Welcome to Acta Agronomica Sinica，

Acta Agron Sin ›› 2012, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (01): 121-128.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.00121

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Plant Density on Lodging Resistance in Winter Wheat

WANG Cheng-Yu, DAI Xing-Long, SHI Yu-Hua, WANG Zhen-Lin, CHEN Xiao-Guang,HE Ming-Rong*   

  1. College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University / National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an, 271018, China
  • Received:2011-03-14 Revised:2011-09-09 Online:2012-01-12 Published:2011-09-29
  • Contact: 贺明荣, E-mail: mrhe@sdau.edu.cn, Tel: 0538-8242309

PDF

1698

Cited

23

Abstract: To make clear on the effects of nitrogen (N) application and plant density on lodging resistance and grain yield of winter wheat, we carried out a field experiment with split-plot design using a middle-spike cultivar, Shannong 15, in Tai’an, Shandong Province, China in 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 growing seasons. The main plot was N application rate with levels of 180 (N1) and 240 kg ha-1 (N2), and the subplot was plant density with levels of 1.50 (D1) and 2.25 million plants per hectare (D2). The lodging-resistance-related traits including morphological characters, chemical components in basal internode, culm lodging resistance index (CLRI), activities of enzymes involved in lignin synthesis, and grain yield weremeasuredin different growth stages. The results showed that the grain yield was decreased with the increase of N rate or plant density, and the largest grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield were observed in the N1D1 treatment. The culm height of center of gravity and length of basal internode were larger in the N1 or D1 treatment than in the N2 or D2 treatment, whereas, the diameter, thickness, filling degree, and mechanical strength of the basal internode and the CLRI value showed an opposite trend. With the increase of N rate or plant density, the cellulose content, lignin content, C/N ratio of basal internode were decreased but the N content was increased. The interaction between N rate and plant density was significant, which resulted in poor lodging resistance under high N rate plus high plant density. Stepwize regression analysis indicated that N rate had more important effect on lodging resistance than plant density. Therefore, under the experimental condition in this study, the N1D1 treatment (180 kg ha-1 of pure N and 1.50 million plants per hectare) is a proper combination of N application and plant density, which may not only improve lodging resistance of winter wheat but also obtain high grain yield.

Key words: Winter wheat, Rate of nitrogen application, Plant density, Lodging resistance, Grain yield

[1]Wei F-Z(魏凤珍), Li J-C(李金才), Wang C-Y(王成雨), Qu H-J(屈会娟), Shen X-S(沈学善). Effects of nitrogenous fertilizer application model on culm lodging resistance in winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2008, 34(6): 1080-1085 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]Li J-C(李金才), Yin J(尹钧), Wei F-Z(魏凤珍). Effects of planting density on characters of culm and culm lodging resistant index in winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 2005, 31(5): 662-666 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]Cui Z L, Zhang F S, Chen X P, Dou Z X, Li J L. In-season nitrogen management strategy for winter wheat: maximizing yields, minimizing environmental impact in an over-fertilization context. Field Crops Res, 2010, 116: 140-146
[4]Zhang F-S(张福锁), Wang J-Q(王激清), Zhang W-F(张卫峰), Cui Z-L(崔振岭), Ma W-Q(马文奇), Chen X-P(陈新平), Jiang R-F(江荣风). Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in China and measures for improvement. Acta Pedol Sin (土壤学报), 2008, 45(5): 915-923 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]Tripathi S C, Sayre K D, Kaul J N, Narang R S. Growth and morphology of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) culms and their association with lodging: effects of genotypes, N levels and ethephon. Field Crops Res, 2003, 84: 271-290
[6]Fang Y, Xu B C, Turner N C, Li F M. Grain yield, dry matter accumulation and remobilization, and root respiration in winter wheat and affected by seeding rate and root pruning. Eur J Agron, 2010, 33: 257-268
[7]Hiltbrunner J, Streit B, Liedgens M. Are seeding densities an opportunity to increase grain yield of winter wheat in a living mulch of white clover? Field Crops Res, 2007, 102: 163-171
[8]Berry P M, Griffin J M, Sylvester-Bradley R, Scott R K, Spink J H, Baker C J, Clare R W. Controlling plant form through husbandry to minimize lodging in wheat. Field Crops Res, 2000, 67: 59-81
[9]Wang F-H(王法宏), Wang X-Q(王旭清), Ren D-C(任德昌), Cao H-X(曹宏鑫), Dong Y-H(董玉红), Sayre K. Study and ridge culture technique in irrigated winter wheat. J Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 2004, 24(2): 68-72 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]Zhao G-C(赵广才). Key technics of winter wheat management in spring. Crops (作物杂志), 2007, (1): 40 (in Chinese)
[11]Tang Q Y, Peng S B, Buresh R J, Zou Y B, Castilla N P, Mew T W, Zhong X H. Rice varietal difference in sheath blight development and its association with yield loss at different levels of N fertilization. Field Crops Res, 2007, 102: 219-227
[12]Wang Y(王勇), Li Q-Q(李晴棋), Li C-H(李朝恒), Li A-F(李安飞). Studies on culm quality and anatomy of wheat varieties. Acta Agron Sin (作物学报), 1998, 24(4): 452-458 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]Berry P M, Spink J, Sterling M, Agarwal U P, Atalla R H. Methods for rapidly measuring the lodging resistance of wheat cultivars. J Agron Crop Sci, 2003, 189: 390-401
[14]Crook M J, Ennos A R. The effect of nitrogen and growth regulators on stem and root characteristics associated with lodging in two cultivars of winter wheat. J Exp Bot, 1995, 46: 931-938
[15]Li H C, Li L, Wegenast T, Longin C F, Xu X W, Melchinger A E, Chen S J. Effect of N supply on stalk quality in maize hybrids. Field Crops Res, 2010, 118: 208-214
[16]Updegraff D M. Semimicro determination of cellulose in biological materials. Anal Biochem, 1969, 32: 420-424
[17]Esechie H A, Rodriguez V, Al-Asmi H. Comparison of local and exotic maize varieties for stalk lodging components in a desert climate. Eur J Agron, 2004, 21:21-30
[18]Li X J, Li S Y, Li J X. Effects of GA3 on lignin and auxin contents and the correlated enzyme activities in bayberry (Myrica rubra Bieb.) during flower-bud induction. Plant Sci, 2003, 164: 549-556
[19]Jing C-Q(井长勤), Zhou Z(周忠), Zhang Y(张永). A Study of the effect of nitrogen application on the lodging of wheat. J Xuzhou Normal Univ (徐州师范大学学报), 2003, 21(4): 46-49 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]Xiong Y-S(熊又升), Yuan J-F(袁家富), Hao F-X(郝福新), Ruan J-Z(阮际洲), Zhao S-J(赵书军), Wang Z-H(王朝辉). Effect of nitrogen dosage on the yield and quality of wheat. J Huazhong Agric Univ (华中农业大学学报), 2009, 28(6): 697-700 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]Cao C-F(曹承富), Kong L-C(孔令聪), Wang J-L(汪建来), Zhao B(赵斌), Zhao Z(赵竹). Effects of nitrogen on yield, quality and nutritive absorption of middle and strong gluten wheat. Plant Nutr Fert Sci (植物营养与肥料学报), 2005, 11(1): 46-50 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]Liu P(刘萍), Guo W-S(郭文善), Xu Y-M(徐月明), Feng C-N(封超年), Zhu X-K(朱新开), Peng Y-X(彭永欣). Effect of planting density on grain yield and quality of weak-gluten and medium-gluten wheat. J Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 2006, 26(5): 117-121 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]Wang Z-J(王之杰), Guo T-C(郭天财), Wang H-C(王化岑), Wang Y-H(王永华). Effect of planting density on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of super-high-yield winter wheat at late growth stages. J Triticeae Crops (麦类作物学报), 2001, 21(3): 64-67 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]Bhaskara Reddy M V, Arul J, Angers P, Couture L. Chitosan treatment of wheat seeds induces resistance to Fusarium graminearum and improves seed quality. J Agric Food Chem, 1999, 47: 1208-1216
[25]Zhang Z-L(张志良), Qu W-J(瞿伟菁). Experimental Methods of Plant Physiology (植物生理学实验指导), 3rd edn. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2003. pp 277-279 (in Chinese)
[26]Liu X-Y(刘晓燕), Jin J-Y(金继运), He P(何萍), Gao W(高伟), Li W-J(李文娟). Effects of potassium chloride on lignin metabolism and its relation to resistance of corn to stalk rot. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 2007, 40(12): 2780-2787 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]Knobloch K H, Hahlbrock K. Isoenzymes of p-coumarate: CoA ligase form cell suspension cultures of Glycine max. Eur J Biochem, 1975, 52: 311-320
[28]Morrison T A, Kessler J R, Hatfield R D, Buxton D R. Activity of two lignin biosynthesis enzymes during development of a maize internode. J Sci Food Agric, 1994, 65: 133-139
[29]Fageria N K, Baligar V C, Clark R B. Physiology of Crop Production. New York: Food Products Press, 2005, pp 8-12
[30]Yu Z-W(于振文). Cultivation of Field Crops in North China (作物栽培学各论). Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2003. pp 31-34 (in Chinese)
[31]Wang B-S(王宝山). Plant Physiology (植物生理学). Beijing: Science Press, 2004. pp 141-151(in Chinese)
[32]Guo W-J(郭维俊), Wang F-E(王芬娥), Huang G-B(黄高宝), Zhang W-F(张锋伟), Wei S-L(魏时来). Experiment on mechanical properties and chemical compositions of wheat stems. Trans Chin Soc Agric Machinery (农业机械学报), 2009, 40(2): 110-114 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[33]Grima-Pettenati J, Goffner D. Lignin genetic engineering revisited. Plant Sci, 1999, 145: 51-65
[34]Vanholme R, Morreel K, Ralph J, Boerjan W. Lignin engineering. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 2008, 11: 278-285
[35]Sewalt V J H, Ni W, Blount J W. Reduced lignin content and altered lignin composition in transgenic tobacco down-regulated in expression of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase or cinnamate 4-hydroxylase. Plant Physiol, 1997, 115: 41-50
[36]Lee D, Kmeyer K, Kchapple C. Down-regulation of 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4CL) in Arabidopsis effect on lignin composition and implication for the control of monlignol biosynthesis. Plant Cell, 1997, 9: 1985-1998
[37]Kajita S, Hishiyama S, Tommura Y. Structural characterization of modified lignin in transgenic tobacco plants in which the activity of 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase is depressed. Plant Physiol, 1997, 114: 871-879
[38]Jacqueline G P, Deborah G. Lignin genetic engineering revisited. Plant Sci, 1999, 145: 51-65
[39]Zhong R Q, Ripperger A, Ye Z H. Ectopic deposition of lignin in the pith of stems of two arabidopsis mutants. Plant Physiol, 2000, 23: 59-70
[1] YAN Jia-Qian, GU Yi-Biao, XUE Zhang-Yi, ZHOU Tian-Yang, GE Qian-Qian, ZHANG Hao, LIU Li-Jun, WANG Zhi-Qin, GU Jun-Fei, YANG Jian-Chang, ZHOU Zhen-Ling, XU Da-Yong. Different responses of rice cultivars to salt stress and the underlying mechanisms [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(6): 1463-1475.
[2] GUO Xing-Yu, LIU Peng-Zhao, WANG Rui, WANG Xiao-Li, LI Jun. Response of winter wheat yield, nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrogen balance to rainfall types and nitrogen application rate in dryland [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(5): 1262-1272.
[3] KE Jian, CHEN Ting-Ting, WU Zhou, ZHU Tie-Zhong, SUN Jie, HE Hai-Bing, YOU Cui-Cui, ZHU De-Quan, WU Li-Quan. Suitable varieties and high-yielding population characteristics of late season rice in the northern margin area of double-cropping rice along the Yangtze River [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(4): 1005-1016.
[4] LIU Yun-Jing, ZHENG Fei-Na, ZHANG Xiu, CHU Jin-Peng, YU Hai-Tao, DAI Xing-Long, HE Ming-Rong. Effects of wide range sowing on grain yield, quality, and nitrogen use of strong gluten wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(3): 716-725.
[5] WANG Yang-Yang, HE Li, REN De-Chao, DUAN Jian-Zhao, HU Xin, LIU Wan-Dai, GU Tian-Cai, WANG Yong-Hua, FENG Wei. Evaluations of winter wheat late frost damage under different water based on principal component-cluster analysis [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(2): 448-462.
[6] XIE Cheng-Hui, MA Hai-Zhao, XU Hong-Wei, XU Xi-Yang, RUAN Guo-Bing, GUO Zheng-Yan, NING Yong-Pei, FENG Yong-Zhong, YANG Gai-He, REN Guang-Xin. Effects of nitrogen rate on growth, grain yield, and nitrogen utilization of multiple cropping proso millet after spring-wheat in Irrigation Area of Ningxia [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(2): 463-477.
[7] KE Jian, CHEN Ting-Ting, XU Hao-Cong, ZHU Tie-Zhong, WU Han, HE Hai-Bing, YOU Cui-Cui, ZHU De-Quan, WU Li-Quan. Effects of different application methods of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield and nitrogen utilization of indica-japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling mechanically transplanted [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(7): 1372-1382.
[8] LIU Qiu-Yuan, ZHOU Lei, TIAN Jin-Yu, CHENG Shuang, TAO Yu, XING Zhi-Peng, LIU Guo-Dong, WEI Hai-Yan, ZHANG Hong-Cheng. Relationships among grain yield, rice quality and nitrogen uptake of inbred middle-ripe japonica rice in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(5): 904-914.
[9] ZHENG Ying-Xia, CHEN Du, WEI Peng-Cheng, LU Ping, YANG Jin-Yue, LUO Shang-Ke, YE Kai-Mei, SONG Bi. Effects of planting density on lodging resistance and grain yield of spring maize stalks in Guizhou province [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(4): 738-751.
[10] ZHU Ya-Li, WANG Chen-Guang, YANG Mei, ZHENG Xue-Hui, ZHAO Cheng-Feng, ZHANG Ren-He. Response of grain filling and dehydration characteristics of kernels located in different ear positions in the different maturity maize hybrids to plant density [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(3): 507-519.
[11] ZHANG Yu-Xun, QI Tuo-Ye, SUN Yuan, QU Xiang-Ning, CAO Yuan, WU Meng-Yao, LIU Chun-Hong, WANG Lei. Vegetation characteristics of GF-6 remote sensing image and application on LAI retrieval of winter wheat at seedling stage [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(12): 2532-2540.
[12] HU Xin-Hui, GU Shu-Bo, ZHU Jun-Ke, WANG Dong. Effects of applying potassium at different growth stages on dry matter accumulation and yield of winter wheat in different soil-texture fields [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(11): 2258-2267.
[13] ZHOU Bao-Yuan, GE Jun-Zhu, SUN Xue-Fang, HAN Yu-Ling, MA Wei, DING Zai-Song, LI Cong-Feng, ZHAO Ming. Research advance on optimizing annual distribution of solar and heat resources for double cropping system in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(10): 1843-1853.
[14] LUO Wen-He, SHI Zu-Jiao, WANG Xu-Min, LI Jun, WANG Rui. Effects of water saving and nitrogen reduction on soil nitrate nitrogen distribution, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of winter wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(6): 924-936.
[15] ZHAO Xiao-Hong,BAI Yi-Xiong,WANG Kai,YAO You-Hua,YAO Xiao-Hua,WU Kun-Lun. Effects of planting density on lodging resistance and straw forage characteristics in two hulless barley varieties [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(4): 586-595.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Add: No. 80 Xueyuan South Rd, Beijing 100081, P. R. China E-mail: zwxb301@caas.cn
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd