云南中海拔高原区夏玉米生育期的降水、需水与水分盈亏特征分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.63029

Abstract

Abstract: Understanding the water supply and demand characteristics of summer maize in the mid-altitude plateau region of Yunnan Province is critical for drought prevention and water management under climate change. Based on daily meteorological data from 1959 to 2023, this study used the crop coefficient method to analyze interannual trends and differences in water supply and demand across different growth stages, as well as variations at the 10-day, or dekad, scale. A water surplus/deficit index was used to assess drought and waterlogging risks at different levels. The results showed that: (1) Over the entire growing season, precipitation and effective precipitation decreased significantly by 25.25 mm and 9.06 mm per decade, respectively, particularly during the tasseling–maturity stage. Water demand showed no significant trend, except for a decrease of 0.78 mm per decade during the milk–maturity stage. Consequently, the supplemental irrigation requirement increased by 7.80 mm per decade over the whole season. (2) At the dekad scale, both precipitation and effective precipitation showed a unimodal distribution, peaking in late June and late July, respectively. Water demand peaked from early June to late July, exceeding precipitation and resulting in a mismatch between water supply and demand, with supplemental irrigation requirements of 12.35–19.27 mm. (3) Across the main growth stages, precipitation and effective precipitation first increased and then decreased, reaching their maxima during the jointing–tasseling and tasseling–milk stages, respectively. Water demand was highest during the jointing–tasseling stage and lowest during the milk–maturity stage. As a result, a net water deficit requiring 114.08 mm of supplemental irrigation occurred from sowing to milk stage, whereas the milk–maturity stage showed a water surplus of 21.68 mm, indicating a need for drainage. (4) The water surplus/deficit index indicated a high probability of suitable water conditions over the whole growing season (0.80). However, drought was highly likely during the sowing–emergence stage (0.65), water conditions were relatively suitable from emergence to milk stage (0.58–0.73), and waterlogging was likely during the milk–maturity stage (0.50). These findings provide a scientific basis for targeted drought mitigation, drainage management, and efficient water regulation for summer maize production in this region.

Key words: summer maize, mid-altitude plateau region, growth period, water demand, drought/flooding risk probability

Guo Song, Wang Dan, Yu Ming-Yong, Li Qiu-Zhuo, Yang Zheng-Nan, Tian Jin-Yu, Qi Si-Qi, Jiang Ge, Duan Xue-Mei, Zhang Jia-Yun, Li Meng. Analysis of precipitation, water demand, and water surplus/deficit characteristics during the growth period of summer maize in the mid-altitude plateau region of Yunnan province, China[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 0, (): 0-.

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Analysis of precipitation, water demand, and water surplus/deficit characteristics during the growth period of summer maize in the mid-altitude plateau region of Yunnan province, China

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