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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (10): 2927-2938.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.64008

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

薏苡种间杂种F1表型和脂肪酸含量遗传特性分析

李祥栋1,2(), 郑传奇1, 陆秀娟1, 郭超2, 魏心元1, 刘敏轩3,*()   

  1. 1 黔西南州农业林业科学研究院, 贵州兴义 562400
    2 四川农业大学玉米研究所, 四川成都 600031
    3 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 作物基因资源与育种全国重点实验室, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-20 接受日期:2026-07-15 出版日期:2026-10-12 网络出版日期:2026-07-23
  • 通讯作者: 刘敏轩, E-mail: liuminxuan@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:李祥栋,E-mail: lixiangdongsiji@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省级财政种业发展项目(黔财农[2025]10号);四川省自然科学基金项目(2023NSFSC0216);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(2060299)

Analysis of inheritance patterns for phenotypic traits and fatty acid content in F1 interspecific hybrids of adlay (Coix L.)

Li Xiang-Dong1,2(), Zheng Chuan-Qi1, Lu Xiu-Juan1, Guo Chao2, Wei Xin-Yuan1, Liu Min-Xuan3,*()   

  1. 1 Southwest Guizhou Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xingyi 562400, Guizhou, China
    2 Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 600031, Sichuan, China
    3 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2026-01-20 Accepted:2026-07-15 Published:2026-10-12 Published online:2026-07-23
  • Contact: Liu Min-Xuan, E-mail: liuminxuan@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    Provincial Financial Seed Industry Development Projects in Guizhou (Qiancainong [2025]10);Natural Science Fund of Sichuan(2023NSFSC0216);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2060299)

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摘要：

本研究以5个薏苡地方品种为母本、念珠薏苡CL91为共同父本, 配制5个杂交组合, 分析F1主要表型性状及游离脂肪酸含量的中亲优势及超高亲优势特点, 旨在为薏苡的种间渐渗改良及杂种优势利用提供依据。基于13个表型性状的聚类结果显示, JZCL、JFCL、JNCL和BCL四个F1杂种表型更倾向于母本, WYCL则更倾向于父本。8个农艺性状的中亲优势和超高亲优势范围分别为-30.6%~90.2%和-48.1%~77.3%, 整体上多表现为正向中亲优势, 少部分组合在特定性状中表现为超亲遗传的特点。5个F1总苞性状的中亲优势和超高亲优势范围分别为-5.3%~52.7%和-32.7%~9.5%, 而且总苞大小和形状介于双亲之间且多表现为正向中亲优势, 超高亲优势整体为负值。在5个杂交组合及其亲本的种仁中共检测出22种游离脂肪酸, 其中不饱和脂肪酸8种, 饱和脂肪酸14种; 亚油酸(C18-2n6c)、油酸(C18-1n9c)、棕榈酸(C16-0)和硬脂酸(C18-0)是4种含量最高的主要单体成分, 而且在5个杂种F1及其双亲中存在显著差异。杂种JNCL和WYCL的多个脂肪酸单体及总含量表现出明显的杂种优势和超亲遗传, 而JZCL、JFCL和BCL的脂肪酸含量杂种优势弱。“念珠薏苡×薏米”种间杂种在株高、着粒层等与植株形态和发育相关性状具有较为广泛的中亲优势, 且“亚热带(热带) ×温带”杂交模式在植株生长势方面的杂种优势更强, JNYM和WY02可作为高油脂改良品种的重要基础亲本材料。

关键词: F1杂种, 农艺性状, 脂肪酸, 中亲优势, 超高亲优势, 薏苡属

Abstract:

This study aimed to elucidate the heterosis and inheritance patterns of major phenotypic traits and fatty acid contents in F1 interspecific hybrids derived from Coix lacryma-jobi var. maxima Makino×Coix chinensis var. chinensis, thereby providing a foundation for interspecific introgression breeding and heterosis utilization in adlay. Five cross combinations were developed using the common male parent CL91 and five local varieties as female parents, and mid-parent heterosis and higher-parent heterosis were calculated for major agronomic traits, involucre traits, and free fatty acid contents. Cluster analysis based on 13 phenotypic traits showed that four F1 hybrids, JZCL, JFCL, JNCL, and BCL, were morphologically more similar to their female parents, whereas WYCL more closely resembled the male parent. For the eight agronomic traits, mid-parent heterosis and higher-parent heterosis ranged from -30.6% to 90.2% and from -48.1% to 77.3%, respectively. Overall, most cross combinations showed positive mid-parent heterosis, whereas only a few exhibited higher-parent inheritance for specific traits. For the five involucre traits, mid-parent heterosis and higher-parent heterosis ranged from -5.3% to 52.7% and from -32.7% to 9.5%, respectively. Involucre size and shape generally fell between those of the male and female parents, with predominantly positive mid-parent heterosis, whereas higher-parent heterosis was consistently negative. A total of 22 free fatty acids were detected in adlay seeds, including 8 unsaturated and 14 saturated fatty acids. Linoleic acid (C18-2n6c), oleic acid (C18-1n9c), palmitic acid (C16-0), and stearic acid (C18-0) were the most abundant fatty acids and varied significantly among the five F1 hybrids and their parents. The hybrids JNCL and WYCL exhibited pronounced heterosis and higher-parent inheritance for multiple fatty acids and total fatty acid content, whereas JZCL, JFCL, and BCL showed relatively weak heterosis for fatty acid content. The interspecific hybrids of Coix lacryma-jobi var. maxima Makino×Coix chinensis var. chinensis exhibited broad mid-parent heterosis in plant morphology and developmental traits, such as plant height and grain layer number, indicating that F1 plants were generally more vigorous under the “subtropical/tropical×temperate” crossing pattern. In addition, JNYM and WY02 could serve as valuable parental lines for fatty acid improvement in adlay breeding programs.

Key words: F1 hybrids, agronomic trait, fatty acid, mid-parent heterosis, higher-parent heterosis, Coix L.

表1

供试亲本材料信息"

编号No. 名称Name 植物学分类Taxonomy 类型Type 来源Origin
CL91 江苏川谷Jiangsuchuangu 念珠薏苡Coix lacryma-jobi var. maxima Makino 野生Wild 中国江苏Jiangsu, China
JZYM 锦州薏米Jinzhouyimi 薏米Coix chinensis var. chinensis Tod. 栽培Cultivar 中国辽宁
Liaoning, China
JNYM 济南薏米Jinanyimi 薏米Coix chinensis var. chinensis Tod. 栽培Cultivar 中国山东
Shandong, China
JF19-41 冀辐19-41 Jifu 19-41 薏米Coix chinensis var. chinensis Tod. 栽培Cultivar 中国河北Hebei, China
WY02 皖薏2号Wanyi 2 薏米Coix chinensis var. chinensis Tod. 栽培Cultivar 中国安徽Anhui, China
BYM 白薏米Baiyimi 薏米Coix chinensis var. chinensis Tod. 栽培Cultivar 中国四川Sichuan, China

图1

薏苡杂交组合配置及总苞特征 缩写同表1。编号JZCL、JNCL、JFCL、WYCL和BCL分别为杂交组合JZYM (♀)×CL91 (♂)、JNYM (♀)×CL91 (♂)、JF19-41 (♀)×CL91 (♂)、WY02 (♀)×CL91 (♂)和BYM (♀)×CL91 (♂)。"

图2

杂种F1与亲本聚类分析以及亲本材料的表型特点 缩写同表1和图1。"

表2

双亲及F1杂种的农艺性状平均值"

编号
No.		 PH
(cm)		 GL
(cm)		 MSD
(cm)		 LL
(cm)		 WL
(cm)		 TT NMS BN
CL91 49.0 49.0 4.3 31.3 3.3 6.3 6.0 2.0
JZYM 138.7 132.8 7.3 34.3 3.5 7.3 6.3 2.0
JNYM 153.7 143.7 7.1 34.7 3.4 5.7 9.0 2.0
JF19-41 81.3 81.3 6.4 26.2 2.6 10.3 7.3 2.0
WY02 171.7 161.7 8.2 44.7 3.7 4.3 9.3 2.0
BYM 208.3 111.7 9.6 44.0 4.4 5.7 10.0 5.0
JZCL 72.0 72.0 4.0 31.3 3.1 13.0 6.0 2.0
JNCL 103.3 103.3 7.9 46.0 4.5 6.4 8.0 2.0
JFCL 103.0 103.0 5.2 32.3 3.0 8.0 7.7 2.0
WYCL 95.3 95.3 8.9 40.0 3.4 8.7 7.3 2.0
BCL 160.7 150.7 9.4 42.7 4.1 8.7 8.0 5.0

表3

双亲及F1杂种的总苞性状平均值"

编号No. HFW (g) IL (mm) IW (mm) IP (mm) IR IL/IW
CL91 39.3 11.0 11.3 39.0 0.9 1.0
JZYM 14.3 11.6 7.2 30.8 0.6 1.6
JNYM 10.2 9.6 6.7 26.7 0.6 1.4
JF19-41 11.8 10.2 5.4 29.1 0.6 1.9
WY02 6.2 9.6 6.1 24.5 0.7 1.6
BYM 6.9 8.9 6.7 26.1 0.7 1.3
JZCL 40.9 12.0 10.2 37.1 0.8 1.2
JNCL 31.0 11.5 9.5 34.6 0.8 1.2
JFCL 27.5 10.3 8.5 32.2 0.8 1.2
WYCL 26.4 10.6 8.5 33.6 0.8 1.2
BCL 26.7 10.6 9.3 32.4 0.8 1.1

表4

薏苡杂种F1主要农艺性状的杂种优势"

编号No. 中亲优势Mid-parent heterosis (%) 超高亲优势Higher-parent heterosis (%)
PH GL MSD LL LW TT NSM BN PH GL MSD LL LW TT NSM BN
JZCL -23.3 -20.8 -30.6 -4.6 -9.4 90.2 -2.7 0 -48.1 -45.8 -44.7 -8.7 -12.4 77.3 -5.3 0
JNCL 2.0 7.3 38.2 39.4 35.7 6.7 6.7 0 -32.8 -28.1 -6.9 0 -6.1 1.1 -11.1 0
JFCL 58.1 58.1 -4.1 12.5 1.7 -4.0 15.8 0 26.6 26.6 -20.0 23.6 13.9 -22.6 5.5 0
WYCL -13.6 -9.5 42.3 5.3 -1.0 62.5 -4.3 0 -44.5 -41.0 8.6 -10.4 -6.4 36.8 -21.4 0
BCL 24.9 87.6 35.1 13.3 7.8 44.4 0 42.9 -22.9 34.9 -2.0 -3.0 -6.1 36.8 -20.0 0

表5

薏苡杂种F1总苞性状的杂种优势"

编号No. 中亲优势Mid-parent heterosis (%) 超高亲优势Higher-parent heterosis (%)
HFW IL IW IP IR HFW IL IW IP IR
JZCL 52.7 25.5 7.8 16.3 16.0 4.2 -20.9 -29.9 -32.7 -31.9
JNCL 6.4 11.5 -2.2 3.4 7.0 9.5 4.5 -5.8 -3.3 -3.1
JFCL 9.8 5.8 1.5 -1.9 3.1 -9.9 -15.9 -25.0 -24.6 -18.1
WYCL 6.4 5.5 -5.3 6.0 -0.3 -4.9 -11.2 -17.3 -13.7 -16.8
BCL 5.6 1.4 6.2 -1.3 -0.2 -10.5 -13.0 -12.7 -14.9 -13.9

图3

薏苡种仁中的游离脂肪酸聚类热图及差异分析 A: 22种游离脂肪酸的聚类热图; B、C、D、E、F分别为JZCL、JNCL、JFCL、WYCL和BCL及其对应双亲主要脂肪酸含量柱状图。TC:总脂肪酸。缩写同表1和图1。*、**、***分别表示在0.05、0.01和0.001水平差异显著; ns表示差异不显著。"

表6

亲本及杂种F1的游离脂肪酸含量"

编号
No.		 物质
Compounds		 含量Content (μg g−1)
CL91 JZYM JNYM JF19-41 WY02 BYM JZCL JNCL JFCL WYCL BCL
C18-3n3c 顺式-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸(α-亚麻酸)
cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (alpha-linolenic acid)		 33.55 35.83 29.60 36.24 43.29 37.28 30.13 39.78 27.58 44.12 33.11
C18-1n9t 反式-9-十八碳烯酸(反式-油酸)
trans-9-octadecenoic acid (trans-oleic acid)		 49.70 33.62 31.70 42.92 46.26 22.11 23.58 40.48 26.38 60.40 30.05
C20-1n9c 顺式-11-二十碳烯酸(花生油酸)
cis-11-eicosenoic acid (gondoic acid)		 15.82 16.16 6.32 11.55 12.83 6.54 9.15 11.43 7.30 18.66 7.75
C18-2n6c 顺式-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(亚油酸)
cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid)		 2042.00 1942.89 1698.19 1886.15 2290.98 1858.07 1778.56 2211.02 1691.89 2649.85 2123.22
C15-0 十五烷酸 Pentadecanoic acid 1.39 1.30 1.99 1.47 1.84 2.63 1.36 1.88 1.24 1.85 1.71
C20-2n6c 顺式-11,14-二十碳二烯酸(HOMO-γ-亚油酸)
cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid (homo-gamma-linoleic acid)		 1.19 1.23 0.90 0.67 1.25 0.64 1.34 1.08 0.86 1.40 0.79
C14-0 十四烷酸(肉豆蔻酸) Tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid) 1.84 2.76 2.16 2.32 3.05 4.04 2.15 2.60 1.94 3.59 2.57
C12-0 十二烷酸(月桂酸) Dodecanoic acid (lauric acid) 0.30 0.31 0.22 0.26 0.29 0.30 0.29 0.31 0.27 0.33 0.28
C23-0 二十三烷酸 Tricosanoic acid 4.84 3.38 6.66 4.42 5.16 8.86 3.82 4.30 3.41 4.63 5.65
C16-0 十六烷酸(棕榈酸) Hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid) 701.00 588.00 690.47 775.87 786.84 818.37 486.04 765.41 554.98 1034.54 709.71
C17-0 十七烷酸(珠光脂酸) Heptadecanoic acid (margaric acid) 2.36 2.05 2.15 2.31 2.77 3.14 1.72 2.38 1.79 3.35 2.22
C22-0 二十二烷酸(山嵛酸) Docosanoic acid (behenic acid) 8.60 7.42 6.36 7.09 7.32 9.46 6.96 7.55 5.15 9.20 7.91
C20-0 二十烷酸(花生酸) Eicosanoic acid (arachidic acid) 24.84 19.08 11.84 18.28 15.57 17.64 13.11 18.96 11.69 30.04 15.38
C21-0 二十一烷酸 Heneicosanoic acid 1.93 1.60 2.62 2.25 2.25 3.17 1.82 1.93 1.53 2.14 2.26
C19-0 十九烷酸 Nonadecanoic acid 2.16 2.17 4.73 3.15 3.67 4.96 1.95 2.83 2.17 3.59 3.04
C24-0 二十四烷酸(木蜡酸) Tetracosanoic acid (lignoceric acid) 10.26 6.96 9.32 7.42 9.27 11.55 8.13 8.76 5.84 9.94 9.60
C18-0 十八烷酸(硬脂酸) Octadecanoic acid (stearic acid) 131.18 121.09 66.46 100.70 90.60 95.07 86.07 115.84 83.14 147.81 104.27
C16-1n7c 顺式-9-十六碳烯酸(棕榈油酸)
cis-9-hexadecenoic acid (palmitoleic acid)		 6.59 3.32 5.50 7.78 12.01 4.16 3.18 9.18 4.19 14.18 6.21
C10-0 癸酸 Decanoic acid 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.12 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.09
C18-1n9c 顺式-9-十八碳烯酸(油酸)
cis-9-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid)		 1241.07 1107.69 650.29 1153.88 1192.90 533.42 671.51 1138.10 709.90 1659.36 742.56
C22-1n9c 顺式-13-二十二碳烯酸(芥酸)
cis-13-docosenoic acid (erucic acid)		 1.04 0.08 0.40 ND 0.03 0.45 0.02 ND 0.44 0.08 0.46
C6-0 己酸 Hexanoic acid 0.19 0.14 0.58 ND 0.06 0.83 ND ND ND ND ND
TC 总脂肪酸 Total fatty acid 4281.93 3897.16 3228.56 4064.80 4528.36 3442.82 3130.97 4383.88 3141.78 5699.16 3808.85

表7

脂肪酸含量的中亲优势与超高亲优势"

编号No. 中亲优势Mid-parent heterosis (%) 超高亲优势Higher-parent heterosis (%)
JZCL JNCL JFCL WYCL BCL JZCL JNCL JFCL WYCL BCL
C18-3n3c -13.1 26.0 -20.9 14.8 -0.6 -15.9 18.6 -23.9 1.9 -11.2
C18-1n9t -43.4 -0.5 -43.0 25.9 -24.6 -52.5 -18.6 -46.9 21.5 -39.5
C20-1n9c -42.8 3.2 -46.7 30.3 -34.3 -43.4 -27.7 -53.9 18.0 -51.0
C18-2n6c -10.7 18.2 -13.9 22.3 1.9 -12.9 8.3 -17.1 15.7 4.0
C15-0 1.7 11.4 -13.3 14.7 10.5 -1.5 -5.6 -15.8 0.5 -34.9
C20-2n6c 10.2 3.1 -7.7 14.2 -20.4 8.3 -9.4 -27.9 11.4 -33.9
C14-0 -6.4 29.8 -6.6 46.7 16.6 -22.0 20.1 -16.3 17.5 -36.3
C12-0 -4.6 18.1 -2.2 11.1 -2.1 -6.1 3.6 -8.3 10.5 -5.5
C23-0 -7.1 -25.2 -26.4 -7.4 7.8 -21.1 -35.4 -29.6 -10.3 -36.1
C16-0 -24.6 10.0 -24.8 39.1 0.6 -30.7 9.2 -28.5 31.5 -13.3
C17-0 -21.9 5.4 -23.5 30.8 -3.1 -27.0 0.8 -24.3 21.3 -29.3
C22-0 -13.1 0.9 -34.4 15.6 -4.2 -19.1 -12.2 -40.2 7.0 -16.4
C20-0 -40.3 3.4 -45.8 48.7 -23.5 -47.2 -23.7 -52.9 20.9 -38.1
C21-0 2.8 -15.1 -26.8 2.2 7.9 -6.0 -26.2 -32.0 -5.1 -28.7
C19-0 -10.0 -17.9 -18.2 23.1 17.0 -10.3 -40.2 -31.2 -2.3 -38.8
C24-0 -5.5 -10.5 -33.9 1.8 -3.4 -20.7 -14.6 -43.0 -3.1 -16.9
C18-0 -31.8 17.2 -28.3 33.3 -11.4 -34.4 -11.7 -36.6 12.7 -20.5
C16-1n7c -35.9 51.8 -41.7 52.4 -3.0 -51.8 39.2 -46.1 18.1 -5.8
C10-0 -5.4 -8.8 -2.5 11.5 -0.9 -6.2 -11.6 -7.4 4.7 -23.8
C18-1n9c -42.8 20.3 -40.7 36.3 -25.1 -45.1 -8.3 -42.8 33.7 -40.2
C22-1n9c -96.2 -100.0 -14.9 -85.8 -38.1 -98.0 -100.0 -57.4 -92.6 -55.2
C6-0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0 -100.0
TC -23.4 16.7 -24.7 29.4 -5.8 -26.9 2.4 -26.6 25.9 -11.0
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