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Acta Agron Sin ›› 2009, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 191-202.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.00191

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS •     Next Articles

Inheritance of Elite Alleles of Yield and Quality Traits in the Pedigrees of Major cultivar Families Released in Huanghuai Valleys and Southern China

ZHANG Jun12,ZHAO Tuan-Jie1,GAI Jun-YI1*   

  1. 1Soybean Research Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University/National Center for Soybean Improvement/National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, China;2Binzhou Vocational College,Binzhou 256603,China
  • Received:2008-05-14 Revised:2008-09-16 Online:2009-02-12 Published:2009-02-12
  • Contact: GAI Jun-Yi

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Abstract:

It is commonly understand that molecular markers have provided an opportunity for plant breeders to trace genetic relationship precisely among released cultivars, while it can be done only roughly through pedigree analysis. In the present study, 163 released soybean cultivars of the five major family pedigrees in Huanghuai Valleys and Southern China, with 58-161, Xudou 1, Qihuang 1, Nannong 493-1, and Nannong 1138-2 as their respective pedigree ancestor, were analyzed for transition of elite alleles of yield and quality traits in each family pedigree based on the association analysis between 85 SSR loci and agronomic traits in 190 released cultivars in the same region. Two best alleles of each of the nine, three, two and four major loci, explaining 91%, 36%, 13%, and 31% of total phenotypic variation of the four traits, respectively, were traced for their transition in the five cultivar pedigrees. It was found that each pedigree ancestor had its own elite alleles which transited to its progenies, but some of them might be lost during the process. The five family pedigrees tended to share all the elite alleles but with different frequency distributions due to diverse parental materials used in the pedigrees. The cultivars in the pedigrees had different number of elite alleles for yield, where the highest elite allele number contained in a cultivar was seven but not the full of 9 and the average was only 2.33, indicating great yield potential in recombination and accumulation of elite alleles for future breeding. Under the experiment conditions, the average yield of high-yielding cultivars was 2.36 times of that of low-yielding cultivars while the average elite allele number of the former was 4.17 times of that of the latter, but the composition of elite alleles among the high-yielding cultivars was quite different. On the other hand, unusual cases of some cultivars with high yield but less elite alleles and some with low yield but more elite alleles were also observed. It is suggested for breeders to conserve carefully the old cultivars for future breeding since they might have some specific elite alleles in their genome.

Key words: Soybean released cultivar, Family pedigree, Elite allele, Inheritance

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