作物学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (12): 1802-1816.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.01802
陈梦云,李晓峰,程金秋,任红茹,梁健,张洪程,霍中洋
CHEN Meng-Yun, LI Xiao-Feng, CHENG Jin-Qiu, REN Hong-Ru, LIANG Jian, ZHANG Hong-Cheng,HUO Zhong-Yang*
摘要:
以江苏优质食味水稻代表性品种南粳5055和南粳46为材料,在总施纯氮量为300 kg hm-2条件下,设置9∶1、8∶2、7∶3、6∶4、5∶5、4∶6共6种基蘖肥与穗肥比例运筹,探讨秸秆全量还田与不同氮肥运筹比例对机插优质食味水稻产量及稻米品质的影响。结果表明,与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆全量还田具有显著的增产效应,南粳5055、南粳46平均增产5.04%、4.64%;随基蘖氮肥占总施氮量比例下降,秸秆全量还田机插粳稻产量呈先增后减趋势,基蘖氮肥与穗氮肥比例为7∶3时,水稻产量最高。秸秆全量还田显著增加了稻米的蛋白质含量,降低了垩白率和垩白度,对改善稻米的外观品质和营养品质有一定作用。秸秆全量还田还有利于蒸煮食味品质的改善,显著提高稻米的崩解值和食味值,显著降低稻米的消减值。提高穗肥占总施氮量的比例可以显著改善稻米的加工和营养品质,提高整精米率,但同时增加了稻米垩白,降低了稻米外观品质,且稻米蒸煮食味品质也有所下降。
[1] Yu Q G, Ye J, Yang S N, Fu J R, Ma J W, Sun W C, Jiang L N, Wang Q, Wang J M. Effects of nitrogen application level on rice nutrient uptake and ammonia volatilization. Rice Sci, 2013, 20: 139–147 [2] 刘建, 魏亚凤, 徐少安. 蘖穗肥氮素配比对水稻产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响. 华中农业大学学报, 2006, 25(3): 223–227 Liu J, Wei Y F, Xu S A. Effects of the ratio of tiller to panicle nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield and quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency. J Huazhong Agric Univ, 2006, 25(3): 223–227 (in Chinese with English abstract) [3] 莫惠栋. 我国稻米品质的改良. 中国农业科学, 1993, 26(4): 8–14 Mo H D. The rice quality improvement in our country. Sci Agric Sin, 1993, 26(4): 8–14 (in Chinese with English abstract) [4] 张春红, 李金州, 张亚东, 朱镇, 赵凌, 王才林. 食味仪测定与感官评价相结合鉴定优质粳稻食味特性. 江苏农业学报, 2009, 25: 958–965 Zhang C H, Li J Z, Zhang Y D, Zhu Z, Zhao L, Wang C L. The combination of measurement of the instrument and sensory evaluation to identify the features of high quality Japonica rice. Jiangsu Agric Sci, 2009, 25: 958–965 (in Chinese with English abstract) [5] 叶全宝, 张洪程, 李华, 霍中洋, 魏海燕, 夏科, 戴其根, 许轲. 施氮水平和栽插密度对粳稻淀粉RVA谱特性的影响. 作物学报, 2005, 31: 124–130 Ye Q B, Zhang H C, Li H, Huo Z Y, Wei H Y, Xia K, Dai Q G, Xu K. Effects of amount of nitrogen applied and planting density on RVA profile characteristic of Japonica rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2005, 31: 124–130 (in Chinese with English abstract) [6] 王艳, 崔晶, 王小波, 赵梅, 朱长娟, 施利利, 张欣. 施肥对中日水稻品系土壤养分及食味品质的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2010, 18(2): 286–289 Wang Y, Cui J, Wang X B, Zhao M, Zhu C J, Shi L L, Zhang X. Effect of fertilization method on soil available nutrients and taste of Japanese and Chinese rice. Chin J Eco-agric, 2010, 18(2): 286–289 (in Chinese with English abstract) [7] 吴建富, 潘晓华, 石庆华. 施氮量对免耕抛栽稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响. 江西农业大学学报, 2011, 33: 1031–1036 Wu J F, Pan X H, Shi Q H. Effect of nitrogen application on yield of no-tillage and cast transplanted rice and its nitrogen absorption. Acta Agric Univ Jiangxiensis, 2011, 33: 1031–1036 (in Chinese with English abstract) [8] 高利伟, 马林, 张卫峰, 王方浩, 马文奇, 张福锁. 中国作物秸秆养分资源数量估算及其利用状况. 农业工程学报, 2009, 25: 173–179 Gao L W, Ma L, Zhang W F, Wang F H, Zhang F S. Estimation of nutrient resource quantity of crop straw and its utilization situation in China. Trans CSAE, 2009, 25: 173–179 (in Chinese with English abstract) [9] Himanshu P R, Singh·A Bhatia·N J. Recycling of rice straw to improve wheat yield and soil fertility and reduce atmospheric pollution. Paddy Water Environ, 2006, 4: 111–117 [10] 袁玲, 张宣, 张静, 杨春蕾, 曹小闯, 吴良欢. 不同栽培方式和秸秆还田对水稻产量和营养品质的影响. 作物学报, 2013, 39: 350–359 Yuan L, Zhang X, Zhang J, Yang C L, Cao X C, Wu L H. Effects of different cultivation methods and straw incorporation on grain yield and nutrition quality of rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39: 350–359 (in Chinese with English abstract) [11] 陈新红, 叶玉秀, 许仁良, 周青, 吴冬梅. 小麦秸秆还田量对水稻产量和品质的影响. 作物杂志, 2009, (1): 54–57 Chen X H, Ye Y X, Xu R L, Zhou Q, Wu D M. Effects of wheat straw returning on rice yield and quality. Crops, 2009, (1): 54–57 (in Chinese with English abstract) [12] 万靓军, 霍中洋, 龚振恺, 张洪程, 林忠成, 戴其根, 许轲. 氮肥运筹对杂交水稻主要品质性状及淀粉RVA谱特征的影响. 作物学报, 2006, 32: 1491–1497 Wan L J, Huo Z Y, Gong Z K, Zhang H C, Lin Z C, Dai Q G, Xu K. Effect of nitrogen application on main quality and RVA profile characters of hybrid rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2006, 32: 1491–1497 (in Chinese with English abstract) [13] 丁得亮, 刘玉亮. 氮肥施用时期和施用量对水稻产量和食味品质的影响. 天津农学院学报, 2008, 15(1): 1–3 Ding D L, Liu Y L. Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer amount and different nitrogen application periods on yield and taste value of rice. J Tianjin Agric Univ, 2008, 15(1): 1–3 (in Chinese with English abstract) [14] 徐国伟, 谈桂露, 王志琴, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 秸秆还田与实地氮肥管理对直播水稻产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42: 2736–2746 Xu G W, Tan G L, Wang Z Q, Liu L J, Yang J C. Effect of wheat-residue application and site-specific nitrogen management on grain yield and quality and nitrogen use efficiency in diect-seeding rice. Sci Agric Sin, 2009, 42: 2736–2746 (in Chinese with English abstract) [15] 王建明, 杨建忠, 何晓艳, 毛华方, 石世杰. 小麦秸秆还田条件下氮肥运筹对水稻产量、品质和氮素利用的影响. 江苏农业科学, 2010, (6): 124–126 Wang J M, Yang J Z, He X Y, Mao H F, Shi S J. Effects of nitrogen application on yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency of rice under wheat residue return. J Agric Sci Jiangsu, 2010, (6): 124–126 (in Chinese with English abstract) [16] 叶文培, 谢小立, 王凯荣, 李志国. 不同时期秸秆还田对水稻生长发育及产量的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2008, 22: 65–70 Ye W P, Xie X L, Wang K R Li Z G. Effect s of rice straw manuring in different periods on growth and yield of rice. Chin J Rice Sci, 2008, 22: 65–70 (in Chinese with English abstract) [17] 陈新红, 韩正光, 叶玉秀, 张安存, 王哲, 周青. 麦草全量机械还田对机插水稻产量和生长特性的影响. 西北农业学报, 2013, 22(8): 38–41 Chen X H, Han Z G, Ye Y X, Zhang A C, Wang Z, Zhou Q. Effects of wheat-residue application on grain yield and growth characteristics in mechanical transplanting rice. Acta Agric Boreali-occident Sin, 2013, 22(8): 38–41 (in Chinese with English abstract) [18] 徐国伟. 种植方式、秸秆还田与实地氮肥管理对水稻产量与品质的影响及其生理的研究. 扬州大学博士学位论文, 江苏扬州, 2007 Xu G W. Effect of Planting Patterns, Straw Application and Site-specific Nitrogen Management on Grain Yield and Quality of Rice and Their Physiological Mechanism. PhD Dissertation of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, 2007(in Chinese with English abstract) [19] 胡雅杰, 朱大伟, 邢志鹏, 龚金龙, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. 改进施氮运筹对水稻产量和氮素吸收利用的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21: 12–22 Hu Y J, Zhu D W, Xing Z P, Gong J L, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Guo B W. Modifying nitrogen fertilization ratio to increase the yield and nitrogen uptake of super japonica rice. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2015, 21: 12–22 (in Chinese with English abstract) [20] 刘世平, 聂新涛, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲. 免耕套种与秸秆还田对水稻生长和稻米品质的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2007, 21: 71–76 Liu S P, Nie X T, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K. Effects of interplanting with zero tillage and wheat straw manuring on rice growth an grain quality. Chin J Rice Sci, 2007, 21: 71–76 (in Chinese with English abstract) [21] 葛立立, 王康君, 范苗苗, 马义虎, 张乐, 刘立军. 秸秆还田对土壤培肥与水稻产量和米质的影响. 中国农学通报, 2012, 28(12): 1–6 Ge L L, Wang K J, Fan M M, Ma Y H, Zhang L, Liu L J. Effect of straw returning on soil fertility, grain yield and quality of rice. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2012, 28(12): 1–6 (in Chinese with English abstract) [22] 种旭华. 稻米垩白形成与籽粒灌浆动态的关系. 江西农业学报, 1995, 7(1): 55–60 Zhong X H. The relationship between chalkiness formation and filling dynamics of rice grains. Acta Agri Jiangxi, 1995, 7(1): 55–60 (in Chinese with English abstract) [23] 严奉君, 孙永健, 马均, 徐徽, 李玥, 杨志远, 蒋明金, 吕腾飞. 秸秆覆盖与氮肥运筹对杂交稻根系生长及氮素利用的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21: 23–55 Yan F J, Sun Y J, Ma J,Xu H, Li Y, Yang Z Y, Jiang M J, Lyu T F. Effect of straw mulch and nitrogen management on root growth and nitrogen utilization characteristics of hybrid rice. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2015, 21: 23–55 (in Chinese with English abstract) [24] 潘圣刚, 瞿晶, 曹凑贵, 蔡明历, 王若涵, 黄胜奇, 李进山. 氮肥运筹对水稻养分吸收特性及稻米品质的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16: 522–527 Pan S G, Qu J, Cao C G, Cai M L, Wang R H, Huang S Q, Li J S. Effects of nitrogen management practices on nutrition uptake and grain qualities of rice. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2010, 16: 522–527 (in Chinese with English abstract) [25] Wopereis-Pura M M, Watanabe H, Moreira J, Wopereis M C S. Effect of late nitrogen application on rice yield, grain quality and profitability in the Senegal River valley. Eur J Agron, 2002, 17: 191–198 [26] 刘立军, 王志琴, 桑大志, 杨建昌. 氮肥运筹对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响. 扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2002, 23(3): 46–50 Liu L J, Wang Z Q, Sang D Z, Yang J C. Effect of nitrogen management on rice yield and grain quality. J Yangzhou Univ (Agric & Life Sci Edn), 2002, 23(3): 46–50 (in Chinese with English abstract) [27] 季红娟, 戴正元, 赵步洪, 董长生, 张小祥, 谭长乐, 张洪熙. 小麦秸秆还田对稻米蒸煮食用品质的影响. 江苏农业科学, 2013, 41(12): 55–57 Ji H J, Dai Z Y, Zhao B H, Dong C S, Zhang X X, Tan C L, Zhang H X. Effects of wheat straw returning on cooking and eating quality of rice. J Agric Sci Jiangsu, 2013, 41(12): 55–57 (in Chinese with English abstract) [28] 黄发松, 孙宗修, 胡培松, 唐绍清. 食用稻米品质形成研究的现状与展望. 中国水稻科学, 1998, 12: 172–176 Huang F S, Sun Z X, Hu P S, Tang S Q. Present situations and prospects for the research on rice grain quality forming. Chin J Rice Sci, 1998, 12: 172–176 (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[1] | 王丹, 周宝元, 马玮, 葛均筑, 丁在松, 李从锋, 赵明. 长江中游双季玉米种植模式周年气候资源分配与利用特征[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1437-1450. |
[2] | 王旺年, 葛均筑, 杨海昌, 阴法庭, 黄太利, 蒯婕, 王晶, 汪波, 周广生, 傅廷栋. 大田作物在不同盐碱地的饲料价值评价[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1451-1462. |
[3] | 颜佳倩, 顾逸彪, 薛张逸, 周天阳, 葛芊芊, 张耗, 刘立军, 王志琴, 顾骏飞, 杨建昌, 周振玲, 徐大勇. 耐盐性不同水稻品种对盐胁迫的响应差异及其机制[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1463-1475. |
[4] | 杨欢, 周颖, 陈平, 杜青, 郑本川, 蒲甜, 温晶, 杨文钰, 雍太文. 玉米-豆科作物带状间套作对养分吸收利用及产量优势的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1476-1487. |
[5] | 陈静, 任佰朝, 赵斌, 刘鹏, 张吉旺. 叶面喷施甜菜碱对不同播期夏玉米产量形成及抗氧化能力的调控[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1502-1515. |
[6] | 李祎君, 吕厚荃. 气候变化背景下农业气象灾害对东北地区春玉米产量影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1537-1545. |
[7] | 石艳艳, 马志花, 吴春花, 周永瑾, 李荣. 垄作沟覆地膜对旱地马铃薯光合特性及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1288-1297. |
[8] | 闫晓宇, 郭文君, 秦都林, 王双磊, 聂军军, 赵娜, 祁杰, 宋宪亮, 毛丽丽, 孙学振. 滨海盐碱地棉花秸秆还田和深松对棉花干物质积累、养分吸收及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1235-1247. |
[9] | 柯健, 陈婷婷, 吴周, 朱铁忠, 孙杰, 何海兵, 尤翠翠, 朱德泉, 武立权. 沿江双季稻北缘区晚稻适宜品种类型及高产群体特征[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 1005-1016. |
[10] | 李瑞东, 尹阳阳, 宋雯雯, 武婷婷, 孙石, 韩天富, 徐彩龙, 吴存祥, 胡水秀. 增密对不同分枝类型大豆品种同化物积累和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 942-951. |
[11] | 王吕, 崔月贞, 吴玉红, 郝兴顺, 张春辉, 王俊义, 刘怡欣, 李小刚, 秦宇航. 绿肥稻秆协同还田下氮肥减量的增产和培肥短期效应[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(4): 952-961. |
[12] | 杜浩, 程玉汉, 李泰, 侯智红, 黎永力, 南海洋, 董利东, 刘宝辉, 程群. 利用Ln位点进行分子设计提高大豆单荚粒数[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 565-571. |
[13] | 陈云, 李思宇, 朱安, 刘昆, 张亚军, 张耗, 顾骏飞, 张伟杨, 刘立军, 杨建昌. 播种量和穗肥施氮量对优质食味直播水稻产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 656-666. |
[14] | 袁嘉琦, 刘艳阳, 许轲, 李国辉, 陈天晔, 周虎毅, 郭保卫, 霍中洋, 戴其根, 张洪程. 氮密处理提高迟播栽粳稻资源利用和产量[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 667-681. |
[15] | 丁红, 徐扬, 张冠初, 秦斐斐, 戴良香, 张智猛. 不同生育期干旱与氮肥施用对花生氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 695-703. |
|