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Differences in oil and sucrose content of peanuts in ecological regions at different altitudes and association study of sucrose content

GUO Jian-Bin1,YUAN Xiao-Yan2,FU Ming-Lian2,CHEN Wei-Gang1,LUO Huai-Yong1,LIU Nian1,HUANG Li1,ZHOU Xiao-Jing1,JIANG Hui-Fang1,LIAO Bo-Shou1,LEI Yong1,*   

  1. 1 Oil Crops Research Institute, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China; 2 Industrial Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2025-03-18 Revised:2025-07-09 Accepted:2025-07-09 Published:2025-07-14
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1200201), the National Program for Crop Germplasm Protection of China (19210163), the Project of the Development for High-quality Seed Industry of Hubei Province (HBZY2023B00305), and the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-13-Germplasm Resource Evaluation).

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Abstract:

Oil content and sucrose content are the most important quality traits for oil-use and edible peanuts, respectively. Cultivating peanuts in high-altitude, cooler regions is an important strategy to expand planting areas and enhance production capacity. To investigate the effects of altitude on peanut oil and sucrose contents, a total of 404 peanut germplasms were planted in Wuhan and Kunming over two consecutive years, and their oil and sucrose contents were measured. The results showed that peanuts grown in high-altitude regions had decreased oil content and increased sucrose content, with the increase in sucrose being much greater than the reduction in oil. Comparative analysis revealed that no accessions with high sucrose content (>5%) were found in the Wuhan environment, while only three accessions showed stable and high oil content across both altitudes, indicating their potential as elite parents for breeding oil-use varieties adapted to high-altitude regions. The effects of altitude on oil and sucrose contents varied among accessions with different botanical types and seed sizes, with large-seeded accessions being more sensitive to altitude-related ecological factors than small-seeded ones. Additionally, an association study for sucrose content identified four significant SSR markers, explaining 5.85%–7.68% of the phenotypic variation, located on chromosomes B01, B05, A09, and B09. Notably, when compared with our previous oil content association study, the marker pPGPseq8D9, significantly associated with oil content, was also located on chromosome A09, though at a different position 10.45 Mb for sucrose and 119.60 Mb for oil. These findings highlight that altitude significantly affects key quality traits such as oil and sucrose content. Therefore, the influence of high-altitude ecological conditions on peanut quality should be carefully considered in production. The substantial increase in sucrose content makes high-altitude regions favorable for developing edible peanut varieties, whereas the development of oil-use varieties in such regions should prioritize selecting genotypes with stable and high oil content to mitigate the negative impact of altitude.

Key words: peanut, altitude, oil content, sucrose content, association study

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