作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (8): 1205-1211.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01205
Long-Jian SHI(),Zhang-Rong WEN,Shi-Bo ZHANG,Jue WANG,Wei-Ping LU,Da-Lei LU()
摘要:
为探明开花期(抽雄吐丝期)干旱胁迫对鲜食糯玉米(吐丝后23 d采收)产量和品质的影响, 以苏玉糯5号和渝糯7号为试材, 采用负水头供水控水盆栽装置控制土壤含水量, 设置开花期正常供水(土壤相对含水量80%)和干旱胁迫(土壤相对含水量60%) 2个处理, 研究干旱胁迫对鲜食糯玉米产量(鲜果穗和鲜籽粒)、籽粒组分、糊化和热力学特性的影响。结果表明, 开花期干旱胁迫减少籽粒数量、降低籽粒重量、缩小籽粒体积, 导致鲜果穗和鲜籽粒产量损失。开花期干旱胁迫下鲜食期籽粒淀粉含量升高, 但对于蛋白质含量渝糯7号降低, 苏玉糯5号变化不显著。蛋白质组分中, 对球蛋白含量影响不显著, 清蛋白、谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白均显著降低。开花期干旱胁迫显著降低淀粉粒平均粒径。碘结合力2015年度显著下降, 2014年度受干旱影响不显著。开花期干旱胁迫下籽粒峰值黏度、谷值黏度和终值黏度在苏玉糯5号中降低, 在渝糯7号中升高。开花期干旱胁迫下两品种峰值温度降低, 回生热焓值和回生值升高, 而热焓值仅渝糯7号在2014年度升高。总之, 开花期干旱降低糯玉米鲜果穗和鲜籽粒产量, 增加籽粒淀粉含量, 降低籽粒蛋白质含量、淀粉粒径和支链淀粉中长链比例, 进而使籽粒回生增加, 但糊化黏度两品种表现不同(渝糯7号升高, 苏玉糯5号下降)。
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