双季机插稻叶龄模式参数及高产品种特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01844

Abstract

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to provide references for the breeding and precise quantitative cultivation of high-yielding cultivars of machine-transplanted double cropping rice. Therefore a two-year field experiment was conducted with 19 early rice cultivars and 20 late rice cultivars to determine the leaf-age-model parameters and characteristics of high-yielding cultivars of machine-transplanted double cropping rice by using clustering and variance analysis methods in double-cropping rice areas (Shanggao of Jiangxi) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The average total number of leaves (N) in the main stem of the early rice was 10.7 to 12.2, the number of leaves varied from 10 to 13, the average number of internodes (n) was four and the stage of tiller equal panicle was N-n+1. For machine-transplanted late rice, N was ranged from 14.4 to 15.2, the number of leaves varied from 14 to 16, n was five, and the stage of tiller equal panicle was N-n. Machine-transplanted double cropping rice with high-yield ability had the basic characteristics of medium tillering ability, greater grain-leaf ratio, higher panicle-bearing tiller rate, ear size, total spikelets, daily production, biomass accumulation per stem and leaf area index (LAI) as well as higher leaf area per stem in mid and latter stages. While there were some differences in population quality between early rice and late rice. For high-yielding cultivars of machine-transplanted early rice, the growth duration, daily yield, tillering ability, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were 110-113 d, 75-79 kg ha ^-1 d ^-1, 2.6-3.4 spikes per plant, 115-135 and 26-28 g, respectively. The corresponding value of machine-transplanted late rice were 115-120 d, 78-82 kg ha ^-1 d ^-1, 4.2-4.8 spikes per plant, 130-150 and 24-27 g, respectively.

Key words: double rice, machine transplanting, leaf-age-model parameters, variety characteristics, grain yield

Wei-Sheng LYU,Yong-Jun ZENG,Qing-Hua SHI,Xiao-Hua PAN,Shan HUANG,Qing-Yin SHANG,Xue-Ming TAN,Mu-Ying LI,Shui-Xiu HU,Yan-Hua ZENG. Leaf-age-model Parameters and Characteristics of High-yield Cultivars of Machine-transplanted Double Cropping Rice[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(12): 1844-1857.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1

Cultivars used in this experiment"

早稻品种 Cultivar of early rice	编号 Code	品种类型 Type of cultivar	晚稻品种 Cultivar of late rice	编号 Code	品种类型 Type of cultivar
中嘉早17 Zhongjiazao 17	E1	常规籼稻IIR	广两优7203 Guangliangyou 7203	L1	杂交籼稻IHR
嘉早311 Jiazao 311	E2	常规籼稻IIR	五优308 Wuyou 308	L2	杂交籼稻IHR
株两优30 Zhuliangyou 30	E3	杂交籼稻IHR	早丰优华占 Zaofengyouhuazhan	L3	杂交籼稻IHR
嘉育253 Jiayu 253	E4	常规籼稻IIR	广两优7217 Guangliangyou 7217	L4	杂交籼稻IHR
株两优189 Zhuliangyou 189	E5	常规籼稻IIR	五丰优T025 Wufengyou T025	L5	杂交籼稻IHR
淦鑫203 Ganxin 203	E6	常规籼稻IIR	两优33 Liangyou 33	L6	杂交籼稻IHR
金优458 Jinyou 458	E7	杂交籼稻IHR	荣优308 Rongyou 308	L7	杂交籼稻IHR
中早39 Zhongzao 39	E8	常规籼稻IIR	五优103 Wuyou 103	L8	杂交籼稻IHR
中早35 Zhongzao 35	E9	常规籼稻IIR	湘丰优9号 Xiangfengyou 9	L9	杂交籼稻IHR
陆两优996 Luliangyou 996	E10	杂交籼稻IHR	H优518 H you 518	L10	杂交籼稻IHR
五优286 Wuyou 286	E11	杂交籼稻IHR	荣优225 Rongyou 225	L11	杂交籼稻IHR
陵两优281 Lingliangyou 281	E12	杂交籼稻IHR	深优1029 Shenyou 1029	L12	杂交籼稻IHR
潭两优83 Tanliangyou 83	E13	杂交籼稻IHR	隆香优130 Longxiangyou 130	L13	杂交籼稻IHR
金早47 Jinzao 47	E14	常规籼稻IIR	万象优1号 Wanxiangyou 1	L14	杂交籼稻IHR
两优早17 Liangyouzao 17	E15	杂交籼稻IHR	永优9830 Yongyou 9830	L15	杂交籼稻IHR
陵两优722 Lingliangyou 722	E16	杂交籼稻IHR	H优159 H you 159	L16	杂交籼稻IHR
湘早籼45 Xiangzaoxian 45	E17	常规籼稻IIR	隆香优华占 Longxiangyouhuazhan	L17	杂交籼稻IHR
株两优538 Zhuliangyou 538	E18	杂交籼稻IHR	圣丰1优319 Shengfeng 1 you 319	L18	杂交籼稻IHR
陵两优211 Lingliangyou 211	E19	杂交籼稻IHR	泰优398 Taiyou 398	L19	杂交籼稻IHR
			盛泰优9713 Shengtaiyou 9713	L20	杂交籼稻IHR

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig. 1

Table 5

Grain yield and its components of machine-transplanted early rice"

品种 Cultivar	有效穗数 Panicle number (×10⁴hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets (×10⁴hm^-2)	结实率 Filled grain percentage (%)	千粒重1000-grain weight (g)	实产 Grain yield (kg hm^-2)	生育期Growth duration (d)	日产量 Daily yield (kg hm^-2d^-1)
高产High yield
E1	341.07	137.34	46841.33	81.12	26.26	8885.07	113	78.63
E2	337.55	134.64	45446.61	80.46	27.27	8716.01	111	78.52
E3	358.98	116.46	41805.24	83.06	27.73	8577.43	111	77.27
E4	327.52	131.55	43087.18	81.41	26.68	8521.97	113	75.42
E5	350.34	121.00	41300.40	82.80	26.75	8488.18	111	76.47
平均Mean	343.09±12.06 a	128.20±9.03 a	43696.15±2379.19 a	81.77±1.12 a	26.94±0.57 a	8637.73±163.33 a	111.8±1.2 a	77.26±1.37 a
中产Middle yield
E6	337.80	113.13	38215.82	84.40	28.02	8253.49	117	70.54
E7	329.51	120.47	39695.59	84.07	27.12	8237.90	116	71.02
E8	325.75	126.87	41328.23	82.78	26.25	8210.87	114	72.03
E9	330.32	130.07	42964.07	78.87	26.93	8191.96	116	70.62
E10	349.74	114.22	39945.57	80.80	27.38	7876.95	115	68.50
E11	325.74	134.54	43824.40	81.31	24.61	7869.01	115	68.43
E12	341.87	123.07	42074.47	78.00	26.41	7813.43	114	68.54
E13	345.27	113.67	39246.27	83.23	25.66	7755.74	112	69.25
E14	333.30	126.71	42232.44	78.54	25.83	7749.90	114	67.98
平均Mean	335.48±8.67 a	122.53±7.73 a	41058.54±1878.35 b	81.33±2.45 a	26.47±1.03 ab	7995.47±221.16 b	113.8±1.5 a	69.65±1.43 b
低产 Low yield
E15	331.27	112.86	37386.57	81.23	26.45	7424.35	113	65.70
E16	345.87	106.01	36665.68	80.31	27.12	7415.45	116	63.93
E17	336.43	120.71	40611.09	81.06	25.05	7414.33	111	66.80
E18	351.98	113.37	39903.41	78.99	25.15	7134.79	114	62.59
E19	341.48	105.73	36104.15	79.49	26.14	6898.69	113	61.05
平均Mean	341.40±8.05 a	111.74±6.19 b	38134.18±2006.35 c	80.22±0.97 a	25.98±0.88 b	7257.52±235.15 c	113.4±1.8 a	64.01±2.31 c

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Grain yield and its components of machine-transplanted late rice"

品种 Cultivar	有效穗数 Panicle number (×10⁴hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets (×10⁴hm^-2)	结实率 Filled grain percentage (%)	千粒重1000-grain weight (g)	实产 Grain yield (kg hm^-2)	生育期Growth duration (d)	日产量 Daily yield (kg hm^-2 d^-1)
高产High yield
L1	330.22	138.74	45813.32	86.44	27.89	9620.33	118	81.53
L2	341.90	146.68	50150.70	86.72	24.63	9562.96	117	81.73
L3	352.74	134.18	47331.09	88.51	24.72	9544.33	117	81.58
L4	328.42	136.58	44856.44	87.94	28.01	9525.33	116	82.11
L5	330.72	153.99	50928.12	86.23	24.15	9468.32	118	80.24
L6	305.99	146.16	44721.99	86.53	26.73	9400.10	119	78.99
L7	337.25	140.22	47289.20	88.12	25.09	9265.67	119	77.86
平均Mean	332.46±14.42 a	142.36±9.91 a	47298.70±2453.51 a	87.21±0.94 a	25.89±1.62 a	9483.86±119.11 a	117.7±1.9 a	80.58±1.61 a
中产Middle yield
L8	303.24	153.09	46423.29	84.77	25.56	9113.67	117	77.89
L9	335.17	132.07	44265.34	86.36	25.91	9091.01	114	79.75
L10	354.19	119.00	42148.61	89.29	27.66	8863.35	116	76.41
L11	316.42	138.20	43729.84	86.85	25.51	8828.67	119	74.19
L12	296.32	144.51	42821.63	89.75	25.44	8771.67	118	74.34
L13	295.09	151.67	44756.05	85.48	25.43	8740.88	116	75.35
L14	341.09	134.10	45398.54	84.53	25.19	8695.67	120	72.46
L15	315.40	121.85	38431.49	90.90	27.45	8671.00	113	76.73
L16	365.33	108.25	39545.80	88.68	27.59	8663.05	117	74.36
平均Mean	324.70±25.49 a	132.53±15.18 ab	43095.88±2650.91 b	87.41±2.32 a	26.19±1.05 a	8826.55±170.35 b	116.6±2.2 a	75.72±2.22 b
低产 Low yield
L17	296.82	146.28	43416.90	90.10	24.08	8531.25	117	72.92
L18	381.67	107.83	41156.57	86.61	26.61	8505.13	117	72.69
L19	360.37	118.59	42738.40	87.43	24.72	8336.29	112	74.43
L20	335.22	122.96	41217.37	83.54	26.34	8167.52	115	71.02
平均Mean	343.52±36.47 a	123.92±16.21 b	42132.31±1126.45 b	86.92±2.70 a	25.44±1.23 a	8385.05±168.81 c	115.3±2.4 a	72.77±1.42 c

Table 7

Table 8

Table 9

Table 10

Table 11

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季别 Season	变异来源 Source	自由度 df	平方和 SS	均方 MS	F值 F-value
早稻	年度Year	1	166703.05	166703.05	4.16^*
Early rice	品种Cultivar	18	32532650.11	1807369.45	45.06^**
	年度×品种Year × cultivar	18	139312.89	7739.61	0.19 ^ns
	误差Error	76	3048252.43	40108.58
	总变异Total	113	35886918.48
晚稻	年度Year	1	150690.65	150690.65	3.79 ^ns
Late rice	品种Cultivar	19	22829786.09	1201567.69	38.18^**
	年度×品种Year × cultivar	19	576377.46	30335.66	0.96 ^ns
	误差Error	80	2517577.71	31469.72
	总变异Total	119	26074431.92

产量因素 Yield component	产量结构间相关系数 Correlation coefficient among yield components					对Y效应 (P_i→Y)	对X₃效应 (P_i→X₃)
产量因素 Yield component	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	Y (yield)	对Y效应 (P_i→Y)	对X₃效应 (P_i→X₃)
有效穗 Panicle number (X₁)	-0.505^*	-0.194	-0.012	0.227	-0.077		0.377
每穗粒数 Grains per panicle (X₂)		0.942^**	-0.101	-0.227	0.671^**		1.132
颖花量 Total spikelets (X₃)			-0.136	-0.164	0.722^**	0.849
结实率 Filled grain percentage (X₄)				0.309	0.424	0.405
千粒重 1000-grain weight (X₅)					0.422	0.436

产量因素 Yield component	产量结构间相关系数 Correlation coefficient among yield components					对Y效应 (P_i→Y)	对X₃效应 (P_i→X₃)
产量因素 Yield component	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	Y (yield)	对Y效应 (P_i→Y)	对X₃效应 (P_i→X₃)
有效穗 Panicle number (X₁)	-0.775^**	-0.173	-0.019	0.192	-0.098		1.028
每穗粒数 Grains per panicle (X₂)		0.753^**	-0.225	-0.526^*	0.514^*		1.549
颖花量 Total spikelets (X₃)			-0.361	-0.612^**	0.719^**	1.313
结实率 Filled grain percentage (X₄)				0.142	0.007	0.374
千粒重 1000-grain weight (X₅)					-0.001	0.475

季别 Season	类型 Type	分蘖增长率 Increase rate of tillering (×10⁴ hm^-2 d^-1)	分蘖下降率 Decrease rate of tillering (×10⁴ hm^-2 d^-1)	高峰苗数 Number of peak tiller (×10⁴ hm^-2)	分蘖力 Tillering ability (panicle per stem)	成穗率 Rate of effective ear (%)
早稻	高产HY (n = 5)	10.91±1.28 a	6.72±0.98 a	505.69±31.97 a	3.05±0.41 a	68.24±2.65 a
Early rice	中产MY (n = 9)	11.23±1.06 a	7.31±0.95 a	511.39±29.81 a	3.13±0.42 a	65.85±2.59 ab
	低产LY (n = 5)	11.72±0.98 a	7.77±0.84 a	529.00±26.22 a	3.16±0.33 a	64.18±2.32 b
晚稻	高产HY (n = 7)	15.43±1.23 a	9.26±0.91 a	584.58±16.99 a	4.53±0.29 a	57.29±1.38 a
Late rice	中产MY (n = 9)	15.28±1.38 a	9.34±0.82 a	579.17±26.22 a	4.46±0.28 a	56.49±1.09 ab
	低产LY (n = 4)	16.55±1.95 a	10.41±1.35 a	622.82±33.44 a	4.56±0.37 a	53.92±2.02 b

类型 Type	幼穗分化III期Panicle initiation		抽穗期Heading		成熟期Maturity		花后干物质积累量 Biomass accumulation from heading to maturity (kg hm^-2)
类型 Type	总量 Total biomass (kg hm^-2)	单茎干物质量Biomass per stem (g)	总量 Total biomass (kg hm^-2)	单茎干物质量Biomass per stem (g)	总量 Total biomass (kg hm^-2)	单茎干物质量Biomass per stem (g)
早稻Early rice
高产HY (n = 5)	2193.41±61.83 a	0.44±0.04 a	8408.71±154.79 a	2.44±0.08 a	14344.67±174.35 a	4.17±0.11 a	5935.96±111.77 a
中产MY (n = 9)	2217.96±178.50 a	0.44±0.05 a	8128.87±237.47 b	2.42±0.12 a	13347.14±309.72 b	3.97±0.16 a	5218.26±220.30 b
低产LY (n = 5)	2139.63±97.62 a	0.41±0.03 a	7415.32±214.19 c	2.17±0.10 b	12475.42±450.33 c	3.65±0.20 b	5060.10±346.06 b
晚稻Late rice
高产HY (n = 7)	4113.70±152.36 a	0.71±0.03 a	10411.51±251.61 a	3.12±0.16 a	16383.90±219.91 a	4.91±0.24 a	5972.39±164.51 a
中产MY (n = 9)	4055.24±269.59 a	0.70±0.04 a	9766.09±359.61 b	3.01±0.29 ab	15534.38±351.03 b	4.77±0.32 ab	5768.29±348.15 ab
低产LY (n = 4)	4245.96±271.89 a	0.67±0.07 a	9342.54±330.26 b	2.75±0.27 b	14738.69±419.56 c	4.35±0.44 b	5396.15±303.03 b

Leaf-age-model Parameters and Characteristics of High-yield Cultivars of Machine-transplanted Double Cropping Rice

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品种 Cultivar	平均叶数 Leaf number of main stem		叶数变幅 Change amplitude of leaf number		众数叶龄 Mode leaf number		够苗叶龄 Stage of tiller equal panicle		伸长节间 Elongated internode number
品种 Cultivar	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014
E1	11.5	11.6	11-13	11-13	12	12	8.7	8.6	4	4
E2	10.9	11.1	10-12	10-12	11	11	8.1	8.1	4	4
E3	10.9	11.0	10-12	10-12	11	11	7.9	7.9	4	4
E4	11.4	11.6	10-12	10-12	12	12	8.7	8.5	4	4
E5	10.8	10.8	10-12	10-12	11	11	7.9	7.9	4	4
E6	11.8	11.9	11-13	11-13	12	12	8.7	8.6	4	4
E7	11.5	11.6	11-13	11-13	12	12	8.5	8.4	4	4
E8	11.7	11.6	11-13	11-13	12	12	8.6	8.6	4	4
E9	12.1	12.2	11-13	11-13	12	12	8.9	8.8	4	4
E10	11.7	11.8	11-13	11-13	12	12	8.7	8.7	4	4
E11	12.0	12.1	11-13	11-13	12	12	8.7	8.6	4	4
E12	11.0	11.0	10-12	10-12	11	11	7.8	7.7	4	4
E13	11.1	11.3	10-12	10-12	11	11	8.2	8.0	4	4
E14	12.0	12.1	11-13	11-13	12	12	8.9	8.8	4	4
E15	10.9	11.0	10-12	10-12	11	11	7.9	7.9	4	4
E16	11.1	11.4	10-12	10-12	11	11	8.1	8.0	4	4
E17	11.0	11.1	10-12	10-12	11	11	8.3	8.3	4	4
E18	11.1	11.2	10-12	10-12	11	11	8.1	8.0	4	4
E19	10.7	10.8	10-11	10-11	11	11	7.7	7.6	4	4

类型 Type	幼穗分化III期Panicle initiation		抽穗期Heading		成熟期Maturity		粒叶比 Grain-leaf ratio (spikelet per cm²)
类型 Type	LAI	单茎叶面积 Leaf area per stem (cm²)	LAI	单茎叶面积 Leaf area per stem (cm²)	LAI	单茎叶面积 Leaf area per stem (cm²)	粒叶比 Grain-leaf ratio (spikelet per cm²)
早稻 Early rice
高产HY (n = 5)	3.15±0.11 a	62.64±5.44 a	6.11±0.11 a	178.25±5.66 a	3.76±0.32 a	109.92±10.68 a	0.7149±0.0287 a
中产MY (n = 9)	3.00±0.29 a	58.85±6.35 ab	5.92±0.14 ab	176.41±5.55 a	3.14±0.16 b	93.66±4.57 b	0.6945±0.0379 ab
低产LY (n = 5)	2.89±0.38 a	54.54±5.50 b	5.57±0.15 b	163.33±7.02 b	2.86±0.20 c	83.91±7.63 c	0.6761±0.0268 b
晚稻 Late rice
高产HY (n = 7)	5.18±0.25 a	90.52±3.88 a	7.04±0.47 a	211.81±10.77 a	3.62±0.21 a	108.98±5.77 a	0.6744±0.0552 a
中产MY (n = 9)	5.05±0.46 a	87.18±9.62 a	6.52±0.37 b	201.76±19.22 ab	3.41±0.31 ab	105.48±9.87 ab	0.6577±0.0367 a
低产LY (n = 4)	5.27±0.73 a	82.96±6.81 a	6.49±0.19 b	190.19±14.02 b	3.19±0.29 b	96.41±4.22 b	0.6496±0.0331 a

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品种 Cultivar	平均叶数 Leaf number of main stem		叶数变幅 Change amplitude of leaf number		众数叶龄 Mode leaf number		够苗叶龄 Stage of tiller equal panicle		伸长节间 Elongated internode number
品种 Cultivar	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014	2013	2014
L1	15.0	14.8	14-16	14-16	15	15	9.3	9.5	5	5
L2	14.8	14.8	14-16	14-16	15	15	9.3	9.3	5	5
L3	14.8	14.7	14-16	14-16	15	15	9.1	9.2	5	5
L4	14.8	14.6	14-16	14-15	15	15	9.1	9.2	5	5
L5	15.0	14.8	14-16	14-16	15	15	9.3	9.5	5	5
L6	15.0	14.9	14-16	14-16	15	15	9.4	9.5	5	5
L7	14.9	15.0	14-16	14-16	15	15	9.5	9.4	5	5
L8	15.0	14.8	14-16	14-16	15	15	9.4	9.6	5	5
L9	14.8	14.6	14-16	14-16	15	15	9.0	9.2	5	5
L10	14.7	14.6	14-16	14-16	15	15	9.0	9.1	5	5
L11	15.1	14.9	14-16	14-16	15	15	9.4	9.6	5	5
L12	15.0	15.0	14-16	14-16	15	15	9.7	9.7	5	5
L13	14.8	14.6	14-15	14-15	15	15	9.4	9.5	5	5
L14	15.2	14.9	14-16	14-16	15	15	9.4	9.7	5	5
L15	14.5	14.4	14-15	14-15	14.5	14	9.2	9.3	5	5
L16	15.0	14.7	14-16	14-16	15	15	9.1	9.4	5	5
L17	14.6	14.5	14-15	14-15	15	14.5	9.3	9.4	5	5
L18	15.0	14.8	14-16	14-16	15	15	9.1	9.3	5	5
L19	14.5	14.5	14-15	14-15	14.5	14.5	9.0	9.1	5	5
L20	14.8	14.6	14-16	14-15	15	15	9.2	9.4	5	5