粮食作物生产系统定量调控理论与技术模式

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.83051

Abstract

Abstract:

Multi-objective collaborative development of crop production with high yield, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness is more important in China. Further improving theoretical models of crop system is a main way to adapt multi-objective coordinated development, and promote the sustainable development of crop production. In this paper, we reviewed current theoretical and technical regulation approaches for crop system. Meanwhile, according to the current crop production developing condition and previous researches, a new model “Three Collaboration Theory and Technology System” was established based on the overall composition of crop system, which can collaboratively optimize the relationship of “climate-crops”, “soil-crops”, and “population-individual” simultaneously. The application and perspective of such model were discussed.

Key words: crop production system, climate, soil, crop, collaborative optimization

ZHAO Ming,ZHOU Bao-Yuan,MA Wei,LI Cong-Feng,DING Zai-Song,SUN Xue-Fang. Theoretical and technical models of quantitative regulation in food crop production system[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(4): 485-498.

Figures/Tables 6

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模式 Cropping system	积温 Accumulated temperature		辐射 Radiation
模式 Cropping system	周年总量 Annual amount (°C)	两季比值 Ratio of two seasons	周年总量 Annual amount (MJ m^-2)	两季比值 Ratio of two seasons
W-M	5330.3±79.3	46:54	4169.5±145.9	60:40
D-D	5275.1±139.8	43:57	4336.6±300.9	58:42
W-R	5237.7±100.1	36:64	4490.1±116.9	53:47
M-M	4974.3±151.9	50:50	3428.7±103.5	58:42
M-R	5439.7±53.0	54:46	3381.3±197.2	55:45
R-R	5645.3±272.5	48:52	3455.3±272.5	54:46
r-r	5250.1±156.1	71:29	3420.2±160.5	72:28

土壤特征 Soil characteristics	东北春玉米区 Spring maize in Northeast China		黄淮海小麦-玉米区 Wheat/maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain		长江中下游稻作区 Rice in Yangtze Plain
土壤特征 Soil characteristics	一般农田 Farmers’ field	高产高效 Optimized field	一般农田 Farmers’ field	高产高效 Optimized field	一般农田 Farmers’ field	高产高效 Optimized field
物理特征Physical characteristics
耕层深 Depth of topsoil (cm)	15.1	26.5	17.2	27.3	14.5	25.0
容重 Soil volume weight (g cm^-3)	1.43	1.21	1.37	1.16	1.54	1.28
耕层有效土量 Effective amount of tilling soil (×10⁶ kg hm^-2)	1.97	3.15	2.21	3.07	2.01	3.18
化学特征Chemical characteristics
有机质 Organic matter (%)	1.81-4.61	2.63-6.67	0.78-1.26	1.12-1.68	0.95-2.45	2.01-3.81
全氮 Total nitrogen (%)	0.08-0.32	0.21-0.52	0.03-0.09	0.08-0.15	0.06-0.13	0.12-0.17
速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg kg^-1)	4-10	8-15	2.8-7.8	6.7-13.2	2.8-6.7	5.5-8.5
速效钾 Available potassium (mg kg^-1)	92-136	116-251	91-136	141-215	53-102	76-142

作物 Crop	叶系统 Leaf system			穗系统 Spike system			产量 Grain yield (kg hm^-2)
作物 Crop	MLAI	MNAR	HI	EN (×10⁴ hm^-2)	GN (No. ear^-1)	GW (g)	产量 Grain yield (kg hm^-2)
春玉米 Spring maize	4.29	5.94	0.49	8.69	411.3	342.8	13121.3
夏玉米 Summer maize	3.42	6.07	0.52	7.98	443.8	362.6	12408.4
冬小麦 Winter wheat	2.72	5.19	0.46	691.0	32.0	45.0	10110.2
水稻 Rice	3.81	3.94	0.51	373.4	129.7	22.5	11306.8

Theoretical and technical models of quantitative regulation in food crop production system

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