干湿交替灌溉耦合施氮量对水稻籽粒灌浆生理和根系生理的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22032

Abstract

Abstract:

Soil moisture and nitrogen nutrient are the two principal factors affecting rice production. Alternating dry and wet irrigation (AWD) coupled with nitrogen application plays important roles in root growth and yield formation in rice. However, its effect on grain filling physiology and their relationship with root physiology is not clearly understood. To explore the effects of alternating dry and wet irrigation and nitrogen application coupling on grain filling, changes of key enzyme activities involved in sucrose-to starch conversion and hormone contents, and root physiology of rice, the super rice variety Nanjing 9108 was cultivated as the material in the field. The field experiments were conducted with two irrigation regimes [conventional irrigation (CI) and AWD] and five nitrogen application rates [no nitrogen fertilizer (0N), 90 kg hm^-2 (90N), 180 kg hm^-2 (180N), 270 kg hm^-2 (270N), and 360 kg hm^-2 (360N) nitrogen fertilizer]. The results showed that there was a significant interaction effect between irrigation method and nitrogen application rate. Alternating dry and wet irrigation increased the maximum grain filling rate and average grain filling rate of Nanjing 9108, and increased the activities of the sucrose synthase enzymes, adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylation enzymes, starch synthase enzymes, and starch branching enzymes, and the contents of zeatin + zeatin riboside, 3-indoleacetic acid and abscisic acid, increased root oxidation activity, and the content of zeatin + zeatin riboside in roots after heading, promoted the transfer of NSC stored in the stem sheath to the grain in the early growth stage of rice, and the highest yield was obtained after coupling with 270N, which was the best water-nitrogen coupling mode in this experiment. In conclusion, the water-nitrogen coupling effect can be exerted by appropriate regulation of water and fertilizer, which can improve the physiological performance of rice roots and grain-filling physiological activity, and achieve high rice yield.

Key words: rice, the alternate wetting and drying irrigation, nitrogen rate, grain filling physiology, root physiology

FU Jing, WANG Ya, YANG Wen-Bo, WANG Yue-Tao, LI Ben-Yin, WANG Fu-Hua, WANG Sheng-Xuan, BAI Tao, YIN Hai-Qing. Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation and nitrogen coupling on grain filling physiology and root physiology in rice[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(3): 808-820.

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变异来源 Source of variations	自由度 DF	产量 Grain yield (t hm^-2)	籽粒平均灌浆速率 Average grain filling rate (mg grain^-1 d^-1)	籽粒细胞分裂素含量 Z+ZR content (pmol g^-1 DW)	根系氧化力 Root oxidation activity (μg g^-1 h^-1)	根系细胞分裂素含量 Z+ZR content (pmol g^-1DW)
年度Year (Y)	1	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
水分Water (W)	1	1248.6^**	844.3^**	437.6^**	573.4^**	681.7^**
施氮量Nitrogen (N)	4	751.8^**	658.6^**	781.2^**	429.6^**	438.2^**
年度×水分Y×W	1	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
年度×施氮量Y×N	4	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
水分×施氮量W×N	4	25.7^**	34.8^**	26.6^**	29.7^**	14.5^**
年度×水分×施氮量Y×W×N	4	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	单位面积穗数 Panicle number (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets (×10⁶ hm^-2)	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Grain yield (t hm^-2)
2017	CI+0N	226.7 h	114.9 h	260.5 i	88.7 a	25.7 a	5.94 h
	CI+90N	260.7 f	129.6 f	337.9 g	83.9 b	25.5 ab	7.23 f
	CI+180N	290.3 d	138.4 e	401.8 e	80.7 bc	25.1 b	8.14 e
	CI+270N	321.7 b	150.5 c	484.2 c	77.4 c	24.9 bc	9.33 b
	CI+360N	324.3 b	158.6 b	514.3 b	68.4 d	23.9 c	8.41 d
	AWD+0N	234.3 g	124.2 fg	291.0 h	90.2 a	25.9 a	6.80 g
	AWD+90N	269.7 e	137.3 e	370.3 f	84.8 b	25.7 a	8.07 e
	AWD+180N	296.7 c	145.7 d	432.3 d	81.1 bc	25.3 b	8.87 c
	AWD+270N	328.7 a	156.6 b	514.7 b	78.3 c	25.1 b	10.11 a
	AWD+360N	331.6 a	165.1 a	547.5 a	69.8 d	24.2 c	9.25 b
2018	CI+0N	228.1 h	113.7 h	259.3 i	89.5 a	25.8 a	5.99 h
	CI+90N	263.3 f	127.9 fg	336.8 g	84.1 b	25.6 a	7.25 f
	CI+180N	286.5 d	139.1 e	398.5 e	81.8 bc	25.1 b	8.18 e
	CI+270N	324.7 b	148.5 cd	482.2 c	78.1 c	24.9 bc	9.38 b
	CI+360N	323.8 b	156.8 b	507.7 b	68.9 d	24.1 c	8.43 d
	AWD+0N	237.3 g	121.2 g	287.6 h	90.8 a	25.8 a	6.74 g
	AWD+90N	272.7 e	136.3 e	371.7 f	85.2 b	25.7 a	8.14 e
	AWD+180N	295.7 c	144.7 d	427.9 d	81.6 bc	25.5 ab	8.90 c
	AWD+270N	331.7 a	155.6 b	516.1 b	78.7 c	25.2 b	10.24 a
	AWD+360N	330.3 a	163.1 a	538.7 a	71.2 d	24.3 c	9.32 b

年份Year	灌溉方式Irrigation model	施氮量(x, kg N hm^-2)与产量(y, kg hm^-2)关系方程 Equation between nitrogen fertilizer rate (x, kg N hm^-2) and grain yield (y, kg hm^-2)	R²	x_opt (kg N hm^-2)	y_max (kg hm^-2)
2017	CI	y = -0.0365x² + 20.981x + 5808.1	0.9343	287.4	8822.95
	AWD	y = -0.0338x² + 19.889x + 6683.7	0.9299	294.2	9609.21
2018	CI	y = -0.0366x² + 20.975x + 5850.3	0.9309	286.5	8854.51
	AWD	y = -0.0358x² + 20.974x + 6633.9	0.9294	292.9	9705.54

处理 Treatment	最大灌浆速率 G_max (mg grain^-1 d^-1)	到达最大灌浆速率的时间 T_max (d)	平均灌浆速率 G_mean (mg grain^-1 d^-1)	活跃灌浆期 D (d)	糙米重 BRW (mg grain^-1)
CI+0N	2.51 b	10.80 f	42.80 b	14.71 e	24.45 b
CI+90N	2.43 c	10.99 e	41.35 c	15.01 d	24.17 bc
CI+180N	2.09 e	11.78 c	38.17 e	17.36 b	23.80 d
CI+270N	2.07 e	11.92 c	36.50 f	17.29 b	23.67 d
CI+360N	1.73 f	12.48 a	29.48 h	19.37 a	22.08 f
AWD+0N	2.62 a	10.71 f	46.27 a	14.40 e	24.72 a
AWD+90N	2.51 b	10.89 ef	42.83 b	14.77 e	24.28 b
AWD+180N	2.41 c	10.99 e	41.38 c	15.12 d	24.08 c
AWD+270N	2.25 d	11.42 d	39.90 d	16.07 c	23.91 cd
AWD+360N	1.79 f	12.30 b	29.85 g	19.20 a	22.43 e

籽粒灌浆速率 Grain-filling rate	蔗糖合成酶 SuSase	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶 AGPase	淀粉合成酶 StSase	淀粉分支酶 SBE
CI+0N	0.916^**	0.895^**	0.802^**	0.506
CI+90N	0.887^**	0.883^**	0.812^**	0.494
CI+180N	0.892^**	0.896^**	0.835^**	0.569
CI+270N	0.858^**	0.869^**	0.798^**	0.527
CI+360N	0.825^**	0.784^*	0.689^*	0.431
AWD+0N	0.903^**	0.885^**	0.800^**	0.461
AWD+90N	0.875^**	0.869^**	0.803^**	0.446
AWD+180N	0.832^**	0.830^**	0.798^**	0.423
AWD+270N	0.806^**	0.829^**	0.763^*	0.419
AWD+360N	0.815^**	0.780^*	0.677^*	0.427

Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation and nitrogen coupling on grain filling physiology and root physiology in rice

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