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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 256-266.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.71081

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of straw-incorporation combined with autumn plastic mulching on soil water consumption characteristics and winter wheat yield in arid farming areas

Yu-Zhang CHEN1,2,Shou-Xi CHAI1,*(),Hong-Bo CHENG3,Yu-Wei CHAI1,Chang-Gang YANG1,4,Kai-Min TAN1,Lei CHANG1   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University / Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2 Bijie Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bijie 551700, Guizhou, China
    3 College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University / Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    4 Wheat Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2017-11-16 Accepted:2018-04-11 Online:2019-02-12 Published:2018-11-06
  • Contact: Shou-Xi CHAI E-mail:sxchai@126.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-3-2-49);the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303104);and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31560356);and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760362)

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Abstract:

Straw-incorporation and autumn plastic-film mulch are useful techniques for water-saving cultivation in semi-arid areas in northwest China. To investigate the effects of different straw-incorporation and autumn plastic-film mulching treatments on soil water consumption, winter wheat yield and water use efficiency (WUE), we conducted a two-year (2011-2012 and 2012-2013 wheat growing seasons) experiment in fixed fields in Tongwei county, Guansu province. The five treatments were corn straw-incorporation combined with autumn plastic film mulching (CF), single corn straw-incorporation (CNF), wheat straw-incorporation combined with autumn plastic film mulching (WF), single wheat straw-incorporation (WNF), and non-mulching and non-straw returning (CK). Compared with CK, CF and WF led to the increase of water storage of 0-200 cm soil layer with an average of 6.1% in 2011-2012 and 9.6% in 2012-2013, while CNF and WNF showed tender effect with the average increasing percentage of 0.7% and 4.6% in 2011-2012 and 2012-2013, respectively. In the wet year of 2011-2012, evapotranspiration of CF was 19.0 mm lower than that of CK (P < 0.05), and the evapotranspiration of CNF, WF, and WNF was similar to that of CK with no significant difference. In the dry year of 2012-2013, evapotranspiration of CK was 39.1 mm lower than the average of the other four treatments. Evapotranspiration of CF and WF significantly increased from reviving to jointing stages, but reduced from flowering to maturity stages. Deep soil water of CF and WF was consumed more than that of CK in 2012-2013. On the average of CF and WF, the grain yield and WUE were increased, compared with that of CK, by 31.0%-69.4% and 25.6%-43.0%, respectively. Particularly, CF ranked the first in improving yield (51.1% higher than CK) and WUE (41.7% higher than CK). In contrast, the average grain yield and WUE of CNF and WNF were increased by 1.2%-28.0% and 3.0%-11.6%, respectively. This study suggests that CF is an applicable technique in winter wheat cultivation in Northwest dryland.

Key words: dryland, straw-incorporation, plastic mulching in autumn, grain yield, soil water consumption characteristics

Fig. 1

Monthly rainfall in growth stages of winter wheat and mean monthly rainfall of two years"

Fig. 2

Dynamical changes of soil water storage in 0-200 cm soil layer Error bars above data at each growth stage show the magnitude of LSD0.05. SW: sowing stage; TB: tillering stage before winter; WT: wintering stage; RV: revival stage; JT: jointing stage; BT: booting stage; FL: flowering stage; GF: grain-filling stage; MT: maturity stage."

Table 1

Field evapotranspiration of effective precipitation and its distribution"

处理
Treatment		 农田耗水量
Field evapotranspiration (mm)		 有效降水 Effective precipitation (≥ 5 mm) 土壤贮水消耗 Soil water consumption
总量 Amount (mm) 比例 Ratio (%) 总量 Amount (mm) 比例 Ratio (%)
2011-2012
CF 292.8 b 206.4 70.5 a 86.4 b 29.5 b
CNF 310.5 a 206.4 66.5 b 104.1 a 33.5 a
WF 307.7 a 206.4 67.1 b 101.3 a 32.9 a
WNF 307.9 a 206.4 67.0 b 101.5 a 33.0 a
CK 311.8 a 206.4 66.2 b 105.4 a 33.8 a
2012-2013
CF 275.0 a 179.6 65.3 c 95.4 a 34.7 a
CNF 267.6 a 179.6 67.2 bc 88.0 a 32.8 ab
WF 267.4 a 179.6 67.2 bc 87.8 a 32.8 ab
WNF 245.5 b 179.6 73.2 b 65.9 b 26.8 b
CK 224.8 c 179.6 80.2 a 45.2 c 19.8 c

Fig. 3

Consumptions of soil water storage in the 0-200 cm soil layer Error bars represent the LSD0.05 on the data at each growth stage."

Table 2

Water consumption amounts and ratios to total water consumption in different periods of wheat growth"

处理
Treatment		 播种至返青
Sowing to revival		 返青至拔节
Revival to jointing		 拔节至开花
Jointing to flowering		 开花至成熟
Flowering to maturity
数量
Amount (mm)		 比例
Ratio (%)		 数量
Amount (mm)		 比例
Ratio (%)		 数量
Amount (mm)		 比例
Ratio (%)		 数量
Amount (mm)		 比例
Ratio (%)
2011-2012
CF 45.1 b 15.4 b 31.2 a 10.6 ab 119.4 a 40.8 a 97.1 b 33.2 a
CNF 71.5 a 23.0 a 23.1 a 7.4 c 107.2 a 34.5 b 108.7 a 35.0 a
WF 52.1 b 16.9 b 33.6 a 10.9 a 118.8 a 38.6 a 103.2 ab 33.5 a
WNF 75.5 a 24.5 a 26.1 a 8.4 abc 108.0 a 35.1 b 98.4 ab 32.0 a
CK 72.4 a 23.2 a 24.8 a 7.9 bc 108.2 a 34.7 b 106.4 ab 34.2 a
2012-2013
CF 22.0 b 8.0 b 78.1 a 28.3 a 106.1 a 38.6 a 68.8 b 25.0 c
CNF 47.3 a 17.5 a 19.3 c 7.3 c 112.3 a 42.1 a 88.6 ab 33.1 b
WF 19.1 b 7.1 b 60.0 ab 22.4 ab 107.6 a 40.1 a 81.4 ab 30.4 bc
WNF 34.4 ab 14.0 ab 37.2 bc 15.1 bc 90.0 a 36.7 a 84.0 ab 34.2 b
CK 20.0 b 8.7 b 17.8 c 8.0 c 95.3 a 42.7 a 92.0 a 40.7 a

Table 3

Grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat"

处理
Treatment		 株高
Plant height
(cm)		 生物量
Biomass
(kg hm-2)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)		 穗数
Spike number (×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grain number per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 水分利用效率
Water use efficiency
(kg hm-2 mm-1)
2011-2012
CF 70.5 a 10386.1 a 4687.5 a 336.0 a 35.7 a 46.6 a 13.9 a
CNF 63.2 b 8694.5 c 3941.5 b 327.6 a 31.1 b 45.8 ab 11.1 c
WF 69.9 a 9765.5 b 4622.0 a 334.3 a 35.2 a 46.3 a 13.1 b
WNF 59.8 c 7851.0 d 3571.0 c 310.4 b 30.4 b 44.7 b 10.2 d
CK 58.9 c 7516.8 d 3529.5 c 305.3 b 30.2 b 45.0 b 9.9 d
2012-2013
CF 65.9 a 8296.1 a 3986.5 a 274.6 a 35.6 a 48.5 ab 12.3 a
CNF 60.2 c 6130.9 c 3012.0 c 240.8 bc 30.4 c 48.6 ab 9.5 c
WF 63.7 b 7058.7 b 3415.5 b 252.7 b 33.9 b 47.4 b 10.8 b
WNF 59.6 c 5750.7 c 2810.5 c 220.2 cd 31.2 c 48.6 ab 9.6 c
CK 56.1 d 4826.5 d 2353.5 d 202.2 d 27.9 d 49.1 a 8.6 d

Table 4

Correlation coefficient between main agronomic characters and grain yield in winter wheat"

性状
Trait		 产量
Grain yield		 穗数
Spike number		 穗粒数
Grain number per spike		 千粒重
1000-grain weight		 株高
Plant height		 生物量
Biomass
穗数 Spike number 0.903**
穗粒数 Grain number per spike 0.810** 0.498
千粒重 1000-grain weight -0.552 -0.812** -0.044
株高 Plant height 0.915** 0.668* 0.934** -0.175
生物量 Biomass 0.993** 0.932** 0.758* -0.557 0.883**
水分利用效率 Water use efficiency 0.950** 0.735* 0.917** -0.261 0.981** 0.930**
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