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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 1052-1062.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.94144

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING · GERMPLASM RESOURCES · MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Photo-thermal interaction model under different photoperiod-temperature conditions and expression analysis of SiCCT gene in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.)

JIA Xiao-Ping1,*(),YUAN Xi-Lei1,LI Jian-Feng1,WANG Yong-Fang2,ZHANG Xiao-Mei1,ZHANG Bo1,QUAN Jian-Zhang2,DONG Zhi-Ping2,*()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China
    2 Institute of Millet, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences / National Millet Improvement Center, Shijiazhuang 050035, Hebei, China
  • Received:2019-09-27 Accepted:2020-01-15 Online:2020-07-12 Published:2020-01-24
  • Contact: Xiao-Ping JIA,Zhi-Ping DONG E-mail:jiaxiaoping2007@163.com;dzp001@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31471569);“Twelfth Five-Year” National Science and Technology Support Program(2011BAD06B01-1)

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Abstract:

Photoperiod and temperature are two important environmental factors that affect growth and development, ecological adaptability and yield of crops. Uncovering the effect of interaction between photoperiod and temperature on crop growth and development and the molecular mechanism for this interaction has important influence on breeding practice and theoretical research. In this study, four photo-thermal treatments (long-day and high temperature, long-day and low temperature, short-day and high temperature, short-day and low temperature) were designed to investigate heading stage, plant height, leaf number and panicle length of ‘Huangmaogu’. The photoperiod played a key role on growth of foxtail millet, while changes in temperature had no more effect on delaying reproductive growth by long-day treatment compared with that by short-day treatment. The effect of temperature differed with the difference of photoperiod, high temperature shortened vegetative growth period and low temperature prolonged vegetative growth period under short-day condition, while it was opposite under long-day condition. The effect on reproductive growth was short-day and high temperature treatment > short-day and low temperature treatment > long-day and low temperature treatment > long-day and high temperature treatment. Furthermore, a CCT-motif gene named SiCCT was cloned from leaf of ‘Huangmaogu’ by RT-PCR technology, which encodes 286 aa and belongs to CMF subfamily. Phylogenetic analysis based on aa sequences of CCT-motif genes showed that there existed a close relationship among foxtail millet, sorghum and maize. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression level of SiCCT was higher in leaf than in young panicle and leaf sheath. The SiCCT showed a circadian expression pattern under both long-day and short-day conditions. The expression level of SiCCT was the highest at 7-leaf stage, and decreased rapidly at 8-leaf stage (heading) and after heading under short-day condition. The expression of SiCCT maintained high level from 7-leaf stage to 10-leaf stage under long-day condition, during which ‘Huangmaogu’ was at vegetative growth phase. No matter high temperature or low temperature, the expression level of SiCCT at different leaf stages was totally higher in long-day treatment than in short-day treatment, and lower in low temperature than in high temperature under long-day condition. The general expression level of SiCCT was positively correlated with vegetative growth period of ‘Huangmaogu’. In summary, SiCCT is regulated by both photoperiod and temperature, suggesting that SiCCT participates in photoperiod pathway and thermosensory pathway, and regulates the whole vegetative and reproductive growth process of foxtail millet through interaction between the two pathways.

Key words: foxtail millet, photoperiod, thermosensory, photo-thermal interaction, CCT-motif gene

Fig. 1

Effect of different photo-thermal treatments on growth and development of ‘Huangmaogu’ SD: short day; LD: long day."

Fig. 2

Comparison of four traits among different photo-thermal treatments a: heading date; b: plant height; c: panicle length; d: leaf number. SD: short day; LD: long day."

Fig. 3

Electrophoregram of total RNA extracted from leaves of ‘Huangmaogu’ 1, 2: two tubes of RNA extracted."

Fig. 4

Electrophoregram of RT-PCR products of SiCCT gene M: marker DL2000; 1, 2: two tubes of RT-PCR products."

Supplementary Fig. 1

cDNA sequences of SiCCT gene The bolded parts are primer sequences, the underlined parts are initiation codon and termination codon."

Supplementary Fig. 2

The deduced amino acid sequence of SiCCT gene"

Supplementary Fig. 3

Prediction for the conserved domains of SiCCT protein"

Fig. 5

Phylogenetic tree of CCT-motif genes based on protein sequences"

Fig. 6

Relative expression of SiCCT in different tissues"

Fig. 7

Circadian expression of SiCCT gene under different photoperiod conditions a: short-day treatment; b: long-day treatment. Black bars represent dark period, and white bars represent light period."

Fig. 8

Expression level of SiCCT gene at different leaf ages under different photoperiod conditions a: short-day; b: long-day."

Fig. 9

Expression feature of SiCCT gene under different photo-thermal combinations a: high temperature and long-day, high temperature and short-day; b: low temperature and long-day, low temperature and short-day; c: short-day and high temperature, short-day and low temperature; d: long-day and high temperature, long-day and low temperature."

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