伤程度小、抗氧化能力和物质转化能力强, 种子萌芽速度快, 幼苗生长质量好。

关键词: 大麦, 干旱胁迫, 种子萌发, DNA修复能力, 物质转化, 抗氧化能力

Abstract:

Drought is a major abiotic stress affecting the growth and development of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), with potentially irreversible impacts across all growth stages, including seed germination and flowering. To investigate the germination responses of diverse barley germplasm under drought stress, this study employed a vermiculite-based water control method to evaluate the germination characteristics of 54 barley germplasm accessions. Based on drought tolerance during germination, the accessions were classified into five categories: excellent, good, moderate, poor, and very poor, with the highest proportion (37.04%) falling into the moderate group. Seven accessions with strong drought tolerance during germination, such as E0270389 and ZDM5430, exhibited rapid germination, uniform emergence, and vigorous seedling growth. In contrast, six accessions with poor drought tolerance, including 08 Jing 134 and Ziyuan136-21490058, showed low germination rates, asynchronous emergence, and poor seedling uniformity. Six representative accessions (E0270389, ZDM5430, 7DCADA, Z1920057W, Feite 36, and ZY69-G231M004M) with significantly different drought germination characteristics were further analyzed for physiological and biochemical parameters, as well as DNA damage repair mechanisms during germination under drought conditions. The results revealed that accessions with good drought tolerance had lower expression of HvFPG during mid-germination and lower HvOGG1 expression during early germination compared to drought-sensitive accessions. In addition, these drought-tolerant accessions maintained higher peroxidase (POD) activity during early and middle germination stages, and showed less reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cysteine protease activities before germination. Soluble sugar content at 6 hours after drought induction did not differ significantly from the control. In contrast, drought-sensitive accessions exhibited significantly reduced POD activity during mid-germination and a marked decrease in soluble sugar content, as observed in Feite 36. In summary, barley germplasm with good drought tolerance during germination demonstrated enhanced DNA repair capacity, antioxidant activity, and metabolic adaptability under drought stress, leading to faster germination and healthier seedling development.

Key words: barley, drought stress, seed germination, DNA repair capacity, material transformation, antioxidant capacity

何鹏旭, 姚立蓉, 陈远玲, 闫妍, 张宏, 汪军成, 李葆春, 杨轲, 司二静, 孟亚雄, 马小乐, 王化俊. 大麦干旱胁迫萌发生理及分子机理的差异性与相关性研究[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(9): 2412-2432.

HE Peng-Xu, YAO Li-Rong, CHEN Yuan-Ling, YAN Yan, ZHANG Hong, WANG Jun-Cheng, LI Bao-Chun, YANG Ke, SI Er-Jing, MENG Ya-Xiong, MA Xiao-Le, WANG Hua-Jun. Differences and correlations in physiological and molecular mechanisms of barley germination under drought stress[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(9): 2412-2432.

图/表 16

表1

表2

附表1

正常条件下不同大麦种质资源发芽生长指标的差异比较"

指标 Index	类别 Category	品种数量 Number of cultivars	品种名称 Cultivar name	指标范围 Index range
发芽势GE (%)	显著高 Significantly higher	10	BGLAHA, IL-34, 资源71-CA2, 21099-2316, 金山本地大麦, 71200TTN, ZDM5430, 7DCADA, ZDM5458, IL-54 BGLAHA, IL-34, ZY71-CA2, 21099-2316, JSBD barley, 71200TTN, ZDM5430, 7DCADA, ZDM5458, IL-54	> 99%
	显著低 Significantly lower	7	G0587125V, DM-1300, 资源69-G231M004M, 资源144-C7067705, 菲特36, G0584001, 7极亲本抗病154 G0587125V, DM-1300, ZY69-G231M004M, ZY144-C7067705, FT 36, G0584001, 7JQBKB154	< 90%
发芽率GP (%)	显著高 Significantly higher	17	BGLA HA, 黑龙江, EDM5189, IL-36, IL-34, G0584001, 资源- 173-3289, 资源136-21490058, 资源71-CA2, 21099-2316, 金山本地大麦, 71200TTN, ZDM5430, 7DCADA, ZDM5458, EZ04V021W, IL-54 BGLA HA, HLJ, EDM5189, IL-36, IL-34, G0584001, ZY-173- 3289, ZY136-21490058, ZY71-CA2, 21099-2316, JSBD barley, 71200TTN, ZDM5430, 7DCADA, ZDM5458, EZ04V021W, IL-54	100%
	显著低 Significantly lower	7	118ZDM5512, 沾益红毛大麦, IL-49, ZYM21, 7极亲本抗病154, IL-48, IL-20 118ZDM5512, ZYHM barley, IL-49, ZYM21, 7JQBKB154, IL-48, IL-20	< 95%
发芽指数GI	显著高 Significantly higher	6	资源71-CA2, Z1920057W, 21099-2316, 金山本地大麦, 71200TTN, E02703897 ZY71-CA2, Z1920057W, 21099-2316, JSBD Barley, 71200TTN, E02703897	> 30
	显著低 Significantly lower	5	资源69-G231M004M, 资源144-C7067705, 菲特36, G0584001, G0401018K-1 ZY69-G231M004M, ZY144-C7067705, FT36, G0584001, G0401018K-1	< 22
活力指数VI	显著高 Significantly higher	4	Z1920057W, 21099-2316, E02703897, 7DCADA	> 0.5
	显著低 Significantly lower	3	资源69-G231M004M, 资源144-C7067705, 菲特36 ZY69-G231M004M, ZY144-C7067705, FT36	< 0.4
单株干重SSDW (mg)	显著高 Significantly higher	8	GR5-419网8, BM13-007413, ZYM21, Z1920057W, 21099-2316, ZDM5430, E02703897, 7DCADA GR5-419W8, BM13-007413, ZYM21, Z1920057W, 21099-2316, ZDM5430, E02703897, 7DCADA	> 17
	显著低 Significantly lower	2	资源144-C7067705, IL-48 ZY144-C7067705, IL-48	< 15
根长RL (cm)	显著高 Significantly higher	5	118ZDM5512, 2117W46V, BE-ATRJX, GR5-419网8, ZDM5430 118ZDM5512, 2117W46V, BE-ATRJX, GR5-419W8, ZDM5430	> 12.4
	显著低 Significantly lower	3	资源69-G231M004M, 资源144-C7067705, 菲特36 ZY69-G231M004M, ZY144-C7067705, FT36	< 10.2
苗长SL (cm)	显著高 Significantly higher	3	金山本地大麦, ZDM5430, ZYM21 JSBD barley, ZDM5430, ZYM21	> 11.5
	显著低 Significantly lower	1	08京134 08J134	< 6
根冠比R/S	显著高 Significantly higher	4	2117W46V, 08京134, IL-48, IL-54 2117W46V, 08J134, IL-48, IL-54	> 1.6
	显著低 Significantly lower	3	资源69-G231M004M, 资源144-C7067705, 菲特36 ZY69-G231M004M, ZY144-C7067705, FT36	< 0.8

附表1

附表2

干旱条件下不同大麦种质资源发芽生长指标的差异比较"

指标 Index	类别 Category	品种数量 Number of cultivars	品种名称 Cultivar name	指标范围 Index range
发芽势GE (%)	显著高 Significantly higher	4	黄茫大麦92, 资源71-CA2, 21099-2316, 金山本地大麦 HM barley 92, ZY71-CA2, 21099-2316, JSBD barley	> 95%
	显著低 Significantly lower	11	Z1450066W, 丹青4号, EDM5189, BM13-007413, ZW20400211W, 资源144-C7067705, 菲特36, IL-12, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W, IL-48 Z1450066W, DQ4, EDM5189, BM13-007413, ZW20400211W, ZY144- C7067705, FT36, IL-12, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W, IL-48	< 70%
发芽率GP (%)	显著高 Significantly higher	6	黄茫大麦92, 资源71-CA2, 21099-2316, 金山本地大麦, ZDM5430, E02703897 HM barley 92, ZY71-CA2, 21099-2316, JSBD barley, ZDM5430, E02703897	> 98%
	显著低 Significantly lower	8	Z1450066W, BM13-007413, ZW20400211W, 资源144-C7067705, 菲特36, IL-12, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W Z1450066W, BM13-007413, ZW20400211W, ZY144-C7067705, FT36, IL-12, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W	< 95%
发芽指数GI	显著高 Significantly higher	5	资源71-CA2, Z1920057W, 金山本地大麦, 71200TTN, E02703897 ZY71-CA2, Z1920057W, JSBD barley, 71200TTN, E02703897	> 25
	显著低 Significantly lower	9	Z1450066W, EDM5189, ZW20400211W, 资源144-C7067705, 菲特36, IL-12, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W, IL-48 Z1450066W, EDM5189, ZW20400211W, ZY144-C7067705, FT36, IL-12, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W, IL-48	< 21
活力指数VI	显著高 Significantly higher	3	Z1920057W, 金山本地大麦, E02703897 Z1920057W, JSBD Barley, E02703897	> 0.4
	显著低 Significantly lower	11	Z1450066W, EDM5189, 菲特36, 资源136-21490058, IL-12, 7极亲本抗病154, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W, IL-48, IL-20, IL-54 Z1450066W, EDM5189, FT36, ZY136-21490058, IL-12, 7JQBKB154, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W, IL-48, IL-20, IL-54	< 0.3
单株干重SSDW (mg)	显著高 Significantly higher	8	资源71-CA2, ZYM21, Z1920057W, 21099-2316, 金山本地大麦, ZDM5430, E02703897, 7DCADA ZY71-CA2, ZYM21, Z1920057W, 21099-2316, JSBD barley, ZDM5430, E02703897, 7DCADA	> 15
	显著低 Significantly lower	20	Z1450066W, EDM5189, BM13-007413, 资源69-G231M004M, ZY 144-C7067, 菲特36, G0584001, 2046R0805, BONC785, ZY 136-21490, G0401018K-1, ZDM5458, IL-12, 7极亲本抗病154, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W, 08京134, IL-48, IL-20, IL-54 Z1450066W, EDM5189, BM13-007413, ZY69-G231M004M, ZY 144- C7067, FT36, G0584001, 2046R0805, BONC785, ZY 136-21490, G0401018K-1, ZDM5458, IL-12, 7JQBKB154, Z133V057W, EZ04V021W, 08J134, IL-48, IL-20, IL-54	< 12
根长RL (cm)	显著高 Significantly higher	4	黄茫大麦92, ZYM21, ZDM5430, E02703897 HM barley92, ZYM21, ZDM5430, E02703897	> 10.2
	显著低 Significantly lower	8	ZY 69-G231M, 菲特36, 2046R0805, G0401018K-1, IL-12, EZ04V021W, IL-20, IL-54 ZY 69-G231M, FT36, 2046R0805, G0401018K-1, IL-12, EZ04V021W, IL-20, IL-54	< 6.2
苗长SL (cm)	显著高 Significantly higher	4	金山本地大麦, 71200TTN, ZDM5430, E02703897 JSBD barley, 71200TTN, ZDM5430, E02703897	> 6.1
	显著低 Significantly lower	10	EDM5189, BM13-007413, ZY 69-G231M, ZY 144-C7067, G0584001, G0401018K-1, IL-12, 7极亲本抗病154, EZ04V021W, IL-54 EDM5189, BM13-007413, ZY 69-G231M, ZY 144-C7067, G0584001, G0401018K-1, IL-12, 7JQBKB154, EZ04V021W, IL-54	< 3.2
根冠比R/S	显著高 Significantly higher	6	EDM5189, ZDM5458, EZ04V021W, 08京134, IL-20, IL-54 EDM5189, ZDM5458, EZ04V021W, 08J134, IL-20, IL-54	> 2.3
	显著低 Significantly lower	1	EDM390404	< 1.5

附表2

图1

附表3

附表4

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

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基因号 Gene ID	基因名称 Gene name	上游引物序列 Upstream primer sequence (5'-3')	下游引物序列 Downstream primer sequence (5'-3')
EF101498.1	Actin	GCAACAGATCAGCACACTTCCA	GCTGACCCTGGTACTCCATTGT
LOC123424347	FPG	TTGTCAGAGCCTGGCCATTT	ACCTTCAGCAACCCCCAAAA
LOC123442698	OGG1	CATCGCACGGATCGAGAAGA	GCCAGCAACATACTTTGCCC

指标 Index	变异来源 Source of variation	基因型 Genotype	处理 Treatment	基因型×处理 Genotype × treatment
发芽势GE (%)	方差SS	132,851.200	225,625.000	13,399.074
	自由度DF	53	1	53
	均方差MS	2506.626	225,625.000	2460.360
	F值F-value	30.57^***	2751.662^***	30.006^***
发芽率GP (%)	方差SS	144,931.859	183,469.444	146,747.222
	自由度DF	53	1	53
	均方差MS	2734.563	183,469.444	2768.816
	F值F-value	30.011^***	2013.537^***	30.387^***
发芽指数GI	方差SS	10,195.863	16,337.371	1457.406
	自由度DF	53	1	53
	均方差MS	192.375	16,337.371	27.498
	F值F-value	88.527^***	7518.092^***	12.654^***
活力指数VI	方差SS	147.866	223.301	17.833
	自由度DF	53	1	53
	均方差MS	2.790	223.301	0.336
	F值F-value	93.957^***	7520.215^***	11.331^***
单株干重SSDW (mg)	方差SS	0.004	0.006	0.001
	自由度DF	53	1	53
	均方差MS	7.6510E-05	0.006	1.7580E-05
	F值F-value	45.705^***	3552.814^***	10.501^***
根长RL (cm)	方差SS	1287.199	1441.165	245.208
	自由度DF	53	1	53
	均方差MS	24.287	1441.165	4.627
	F值F-value	71.640^***	4251.089^***	13.647^***
苗长SL (cm)	方差SS	1143.616	3170.514	155.539
	自由度DF	53	1	53
	均方差MS	21.578	3170.514	2.935
	F值F-value	62.020^***	9112.909^***	8.435^***
根冠比 R/S	方差SS	1258.209	468.934	1271.404
	自由度DF	53	1	53
	均方差MS	23.740	468.934	23.989
	F值F-value	4.598^***	90.816^***	4.646^***

指标 Index	降幅 Decrease amplitude	品种数量 Number of cultivars	品种名称 Cultivar name
发芽势GE (%)	无影响No effect	4	黄茫大麦92, ZYM21, Z1920057W, ZY 71-CA2 HM barley 92, ZYM21, Z1920057W, ZY 71-CA2
发芽率GP (%)	无影响No effect	6	IL-49, ZY 71-CA2, 21099-2316, 金山本地大麦, ZDM5430, E02703897 IL-49, ZY 71-CA2, 21099-2316, JSBD barley, ZDM5430, E02703897
发芽指数GI	< 33%	3	金山本地大麦, 71200TTN, E02703897 JSBD barley, 71200TTN, E02703897
活力指数VI	< 44%	5	黄茫大麦92, 金山本地大麦, ZDM5430, E02703897, 7DCADA HM barley 92, JSBD Barley, ZDM5430, E02703897, 7DCADA
单株干重SSDW (mg)	< 13%	4	IL-48, IL-54, IL-20, EZ04V021W
根长RL (cm)	< 16%	3	ZY 144-C7067, ZY 71-CA2, ZYM21
苗长SL (cm)	< 38%	3	黄茫大麦92, 金山本地大麦, 71200TTN HM barley 92, JSBD barley, 71200TTN

指标 Index	降幅 Decrease amplitude	品种数量 Number of cultivars	品种名称 Cultivar name
发芽势GE (%)	40%-50%	4	118ZDM5512, BGLA HA, 33329, DM-1300
发芽率GP (%)	60%-80%	3	ZDM5160, TRADI70W, BONC785
发芽指数GI	60%-70%	8	BE-ATRJX, 118ZDM5512, GR5-419网8, BGLA HA, 沾益红毛大麦, IL-53, GERTR0V, 33329 BE-ATRJX, 118ZDM5512, GR5-419W8, BGLA HA, ZYHM Barley, IL-53, GERTR0V, 33329
活力指数VI	60%-75%	12	E03V005W, IL-49, IL-36, IL-3, Z145V020W, IL-34, 21099-2316, 33329, BGLA HA, GERTR0V, 黑龙江, DM-1300 E03V005W, IL-49, IL-36, IL-3, Z145V020W, IL-34, 21099-2316, 33329, BGLA HA, GERTR0V, HLJ, DM-1300
单株干重SSDW (g)	40%-60%	9	BE-ATRJX, 118ZDM5512, ZDM5160, GR5-419网8, TRADI70W, 33329, IL-3, DM-1300, ZY 144-C7067 BE-ATRJX, 118ZDM5512, ZDM5160, GR5-419W8, TRADI70W, 33329, IL-3, DM-1300, ZY 144-C7067
根长RL (cm)	30%-35%	6	GR5-419网8, TRADI70W, GERTR0V, E03V005W, IL-3, DM-1300 GR5-419W8, TRADI70W, GERTR0V, E03V005W, IL-3, DM-1300
苗长SL (cm)	52%-60%	5	沾益红毛大麦, 黑龙江, E03V005W, IL-3, Z145V020W ZYHM barley, HLJ, E03V005W, IL-3, Z145V020W

大麦干旱胁迫萌发生理及分子机理的差异性与相关性研究

Differences and correlations in physiological and molecular mechanisms of barley germination under drought stress

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