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Genome-wide identification of the TaAPC11 gene family in wheat and functional characterization of TaAPC11-5B in drought stress responses

Hu Cheng-Zhen1,2,Gao Wei-Dong1,2,Kong Bing-Xue1,3,Wang Jian-Fei1,2,Che Zhuo1,Yang De-Long1,2,*,Chen Tao1,2,*   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; 2 College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; 3 College of Agricultural, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2025-03-13 Revised:2025-08-13 Accepted:2025-08-13 Published:2025-08-22
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by Breakthrough Project in Seed Industry of Gansu Province (GYGG-2024-2), Innovative Research Group Project of Gansu Province (24JRRA633), the Key Science and Technology Special Project of Gansu Province (22ZD6NA009), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32360518, 32260520, 32160487), Key Cultivation Project of University Research and Innovation Platform of Gansu Province (2024CXPT-01), the Development Fund Project of National Guiding Local Science and Technology (23ZYQA0322), the Industrial Support Plan of Colleges and Universities in Gansu Province (2022CYZC-44), Gansu Provincial Education Department Young Doctor Support Project (2024QB-062), Open Fund for the State Key Laboratory of Crop Science in Arid Habitat Jointly Established by the Ministry of Provinces and China (GSCS-2023-07), Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province (25YFWA020), and the Graduate Innovation Star Project 2025 by Gansu Provincial Education Department, China (2025CXZX-853).

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Abstract:

The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a multi-subunit cullin-RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulates cell cycle progression by ubiquitinating specific target proteins via its RING domain-containing subunit, APC11, thereby contributing to plant responses to abiotic stress. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification of the TaAPC11 gene family in wheat using bioinformatics approaches, with a particular focus on elucidating the biological function of TaAPC11-5B in drought stress regulation. A total of 23 TaAPC11 members were identified in the wheat genome and classified into three subfamilies, all exhibiting conserved gene structures and motifs. Synteny analysis revealed that segmental duplications, driven by purifying selection, contributed to the expansion of the TaAPC11 family. Cis-acting element analysis indicated an abundance of abiotic stress-responsive elements in the promoters of TaAPC11 genes. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that transcripts of TaAPC11-5B, 6A2, 4D1, and 3B2 were significantly upregulated by PEG-6000 and ABA treatments, with TaAPC11-5B exhibiting the strongest response under PEG-6000-induced drought stress. Comparative analysis between wild-type (WT) and TaAPC11-5B-overexpressing rice lines (TaAPC11-5B-OE) under PEG-6000 treatment demonstrated that the overexpression lines had significantly higher survival rates, increased plant height, and a reduced leaf rolling index compared to WT plants. Physiological assays further revealed that TaAPC11-5B-OE plants exhibited lower relative electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, but higher proline accumulation under drought conditions. Moreover, DAB (3,3'-diaminobenzidine) and NBT (nitroblue tetrazolium) staining, along with antioxidant enzyme activity assays, showed that TaAPC11-5B-OE plants accumulated less hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2?) while displaying enhanced activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Collectively, these results suggest that TaAPC11-5B enhances drought tolerance by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. This study provides a theoretical basis and genetic resource for further understanding the drought-responsive mechanisms mediated by TaAPC11-5B in wheat.

Key words: wheat, drought stress, gene family, TaAPC11-5B, expression pattern, drought-tolerance validation

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