5-氨基乙酰丙酸和乙烯利对东北春玉米源库碳平衡的调控效应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.93065

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the mechanism of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and ethephon (ETH) compound for alleviating chilling damage, and to establish a chemical controlled cultivation technique for cold tolerance, dense planting and stable production of spring maize (Zea mays L.) in Northeast China, we conducted a field experiment at Gongzhuling Experiment Station (43o9'55"N, 124o48'43"E) of Jilin province, China, in 2018 and 2019. The maize (cv. Zhongdan 909) plants were treated with mixture of 5-ALA and ETH at different concentrations by foliar spraying at the jointing stage (V6). The source-sink metabolism, grain filling rate and yield of spring maize were evaluated. The yield of plants treated with 22.50 g hm^-2 5-ALA combined with 450 g hm^-2 ETH (A2E1) was significantly increased by 4.8% compared with the control. A2E1 promoted the synthesis of sucrose in functional leaf before anthesis. The sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity and sucrose content in functional leaf were increased by 5.4% and 7.9% by A2E1 treatment, in comparison with the control, respectively. A2E1 treatment promoted the transport of sucrose from leaf to kernel during the first 20 days after anthesis, showing that the sucrose content decreased by 14.4% in the ear leaf, but increased by 41.4% in kernel. In addition, A2E1 also promoted sucrose degradation in grain. Sucrose synthase (SS) activity in the direction of decomposition was increased by 12.5% compared with the control, and the activities of acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI) were increased by 52.8% and 24.1%, respectively, during early grain-filling stage (about 10 days after anthesis). In this case, spring maize under A2E1 treatment had a relatively higher maximum grain-filling rate than the control treatment. At harvest, ear length and kernel number per ear were 4.7% longer and 8.6% higher, respectively, and the bare tip length was 58.3% shorter than those of the control. In conclusion, 5-ALA-ETH can effectively improve the transportation of sucrose between source and sink of spring maize in Northeast China, accelerate the kernel filling and alleviate the effect of chilling damage during the growing period, which is of great guarantee to a high and stable yield of spring maize in this region.

Key words: 5-ALA-ETH compound, spring maize, chilling damage, sucrose metabolism, yield

LI Rui-Jie,TANG Hui-Hui,WANG Qing-Yan,XU Yan-Li,WANG Qi,LU Lin,YAN Peng,DONG Zhi-Qiang,ZHANG Feng-Lu. Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid and ethephon compound on carbon balance of source-sink of spring maize in Northeast China[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(7): 1063-1075.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1

Table 1

Fig. 2

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Table 2

Table 3

Effects of 5-ALA, ETH, and 5-ALA-ETH on yield and yield components of maize in 2018 and 2019"

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗长 Ear length (cm)	秃尖长 Bare tip length (cm)	穗粒数 Kernel number (ear^-1)	千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)	单位面积穗数 Ear number (m^-2)	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)
2018	CK	17.5±0.9 bc	0.6±0.3 ab	511.4±12.9 abc	337.6±3.1 ab	6.9±0.2 ab	11,928.4±262.3 bc
	A1	17.6±0.8 abc	0.5±0.2 abcd	504.2±24.7 bc	339.7±4.9 a	7.1±0.3 ab	12,145.9±282.2 ab
	A2	17.8±0.8 abc	0.4±0.2 bcd	520.4±23.3 ab	340.7±12.2 a	6.9±0.6 ab	12,233.0±428.1 ab
	A3	17.6±1.0 abc	0.5±0.1 abc	503.8±31.8 bc	340.6±9.6 a	7.1±0.4 ab	12,114.6±233.9 ab
	E1	18.5±0.4 a	0.2±0.2 d	537.7±24.3 a	336.8±6.5 ab	6.8±0.1 b	12,270.5±313.1 ab
	A1E1	16.8±0.7 c	0.5±0.2 abc	482.2±25.3 c	344.5±11.5 a	7.4±0.3 a	12,266.0±304.0 ab
	A2E1	18.3±0.8 ab	0.3±0.2 cd	539.8±27.0 a	335.9±4.0 ab	6.9±0.4 ab	12,497.1±137.7 a
	A3E1	17.5±0.8 bc	0.4±0.2 bcd	506.4±28.3 bc	341.4±5.0 a	7.1±0.3 ab	12,277.9±237.0 ab
	E2	18.3±0.6 ab	0.4±0.2 bcd	502.4±25.8 bc	334.9±4.8 ab	6.9±0.3 ab	11,549.7±162.1 c
	A1E2	18.0±0.4 ab	0.4±0.3 abcd	491.9±19.6 bc	342.6±6.8 a	7.1±0.2 ab	11,932.2±80.8 bc
	A2E2	18.0±0.6 ab	0.7±0.2 a	481.1±20.6 c	334.1±7.0 ab	7.3±0.1 ab	11,806.1±297.9 bc
	A3E2	17.9±0.8 ab	0.5±0.2 abcd	505.5±19.4 bc	327.1±8.9 b	7.1±0.0 ab	11,789.9±222.8 bc
2019	CK	18.1±0.6 bc	1.2±0.2 abc	512.2±2.7 abcd	376.4±6.9 ab	6.9±0.0 b	13,357.5±233.8 bc
	A1	17.8±0.6 c	0.9±0.1 c	498.3±15.7 cd	364.9±1.6 abc	7.5±0.4 ab	13,560.1±185.4 bc
	A2	18.9±0.2 ab	1.4±0.1 a	527.1±27.7 abc	365.1±7.1 abc	7.0±0.4 b	13,506.3±165.8 bc
	A3	18.4±0.6 abc	1.2±0.2 abc	504.7±32.9 bcd	378.7±3.1 a	6.9±0.6 b	13,169.1±275.4 c
	E1	18.5±0.2 abc	1.0±0.3 bc	534.5±6.5 ab	360.6±12.4 abc	7.0±0.2 b	13,406.9±222.50 bc
	A1E1	18.2±0.3 abc	1.1±0.1 abc	526.5±5.0 abcd	360.2±5.0 abc	7.2±0.1 ab	13,645.0±126.1 b
	A2E1	19.1±0.4 a	0.6±0.3 d	544.1±27.3 a	371.9±4.7 abc	7.0±0.4 b	14,078.9±102.1 a
	A3E1	18.5±0.7 abc	0.9±0.1 cd	492.8±1.5 d	357.6±12.8 bc	7.7±0.3 a	13,497.2±266.7 bc
	E2	18.7±0.4 abc	1.0±0.2 abc	519.1±14.0 abcd	369.8±1.9 abc	6.9±0.2 b	13,218.0±105.3 bc
	A1E2	18.4±0.4 abc	1.3±0.0 ab	508.4±4.0 bcd	371.4±9.9 abc	7.0±0.3 b	13,231.4±348.6 bc
	A2E2	18.2±0.3 abc	0.9±0.2 bc	543.3±18.2 a	354.9±21.7 c	7.0±0.2 b	13,466.9±296.3 bc
	A3E2	18.3±0.4 abc	1.1±0.1 abc	522.8±14.7abcd	363.1±15.8 abc	7.0±0.5 b	13,294.5±149.6 bc
变异来源 Source of variation
年份Year		**	**	*	**	ns	**
5-ALA		*	**	ns	**	ns	**
ETH		ns	**	ns	**	ns	**
5-ALA×ETH		**	**	*	**	ns	**

Table 3

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处理 Treatment	a	b	c	r	T_max (d)	W_max (g 100-kernel^-1)	G_max (g 100-kernel^-1 d^-1)	P (d)
CK	34.16	33.56	0.11	1.00	31.63	17.08	0.95	23.72
A1	35.78	32.13	0.11	1.00	32.84	17.89	0.95	24.93
A2	36.27	44.74	0.12	1.00	32.53	18.14	1.06	22.504
A3	35.87	31.02	0.11	1.00	31.72	17.93	0.97	24.33
E1	33.18	36.15	0.12	1.00	30.01	16.59	0.99	22.04
A1E1	36.72	36.12	0.11	1.00	33.41	18.36	0.99	24.53
A2E1	34.69	33.40	0.11	1.00	31.02	17.34	0.98	23.29
A3E1	34.30	33.07	0.11	0.99	31.81	17.15	0.94	23.95
E2	33.46	36.88	0.12	1.00	30.64	16.73	0.99	22.37
A1E2	35.68	30.32	0.11	0.99	32.41	17.84	0.94	25.02
A2E2	34.38	57.02	0.13	1.00	30.97	17.19	1.12	20.18
A3E2	33.69	33.79	0.11	0.99	31.87	16.85	0.93	23.85

Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid and ethephon compound on carbon balance of source-sink of spring maize in Northeast China

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处理 Treatment	5-氨基乙酰丙酸 5-ALA (g hm^-2)	乙烯利 ETH (mL hm^-2)
CK	0	0
A1	11.25	0
A2	22.50	0
A3	33.75	0
E1	0	450
A1E1	11.25	450
A2E1	22.50	450
A3E1	33.75	450
E2	0	900
A1E2	11.25	900
A2E2	22.50	900
A3E2	33.75	900

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