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Acta Agron Sin ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (07): 1043-1056.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.01043

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Canopy Architecture, Physiological Characteristics and Assimilate Partitioning in Wheat Cultivars with 9000 kg hm?2 Yield Potential in Sichuan Basin

WU Xiao-Li1,LI Chao-Su1,TANG Yong-Lu1,*,LI Jun1,MA Xiao-Ling1,LI Shi-Zhao1,HUANG Ming-Bo2   

  1. 1Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 610066 Chengdu, China; 2 Guanghan Productivity Promotion Center, Guanghan 618300, China
  • Received:2016-02-23 Revised:2017-03-01 Online:2017-07-12 Published:2017-04-19
  • Contact: Tang Yonglu, E-mail: ttyycc88@163.com, Tel: 028-84504601 E-mail:wuxiaolicjq@126.com
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-3-1-23) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571590).

Abstract:

In contrast to the outstanding breeding progress of high-yield wheat in Sichuan Basin of China, the physiological basis of high-yield-potential cultivars is unclear due to seldom studies. In this study, a five-year field experiment (2011–2015) was carried out to compare the differences of canopy structure after anthesis, canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP), chlorophyll content (SPAD), and dry matter partitioning between high-yield and normal-yield potential cultivars. Three typical high-yield and three normal-yield potential cultivars were selected, and the average yield of the high-yield potential cultivars (9422 and kg ha-1) was 14.3% higher than that of the normal-yield potential cultivars owing to higher biomass or harvest index. Compared with the normal-yield potential cultivars, the high-yield potential cultivars had shorter and wider flag leaves (length-to-width ratio lower than 10) and showed obvious increases of basal and open angles of the topmost three leaves from early anthesis to mid-filling stage. From anthesis to late-filling stage, SPAD values of the topmost three leaves and CAP values at 0 and 20 days after anthesis were significantly higher in the high-yield potential cultivars than in the normal-yield potential cultivars, with the largest difference of CAP between 10:00 and 12:00 hour. In addition, the high-yield potential cultivars showed higher biomass proportion of stem and sheath at anthesis and higher (1–4 percentage points) biomass proportion of grain at maturity than the normal-yield potential cultivars. Grain yield was closely related to morphological and physiological parameters in wheat. For example, grain yield was positively correlated with basal angles of flag leaf (r = 0.947, P < 0.01) and the second leaf from top (r = 0.963, P < 0.01) at grain-filling stage and negatively correlated with leaf length-to-width ratios of flag leaf (r = -0.913, P < 0.01) and the second leaf from top (r = -0.911, P < 0.01). Grain yield was also positively correlated (P < 0.01) with SPAD values of the topmost three leaves (r = 0.75, 0.90, and 0.82), but negatively correlated with the proportion of spike rachis at maturity (r = ?0.956, P < 0.01). Our results indicate that moderate plant height, compact plant type, high SPAD and CAP values after anthesis, and proper dry matter partitioning are important factors in high-yielding physiology of wheat.

Key words: Wheat, Canopy architecture, Canopy apparent photosynthesis, Dry matter partitioning, Grain yield

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