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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (12): 3192-3202.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11106

所属专题： 小麦：耕作栽培·生理生化

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国主要麦区小麦品种(系)产量与需硫特征关系分析

牟文燕1(), 褚宏欣1, 黄宁1, 张露露1, 张学美1, 郭子糠1, 黄翠1, 孙利谦1, 魏蕾1, 罗一诺1, 王朝辉1,2(), 刘金山1,2()   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学资源环境学院 / 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
    2西北农林科技大学 / 旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-30 接受日期:2022-05-05 出版日期:2022-12-12 网络出版日期:2022-05-23
  • 通讯作者: 王朝辉,刘金山
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 17854270855@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200400)

Relationship between grain yield and sulfur requirement characteristics of wheat cultivars (lines) in main wheat production regions of China

MU Wen-Yan1(), CHU Hong-Xin1, HUANG Ning1, ZHANG Lu-Lu1, ZHANG Xue-Mei1, GUO Zi-Kang1, HUANG Cui1, SUN Li-Qian1, WEI Lei1, LUO Yi-Nuo1, WANG Zhao-Hui1,2(), LIU Jin-Shan1,2()   

  1. 1College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University / Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    2Northwest A&F University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2021-11-30 Accepted:2022-05-05 Published:2022-12-12 Published online:2022-05-23
  • Contact: WANG Zhao-Hui,LIU Jin-Shan
  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-3);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0200400)

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摘要：

明确我国主要麦区主栽小麦品种(系)需硫量与籽粒产量和硫含量的关系, 为我国小麦合理施用硫肥和丰产优质绿色生产提供依据。于2017—2020年在我国西北旱地小麦种植区(旱作区)、华北小麦玉米轮作区(麦玉区)和南方水稻小麦轮作区(稻麦区)进行田间试验, 以各麦区主栽高产品种(系)为材料, 研究了各区域主栽小麦品种(系)的籽粒产量、硫含量和需硫量及其相互关系。旱作区、麦玉区和稻麦区主栽小麦品种(系)产量范围分别为4.1~6.9、6.2~9.3和4.4~7.1 t hm-2, 平均为5.9、8.1和5.9 t hm-2; 籽粒硫含量范围分别为1.73~2.27、1.59~2.01和1.42~1.73 g kg-1, 平均为1.98、1.78和1.53 g kg-1; 同一产量水平下不同小麦品种(系)籽粒硫含量差异显著。旱作区、麦玉区和稻麦区主栽小麦品种(系)的需硫量分别介于3.7~5.3、3.1~4.2和2.1~6.1 kg Mg-1, 平均为4.5、3.7、3.7 kg Mg-1; 产量由低产增至高产时, 旱作区与稻麦区小麦品种(系)需硫量分别降低16.3%和23.4%, 而麦玉区增加7.6%; 籽粒硫含量由1.5 g kg-1增至1.8 g kg-1时, 旱作区小麦品种(系)的需硫量增加17.2%, 籽粒硫含量由1.2 g kg-1增至1.8 g kg-1时, 麦玉区和稻麦区小麦品种(系)需硫量增加21.4%和116.5%。小麦生产中施用硫肥时, 应根据不同麦区种植的小麦品种(系)产量和硫含量差异确定需硫量, 再结合土壤供硫能力, 确定合理的硫肥施用量。

关键词: 不同种植区, 小麦主栽品种(系), 产量, 需硫量, 硫含量

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to clarify relationships of sulfur requirement to grain yield, and sulfur concentration of leading wheat cultivars (lines) in main wheat production regions in China, and to provide a strategy for ensuring reasonable sulfur fertilizer application and high yield and good quality. To study the relationships of grain yield, sulfur concentration and sulfur requirement of wheat cultivars (lines) under intensive agricultural cultivation, field experiment were conducted during 2017-2020 in the dryland wheat growing area in Northwest China (Dryland Wheat Regions), wheat-maize rotation area in North China (Wheat-Maize Regions), rice wheat rotation area in South China (Rice-Wheat regions). The grain yield of leading wheat cultivars (lines) in these regions were 4.1-6.9, 6.2-9.3, and 4.4-7.1 t hm-2, with the average of 5.9, 8.1, and 5.9 t hm-2; and the grain sulfur concentration was 1.73-2.27, 1.59-2.01, and 1.42-1.73 g kg-1, with the average of 1.98, 1.78, and 1.53 g kg-1, respectively. There were significant differences in grain sulfur concentration among different wheat cultivars (lines) under the same yield level. The sulfur requirement of leading wheat cultivars (lines) was 3.7-5.3, 3.1-4.2, and 2.1-6.1 kg Mg-1, with the average of 4.5, 3.7, and 3.7 kg Mg-1 in Dryland Wheat Regions, Wheat-Maize Regions, and Rice-Wheat regions, respectively. With the increase in yield from the very low to the very high levels, the sulfur requirement average declined by 16.3% and 23.4% in Dryland Wheat Regions and Rice-Wheat regions, respectively, while increased by 7.6% in Wheat Maize Regions. Moreover, with the increase in sulfur concentration from 1.5 g kg-1 to 1.8 g kg-1, the sulfur requirement of wheat cultivars (lines) increased by 17.2% in Dryland Wheat Regions, when the sulfur concentration was increased from 1.2 g kg-1 to 1.8 g kg-1, the sulfur requirement of wheat cultivars (lines) increased by 21.4% and 116.5% in Wheat-Maize Regions and Rice-Wheat regions, respectively. Therefore, the optimization of sulfur fertilizer application should be based on grain yield, sulfur concentration of wheat cultivars (lines), and soil sulfur supply capacities of soils in specific region.

Key words: different planting regions, leading wheat cultivars (lines), yield, sulfur requirement, sulfur concentration

表1

各麦区试验地点0~20 cm土壤基本理化性质的平均值"

麦区
Wheat region		 全氮
TN
(g kg-1)		 硝态氮
NN
(mg kg-1)		 铵态氮
AN
(mg kg-1)		 有效磷
AP (P)
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
AK (K)
(mg kg-1)		 pH 有机质
OM
(g kg-1)		 有效硫
AS
(mg kg-1)
旱作区DW 0.8±0.04 10.7±8.3 0.2±0.3 11.8±8.2 150±11.9 8.2±0.2 16.8±2.6 8.5±4.0
麦玉区MW 1.1±0.2 20.5±7.4 7.3±6.3 37.7±19.3 191±54.4 7.7±0.8 22.8±4.6 21.7±17.9
稻麦区RW 1.5±0.4 17.3±7.9 12±5.4 26.9±6.3 161±35.0 6.2±0.8 30.5±7.4 28.2±14.1

表2

中国主要麦区主栽小麦品种(系)籽粒产量与硫含量分布"

麦区
Wheat region		 产量 Yield 籽粒硫含量 Grain sulfur concentration
产量等级
Yield level
(t hm-2)		 样本数(频率%)
Sample size
(frequency %)		 产量
Yield
(t hm-2)		 硫含量等级
Sulfur concentration
level (g kg-1)		 样本数(频率%)
Sample size
(frequency %)		 硫含量
Sulfur concentration
(g kg-1)
旱作区
DW		 低产VL (<5.3) 10 (9.7) 4.7±0.43 e 低硫VLS (<1.84) 11 (10.7) 1.78±0.03 e
偏低L (5.3-5.7) 18 (17.5) 5.5±0.12 d 偏低硫LS (1.84-1.93) 25 (24.3) 1.87±0.03 d
中产M (5.7-6.1) 32 (31.1) 5.9±0.11 c 中硫MS (1.93-2.03) 34 (33.0) 1.95±0.03 c
偏高H (6.1-6.5) 32 (31.1) 6.2±0.10 b 偏高硫HS (2.03-2.12) 17 (16.5) 2.06±0.03 b
高产VH (≥6.5) 11 (10.7) 6.7±0.12 a 高硫VHS (≥2.12) 16 (15.5) 2.20±0.04 a
麦玉区
MW		 低产VL (<7.3) 18 (14.8) 7.0±0.32 e 低硫VLS (<1.66) 17 (13.9) 1.63±0.02 e
偏低L (7.3-7.8) 19 (15.6) 7.6±0.17 d 偏低硫LS (1.66-1.74) 30 (24.6) 1.69±0.02 d
中产M (7.8-8.4) 43 (35.2) 8.1±0.16 c 中硫MS (1.74-1.82) 33 (27.0) 1.77±0.02 c
偏高H (8.4-8.9) 24 (19.7) 8.7±0.16 b 偏高硫HS (1.82-1.90) 27 (22.1) 1.85±0.02 b
高产VH (≥8.9) 18 (14.8) 9.1±0.11 a 高硫VHS (≥1.90) 15 (12.3) 1.94±0.04 a
稻麦区
RW		 低产VL (<5.0) 8 (21.1) 4.7±0.24 e 低硫VLS (<1.44) 2 (5.3) 1.44±0.01 e
偏低L (5.0-5.6) 5 (13.2) 5.4±0.22 d 偏低硫LS (1.44-1.50) 12 (31.6) 1.49±0.02 d
中产M (5.6-6.2) 7 (18.4) 6.0±0.14 c 中硫MS (1.50-1.56) 14 (36.8) 1.51±0.02 c
偏高H (6.2-6.9) 16 (42.1) 6.5±0.16 b 偏高硫HS (1.56-1.62) 4 (10.5) 1.58±0.01 b
高产VH (≥6.9) 2 (5.3) 7.1±0.04 a 高硫VHS (≥1.62) 6 (15.8) 1.72±0.05 a

图1

中国主要麦区主栽小麦品种(系)籽粒硫含量和产量的关系 盒内黑色实线和红色虚线分别表示中位数和平均数; 盒子的上、下边缘线分别表示数据集的75%和25%分位数; 上、下误差线分别表示95%和5%分位数; “·”代表小于5%或大于95%分位数的数据; 盒子误差线下的数字为籽粒硫含量平均值, 小写字母表示平均值间差异显著(P ≤ 0.05); 横坐标轴上面的整数为对应产量等级的样本数量。缩写同表2。"

图2

中国主要麦区主栽小麦品种(系)产量、籽粒硫含量与需硫量的拟合关系 GSR为籽粒需硫量; GSC为籽粒硫含量; Y为产量。缩写同表2。"

图3

中国主要麦区主栽小麦品种(系)需硫量拟合值与实测值的关系 **表示实测需硫量与拟合需硫量之间相关性显著(P ≤ 0.01); 椭圆内为需硫量偏低或偏高样本。缩写同表2。"

表3

中国主要麦区主栽小麦品种(系)不同产量及籽粒硫含量水平的拟合需硫量"

麦区
Wheat region		 产量水平
Yield level
(t hm-2)		 拟合籽粒硫需求量Grain sulfur requirement (kg Mg-1) 均值
Mean value
籽粒硫含量Grain sulfur concentration (g kg-1)
1.2-1.5 1.5-1.8 ≥1.8
旱作区
DW		 低产VL (<5.3) — 4.5±0.17 5.3±0.41 4.9±0.46
偏低L (5.3-5.7) — 4.3±0.17 5.0±0.28 4.7±0.40
中产M (5.7-6.1) — 4.2±0.15 4.9±0.35 4.6±0.42
偏高H (6.1-6.5) — 4.1±0.13 4.8±0.29 4.5±0.33
高产VH (≥6.5) — 3.7±0.34 4.4±0.46 4.1±0.51
均值Mean value — 4.2±0.59 4.9±0.61
麦玉区
MW		 低产VL (<7.1) 3.1±0.13 3.6±0.14 4.0±0.19 3.6±0.32
偏低L (7.1-7.7) 3.3±0.06 3.7±0.10 4.0±0.18 3.7±0.27
中产M (7.7-8.4) 3.4±0.07 3.7±0.11 4.2±0.21 3.8±0.28
偏高H (8.4-8.9) 3.4±0.07 3.8±0.10 4.1±0.18 3.8±0.26
高产VH (≥8.9) 3.5±0.05 3.9±0.11 4.2±0.20 3.9±0.26
均值Mean value 3.4±0.30 3.7±0.25 4.1±0.26
稻麦区
RW		 低产VL (<5.0) 2.9±0.36 3.9±0.45 6.1±0.98 4.3±1.10
偏低L (5.0-5.6) 2.3±0.36 3.6±0.46 5.9±0.69 3.9±1.01
中产M (5.6-6.2) 2.5±0.35 3.5±0.36 5.1±0.15 3.7±0.71
偏高H (6.2-6.9) 2.4±0.39 3.3±0.38 4.4±0.06 3.4±0.81
高产VH (≥6.9) 2.1±0.40 3.1±0.45 4.7±0.49 3.3±0.96
均值Mean value 2.4±1.17 3.5±1.14 5.2±1.18

表4

中国主要麦区高产小麦品种(系)的产量、籽粒硫含量和需硫量差异"

麦区
Wheat region		 品种(系)
Cultivar (line)		 产量
Yield
(t hm-2)		 籽粒硫含量
Grain sulfur concentration
(g kg-1)		 拟合需硫量
Fitting sulfur requirement
(kg Mg-1)
旱作区
DW		 LH16-1 6.9 a 1.90 bcd 4.4
隆平203 Longping 203 6.8 a 1.87 cd 4.4
鲁研776 Luyan 776 6.7 a 1.80 d 4.2
濮麦087 Pumai 087 6.7 a 2.01 ab 4.7
济麦78 Jimai 78 6.7 a 1.91 bcd 4.5
郑麦6694 Zhengmai 6694 6.6 a 1.92 bcd 4.5
临Y8222 Lin Y8222 6.6 a 1.95 abc 4.6
泰科麦493 Taikemai 493 6.6 a 1.99 abc 4.7
泛农16 Fanmai 16 6.5 a 2.08 a 5.0
北9 Bei 9 6.5 a 1.99 abc 4.7
麦玉区
MW		 BC15PT117 9.3 a 1.74 bc 3.9
潍麦1711 Weimai 1711 9.2 a 1.83 ab 4.0
TKM0311 9.2 a 1.75 bc 3.9
衡H165171 Heng H165171 9.2 a 1.91 a 4.1
衡麦176001 Hengmai 176001 9.1 a 1.73 bc 3.9
中麦6079 Zhongmai 6079 9.1 a 1.68 c 3.8
中麦7083 Zhongmai 7083 9.1 a 1.84 ab 4.0
LS2371 9.1 a 1.63 c 3.7
TKM6007 9.0 a 1.90 a 4.1
LH1703 9.0 a 1.84 ab 4.0
稻麦区
RW		 扬17G83 Yang 17G83 7.1 a 1.53 a 2.8
信麦179 Xinmai 179 7.0 a 1.51 a 2.8
华麦17P24 Huamai 17P24 6.9 a 1.52 a 2.8
绵麦907 Mianmai 907 6.7 a 1.45 a 2.5
华麦1062 Huamai 1062 6.7 a 1.50 a 2.8
扬辐麦5054 Yangfumai 5054 6.6 a 1.49 a 2.8
漯麦163 Luomai 163 6.6 a 1.58 a 3.2
宁麦1710 Ningmai 1710 6.6 a 1.54 a 3.0
扬15-133 Yang 15-133 6.6 a 1.50 a 2.8
T60279 6.6 a 1.46 a 2.6
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