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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 755-763.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84084

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Response mechanism of sweet potato storage root formation and bulking to soil compaction and its relationship with yield

Wen-Qing SHI1,Bin-Bin ZHANG1,Hong-Juan LIU1,Qing-Xin ZHAO2,Chun-Yu SHI1,*(),Xin-Jian WANG1,Cheng-Cheng SI1   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China;
    2 Shandong Province Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2018-06-20 Accepted:2018-12-24 Online:2019-05-12 Published:2019-02-01
  • Contact: Chun-Yu SHI E-mail:scyu@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371577);the Potato Innovation Program for Chief Expert of Shandong Province(SDAIT-16-01)

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Abstract:

Field experiments were performed using two sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)].cultivars (‘Beijing 553’ and ‘Longshu 9’) with significant differences in source sink characteristics. The physiological and ecological mechanisms of regulation of soil compaction on storage root yield were studied under different soil compaction treatments. The non-capillary porosity of plough horizon increased significantly during the whole growth period with the decrease of soil compactness. During storage root formation (20-40 d), the minimum temperature was significantly decreased, the maximum temperature and diurnal temperature range of plough layer were significantly increased with the decrease of soil compactness. Compared with the control, the loose treatment could increase the activities of sucrose synthase (SS) and adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPGPPase) in storage roots, also the starch content, the initial dry matter accumulation potential, dry matter accumulation rate and the distribution ratio of 13C assimilates from functional leaf to storage root. At harvest period the average weight per storage root and harvest index were significantly increased in the loose treatment, Beijing 553 and Longshu 9 increased production by 20.01% to 24.25% and 21.64% to 27.78%, respectively.

Key words: sweet potato, soil compaction, root formation, tuberous thickening, yield

Table 1

Soil physical properties in main growing period"

年份
Year		 栽后天数
Days after planting
(d)		 处理
Treatment		 土层深度
Depth of
soil layer
(cm)		 土壤紧实度
Soil compaction
(kPa)		 容重
Bulk density
(g cm-3)		 总孔隙度
Bulk porosity
(%)		 毛管孔隙度
Capillary
porosity
(%)		 非毛管孔隙度Non-capillary
porosity
(%)
2014 0 SS 5-10 251.33 e 1.25 c 52.29 a 32.71 c 19.58 a
15-20 264.22 de 1.28 bc 51.46 a 34.31 bc 17.15 b
CK 5-10 384.00 c 1.30 bc 50.89 ab 38.13 ab 12.76 d
15-20 405.44 c 1.31 bc 50.67 ab 38.68 ab 11.99 d
JS 5-10 833.22 b 1.40 a 47.49 b 39.04 ab 8.45 g
15-20 1085.00 a 1.42 a 46.66 b 39.69 a 6.97 h
160 SS 5-10 267.93 de 1.26 c 52.07 a 35.71 bc 16.36 b
15-20 287.86 d 1.29 bc 51.16 a 36.37 b 14.79 c
CK 5-10 403.33 c 1.32 ab 50.50 ab 39.52 ab 10.98 e
15-20 432.11 c 1.33 ab 50.01 ab 40.68 a 9.33 f
JS 5-10 865.56 b 1.42 a 46.82 b 41.40 a 5.42 i
15-20 1125.00 a 1.43 a 46.41 b 41.69 a 4.72 j
2015 0 SS 5-10 261.00 d 1.25 c 51.17 ab 30.98 c 20.19 a
15-20 271.47 d 1.27 bc 51.68 ab 32.49 c 19.19 a
CK 5-10 402.17 c 1.25 c 52.83 a 34.68 bc 18.15 b
15-20 416.40 c 1.30 b 51.90 a 36.96 ab 14.94 c
JS 5-10 876.28 b 1.39 ab 47.11 b 37.64 ab 9.47 e
15-20 1130.00 a 1.43 a 47.21 b 38.23 ab 8.99 e
160 SS 5-10 277.72 d 1.26 c 51.40 ab 34.98 bc 16.42 c
15-20 289.67 d 1.28 bc 51.87 a 36.15 b 15.71 c
CK 5-10 421.56 c 1.27 bc 51.98 a 36.43 b 15.56 c
15-20 430.07 c 1.31 b 50.99 ab 39.96 a 11.03 d
JS 5-10 901.83 b 1.42 ab 46.99 b 39.39 a 7.60 f
15-20 1190.44 a 1.44 a 47.17 b 39.73 a 7.45 f

Table 2

Effect of soil compaction on soil temperature in the early growth stage of sweet potato (°C)"

年份
Year		 土层深度
Depth of
soil layer
(cm)		 处理
Treatment		 栽后20 d 20 days after planting 栽后30 d 30 days after planting 栽后40 d 40 days after planting
最高
温度
MAT		 最低
温度
MIT		 日较差
DTR		 最高
温度
MAT		 最低
温度
MIT		 日较差
DTR		 最高
温度
MAT		 最低
温度
MIT		 日较差
DTR
2014 10 SS 34.3 a 17.8 b 16.5 a 39.8 a 19.8 a 20.0 a 33.4 a 25.2 a 8.2 a
CK 34.1 a 18.8 b 15.3 a 37.9 a 20.6 a 17.3 a 32.9 a 25.4 a 7.5 a
JS 33.0 a 19.9 a 13.1 b 34.5 b 21.1 a 13.4 b 33.3 a 25.7 a 7.6 a
20 SS 28.8 a 18.8 b 10.0 a 31.6 a 21.6 b 11.0 a 30.9 a 25.9 a 5.0 a
CK 28.0 a 19.9 ab 8.1 b 30.8 a 22.1 ab 8.7 b 30.9 a 26.1 a 4.8 a
JS 26.9 a 21.0 a 5.9 c 27.7 a 22.9 a 4.8 c 30.2 a 26.5 a 3.7 b
2015 10 SS 35.3 a 17.4 b 17.9 a 39.0 a 19.4 a 19.7 a 34.3 a 24.4 a 9.9 a
CK 34.8 a 18.4 ab 16.4 b 38.0 ab 19.9 a 18.2 a 33.0 a 24.7 a 8.3 b
JS 33.5 a 19.2 a 14.3 c 35.5 b 21.4 a 14.1 b 34.3 a 25.5 a 8.8 b
20 SS 29.5 a 20.5 b 9.0 a 31.3 a 21.5 b 9.8 a 30.0 a 26.6 a 3.5 a
CK 28.8 a 22.1 ab 6.7 b 30.5 a 23.1 ab 7.5 b 30.0 a 26.5 a 3.5 a
JS 27.5 a 23.3 a 4.25 c 29.5 a 24.3 a 5.3 c 30.5 a 27.1 a 3.5 a

Table 3

Storage root yield and harvest index"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 块根产量
Root tuber yield
(t hm-2)		 生物产量
Biomass
(t hm-2)		 单株结薯数
Storage root
(lump plant-1)		 单薯重
Fresh weight
(g lump-1)		 收获指数
Harvest
index
2014 北京553
Beijing 553		 SS 36.22 a 58.24 a 2.65 a 284.70 a 0.62 a
CK 29.15 b 56.72 a 2.53 a 238.30 b 0.51 b
JS 18.62 c 46.86 b 2.11 b 173.35 c 0.40 c
龙薯9号
Longshu 9		 SS 53.95 a 73.54 a 2.99 a 360.69 a 0.73 a
CK 42.22 b 71.82 a 2.83 a 308.24 b 0.59 b
JS 20.17 c 54.60 b 2.39 b 175.50 c 0.37 c
2015 北京553
Beijing 553		 SS 38.98 a 65.42 a 2.68 a 302.43 a 0.60 a
CK 32.48 b 65.25 a 2.66 a 254.77 b 0.50 b
JS 21.60 c 57.77 b 2.29 b 196.72 c 0.37 c
龙薯9号
Longshu 9		 SS 57.90 a 85.62 a 2.97 a 406.31 a 0.68 a
CK 47.60 b 83.52 a 3.07 a 322.50 b 0.57 b
JS 19.75 c 41.64 b 2.77 b 148.38 c 0.47 c

Table 4

Characteristics of dry matter accumulation in storage root tuber (2015)"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 a b k R2 C0 Vmean Vmax Xmax.V D
北京553
Beijing 553		 SS 8.21 0.07 277.63 0.93 0.08 1.93 5.01 113.63 144.04
CK 8.68 0.07 236.18 0.94 0.04 1.58 4.30 119.11 149.27
JS 8.56 0.08 132.49 0.95 0.03 0.94 2.53 122.21 141.02
龙薯9号
Longshu 9		 SS 5.41 0.05 333.91 0.94 1.49 2.24 4.26 105.94 148.96
CK 5.36 0.05 281.57 0.91 1.32 1.76 3.32 113.62 160.18
JS 5.35 0.04 147.78 0.90 0.70 0.81 1.54 128.66 181.45

Table 5

Distribution ratio of 13C assimilates of functional leaf in different organs at 100 d after planting (%, 2015)"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 标记部位
Labeled part		 上部
Upper part		 下部
Lower part		 侧枝
Branch		 块根
Storage root
北京553
Beijing 553		 SS 0.87 c 0.90 c 4.05 c 35.21 c 58.98 a
CK 1.24 b 1.03 b 5.58 b 50.05 b 42.11 b
JS 2.80 a 2.69 a 8.45 a 61.11 a 24.97 c
龙薯9号
Longshu 9		 SS 0.71 c 1.10 b 3.16 b 22.02 c 73.02 a
CK 1.03 b 0.69 c 2.22 c 29.12 b 66.93 b
JS 3.76 a 3.06 a 8.16 a 37.29 a 47.74 c

Table 6

Contents of soluble sugar, sucrose, and starch of storage roots in key growth periods (DW%, 2015)"

品种
Variety		 栽后天数
Days after planting (d)		 处理
Treatment		 可溶性糖
Soluble sugar		 蔗糖
Sucrose		 淀粉
Starch
北京553
Beijing 553		 65 SS 10.23 a 9.61 a 62.28 a
CK 10.59 a 10.07 a 54.84 b
JS 10.85 a 10.19 a 52.86 b
105 SS 6.58 b 5.68 b 67.96 a
CK 8.59 a 7.57 a 65.69 ab
JS 8.63 a 8.37 a 62.47 b
145 SS 8.80 c 11.89 c 74.06 a
CK 9.88 b 13.77 b 70.38 a
JS 10.69 a 15.17 a 63.95 b
龙薯9号
Longshu 9		 65 SS 11.86 b 9.83 b 59.26 a
CK 12.46 b 10.28 b 57.80 a
JS 15.85 a 13.06 a 54.26 a
105 SS 12.76 b 8.16 c 62.86 a
CK 13.34 ab 9.88 b 58.52 ab
JS 14.00 a 13.66 a 53.92 b
145 SS 16.53 a 9.79 c 67.40 a
CK 16.97 a 11.04 b 59.53 b
JS 17.07 a 12.10 a 56.01 b

Fig. 1

Sucrose synthase (SS) activity of storage roots in key growth periods (2015) Values followed by different letters in the same column are significantly different among different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 2

ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPGPPase) activity of storage roots in key growth periods (2015) Values followed by different letters in the same column are significantly different among different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

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