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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (12): 2362-2370.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.03074

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于农艺及品质性状与SSR标记的青贮玉米品种遗传多样性分析

刘少荣1,2,**(), 杨扬1,**(), 田红丽1(), 易红梅1, 王璐1, 康定明2, 范亚明1, 任洁1, 江彬1, 葛建镕1, 成广雷1,*, 王凤格1,*   

  1. 1北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心 / 玉米DNA指纹及分子育种北京市重点实验室, 北京 100097
    2中国农业大学农学院, 北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-17 接受日期:2021-04-14 出版日期:2021-12-12 网络出版日期:2021-05-26
  • 通讯作者: 成广雷,王凤格
  • 作者简介:刘少荣, E-mail: liushaorong2018@163.com;
    杨扬, E-mail: caurwx@163.com;
    田红丽, E-mail: tianhongli9963@163.com第一联系人：**同等贡献
  • 基金资助:
    “十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0102005)

Genetic diversity analysis of silage corn varieties based on agronomic and quality traits and SSR markers

LIU Shao-Rong1,2,**(), YANG Yang1,**(), TIAN Hong-Li1(), YI Hong-Mei1, WANG Lu1, KANG Ding-Ming2, FANG Ya-Ming1, REN Jie1, JIANG Bin1, GE Jian-Rong1, CHENG Guang-Lei1,*, WANG Feng-Ge1,*   

  1. 1Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences / Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China
    2College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
  • Received:2020-12-17 Accepted:2021-04-14 Published:2021-12-12 Published online:2021-05-26
  • Contact: CHENG Guang-Lei,WANG Feng-Ge
  • About author:First author contact:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    13th Five-Year National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0102005)

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摘要：

青贮玉米是优质饲料作物, 对畜牧业的大力发展具有重要意义。为了探究青贮玉米品种的遗传多样性现状, 以141个通过国家及各省区(市)审定的青贮玉米品种为材料, 基于农艺及品质性状与SSR标记从生态区角度对供试品种进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明, 13个农艺及品质性状的变异系数区间为10.30%~30.31%, 平均为16.01%; 多样性指数区间为0.50~0.71, 平均为0.60。农艺及品质性状聚类将供试品种划分为5个组, 同一生态区来源的品种多归为同一组。40个SSR标记共检测到482个等位变异, 平均每个位点12.05个, 多态性信息含量(polymorphism information content, PIC)变幅为0.27~0.89, 平均为0.68。南方品种大部分聚集在同一组, 与东华北、黄淮海和西北品种间的遗传距离均较远, 分别为0.054、0.047和0.046。两种方法分析结果具有共性, 但也存在一定的差异, 南方品种在农艺及品质性状和SSR标记上均具有特异性, 西北和黄淮海品种仅在农艺及品质性状具有特异性。将两种方法相结合, 能更全面、准确的了解青贮玉米品种的遗传背景, 为不同生态区新品种选育及推广种植提供依据和参考。

关键词: 青贮玉米, 审定品种, 遗传多样性, SSR标记, 农艺及品质性状

Abstract:

Silage corn is a high-quality feed crop, which is of great significance to the vigorous development of animal husbandry. In order to explore the current status of genetic diversity of silage corn varieties, 141 silage corn varieties approved by national or provincial (municipal) were used as materials. From the perspective of ecological regions, the genetic diversity of the test varieties was analyzed by agronomic and quality traits and SSR markers. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of the 13 agronomic and quality traits ranged from 10.30% to 30.31%, with an average of 16.01%; the diversity index ranged from 0.50 to 0.71, with an average of 0.60. According to the cluster analysis of tested varieties based on agronomic and quality traits, all the varieties were divided into five groups, and most of them from the same ecological region were classified into the same group. A total of 482 allelic variants were detected for 40 SSR markers, with an average of 12.05 per locus, and the polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.27 to 0.89, with an average of 0.68. The genetic distances between South varieties and Northeast, Huang-Huai-Hai, or Northwest varieties are relatively far with a value of 0.054, 0.047, and 0.046, respectively, and most of South varieties are clustered in the same group. The analysis results of the two methods show both commonalities and differences. South varieties show specificity in both agronomic and quality traits and SSR markers, while Northwest and Huang-Huai-Hai varieties show specificity only in agronomic and quality traits. Combination of the two methods can thus help us understand the genetic background of silage corn varieties more comprehensively and accurately, and provide basis and reference for the selection and promotion of new varieties in different ecological regions.

Key words: silage corn, approved varieties, genetic diversity, SSR marker, agronomic and quality traits

表1

样品信息统计"

生态区
Ecological region		 审定品种来源及数量
Source and number of varieties approved		 总计
Total
东华北 Northeast 国审玉11个, 北京14个, 黑龙江22个
National approved corn 11, Beijing 14, Heilongjiang 22		 47
黄淮海 Huang-Huai-Hai 国审玉4个, 河北14个, 山西3个, 陕西6个
National approved corn 4, Hebei 14, Shanxi 3, Shaanxi 6		 27
西北 Northwest 国审玉4个, 内蒙古21个, 新疆14个, 甘肃2个, 宁夏6个
National approved corn 4, Inner Mongolia 21, Xinjiang 14, Gansu 2, Ningxia 6		 47
南方 South 国审玉5个, 四川8个, 贵州2个, 上海1个, 福建3个, 云南1个
National approved corn 5, Sichuan 8, Guizhou 2, Shanghai 1, Fujian 3, Yunnan 1		 20

表2

169个样品的农艺及品质性状特征"

农艺及品质性状
Agronomic and quality traits		 平均值±标准差
Mean±SD		 变异幅度
Range		 变异系数
Coefficient of variation (%)		 Simpson指数
Simpson’s index
生育期 Growth period (d) 116.09±13.56 82.9-141.5 11.68 0.64
株高 Plant height (cm) 305.34±31.45 228-400 10.30 0.59
穗位高 Ear height (cm) 138.85±24.26 89.00-215.03 17.47 0.52
绿叶数 Green leaf number (piece) 15.25±2.89 8.80-22.02 18.95 0.56
穗长 Ear length (cm) 22.10±2.38 16.7-27.0 10.77 0.71
穗行数 Ear rows (row) 16.60±1.76 12.5-21.0 10.60 0.63
粗蛋白 Crude protein (%) 8.73±1.47 6.61-15.91 16.84 0.50
中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%) 45.87±6.64 26.36-62.34 14.48 0.64
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%) 20.94±4.88 12.46-33.90 23.30 0.61
淀粉 Starch (%) 30.81±3.51 22.07-37.79 11.39 0.55
干重 Dry weight (kg hm-2) 21,848.09±6622.33 11,238.00-39,082.65 30.31 0.66
鲜重 Wet weight (kg hm-2) 80,071.25±12,994.96 50,290.5-108,431.1 16.23 0.63
种植密度 Planting density (plant hm-2) 66,553.56±10,532.54 42,000-120,000 15.83 0.53

图1

169个青贮玉米样品的农艺及品质性状聚类图及聚类组群主成分图 A: 169个青贮玉米样品的NJ聚类图。在该图中, 红色、绿色、紫色、蓝色小圆分别代表东华北、黄淮海、西北和南方品种, 红色、绿色、紫色、蓝色、天蓝色线条分别代表X1、X2、X3、X4和X5聚类组群。B: 聚类组群主成分图。在该图中, 红色、绿色、紫色、蓝色、天蓝色分别代表X1、X2、X3、X4和X5聚类组群。"

图2

141个青贮玉米品种和5个普通玉米品种的SSR标记遗传聚类图及聚类组群主成分图 A: 141个青贮玉米品种和5个普通玉米品种的NJ遗传聚类图。在该图中, 红色、绿色、紫色、蓝色小圆分别代表东华北、黄淮海、西北和南方品种, 红色、绿色、紫色、蓝色、天蓝色线条分别代表S1、S2、S3、S4和S5聚类组群。B: 聚类组群主成分图。在该图中, 红色、绿色、紫色、蓝色、天蓝色分别代表S1、S2、S3、S4和S5聚类组群。"

表3

4个生态区品种农艺及品质性状的方差分析"

农艺及品质性状
Agronomic and quality traits		 东华北
Northeast		 黄淮海
Huang-Huai-Hai		 西北
Northwest		 南方
South
生育期Growth period (day) 116.37±9.06 B 101.72±8.82 C 126.77±8.52 A 110.37±17.39 B
株高Plant height (cm) 309.55±19.65 A 287.15±30.13 B 320.26±31.20 A 281.43±32.28 B
穗位高Ear height (cm) 132.34±16.32 B 121.18±15.76 C 158.86±22.38 A 125.51±17.76 BC
绿叶数Green leaf number (piece) 14.59±2.20 A 16.53±1.75 A 15.36±3.63 A 14.94±2.85 A
穗长Ear length (cm) 23.66±1.96 A 22.60±1.85 AB 21.56±2.17 AB 19.27±1.63 C
穗行数Ear rows (row) 16.83±1.51 A 16.42±1.56 A 16.94±1.77 A 14.57±1.29 B
粗蛋白Crude protein (%) 8.15±0.72 B 8.91±1.20 B 8.70±0.77 B 10.10±2.80 A
中性洗涤纤维NDF (%) 44.83±4.23 A 47.42±9.43 A 44.52±5.43 A 47.69±6.65 A
酸性洗涤纤维ADF (%) 19.09±2.45 C 22.53±6.47 AB 20.02±4.92 BC 23.39±3.74 A
淀粉Starch (%) 31.39±3.41 A 33.41±2.53 A 28.99±2.81 A 31.38±5.63 A
干重Dry weight (kg hm-2) 18,547.24±2435.26 B 17,536.17±2650.54 B 29,537.64±5435.77 A 17,759.3±3242.5 B
鲜重Wet weight (kg hm-2) 74,212.27±9542.69 B 74,436.46±7081.53 B 87,674.94±10583.30 A 62,630.35±10905.50 C
种植密度Planting density (plant hm-2) 63,409.06±6881.68 B 70,340.91±16,516.78 A 69,877.12±8121.04 A 59,500.00±5916.61 B

表4

4个生态区品种间的遗传多样性比较"

生态区
Ecological region		 样品数量
Sample size		 等位变异数
Number of alleles		 基因型数
Genotype number		 基因多样性
Gene diversity		 杂合度
Heterozygosity		 PIC值
PIC index
东华北Northeast 47 7.65 13.55 0.68 0.65 0.64
黄淮海Huang-Huai-Hai 27 7.40 11.13 0.69 0.69 0.64
西北Northwest 47 9.13 16.30 0.71 0.69 0.68
南方South 20 7.43 10.03 0.71 0.72 0.68
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