不同播期条件下黄淮海区主推夏播玉米品种籽粒灌浆特性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.03023

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to provide helpful information for maize variety selection and realizing high yield, the grain filling characteristics of 18 summer maize varieties were investigated under 6/10 (S1), 6/20 (S2), and 6/30 (S3). The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in the final 100-grain dry weight among varieties and sowing date treatments, characterized by S1 (35.20 g) > S2 (33.45 g) > S3 (31.38 g), and the range of variation was 28.50 g (HM 1) to 36.37 g (JNK 728). (2) The average filling rate (Gave) under different sowing date treatments was S1 (0.74 g 100-grain ^-1d^-1) > S2 (0.65 g 100-grain ^-1d^-1) > S3 (0.57 g 100-grain ^-1d^-1). The average grain filling rate of S1 was 0.09 g 100-grain^-1d^-1and 0.17 g 100-grain^-1d^-1 higher than that of S2 and S3, increased by 13.85% and 29.82%, respectively. The G_ave of JNK 728 (0.75 g 100-grain ^-1 d^-1) was the highest among varieties, which significantly higher than ZD 958 and XY 335 (0.58 g 100-grain^-1 d^-1 and 0.67 g 100-grain^-1 d^-1), increased by 29.31% and 11.94%. The active grain filling period (P) showed that S1 (47.85 d) < S2 (51.39 d) < S3 (55.04 d). (3) The yield under different sowing date treatments was S1 (10,628.67 kg hm^-2) > S2 (10,207.65 kg hm ^-2) > S3 (9144.59 kg hm ^-2), with S1 4.12% and 16.23% higher than S2 and S3, respectively. Among them, NK 815, MC 121, JNK 729, MC 812, JNK 728 and XY 335 had relatively high yields, with an average of 10,730.56 kg hm^-2, significantly higher than ZD 958 (10,080.85 kg hm^-2), increased by 6.44%. (4) Correlation analysis showed that yield level was significantly and positively correlated with G_ave (0.70 ^**) and grain weight (0.68^**), and was significantly and negatively correlated with P (-0.36 ^**); Grain weight was significantly correlated with Gave (0.58 ^**). In conclusion, maize yield, grain weight and grain filling rate reduced with the sowing date delay, but P increased accordingly, early sowing properly was beneficial to achieve higher yield in Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize region, by selecting varieties such as JNK 728, JNK 729, MC 812, MC 121, NK 815, and XY 335 which characterized by suitable growing period, higher grain filling rate, suitable active grain filling period and higher yield level. JNK 728, characterized by medium-early maturity, higher grain filling rate and yield, was suitable for the later sowing conditions or areas with insufficient accumulated temperature, and could reach physiological maturity in mid-October when sowing at the end of June.

Key words: Huang-Huai-Hai region, summer maize, grain filling characteristics, sowing date

XU Tian-Jun, LYU Tian-Fang, ZHAO Jiu-Ran, WANG Rong-Huan, ZHANG Yong, CAI Wan-Tao, LIU Yue-E, LIU Xiu-Zhi, CHEN Chuan-Yong, XING Jin-Feng, WANG Yuan-Dong, LIU Chun-Ge. Grain filling characteristics of summer maize varieties under different sowing dates in the Huang-Huai-Hai region[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(3): 566-574.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 1

Table 3

100-grain weight and yield level of the tested varieties under different sowing dates"

品种 Variety	百粒重100-grain weight (g)			产量Yield (kg hm^-2)
品种 Variety	S1	S2	S3	S1	S2	S3
京农科728 Jingnongke 728	37.78±1.41 b	36.47±1.23 b	34.85±1.04 b	11,026.26±447.48 ab	10,734.52±84.51 cd	9879.00±298.62 e
京农科729 Jingnongke 729	34.23±2.22 d	30.97±1.26 f	29.55±1.11 g	11,156.55±155.33 ab	10,918.01±296.01 ab	10,355.65±55.50 c
MC812	34.30±1.52 d	32.97±1.15 e	32.69±1.32 d	11,050.99±257.58 ab	10,850.02±118.02 bc	10,046.70±104.87 d
MC121	36.19±2.43 b	35.61±1.34 b	32.00±1.24 d	11,210.39±425.71 ab	10,940.54±224.31 ab	10,479.02±125.19 b
NK815	34.59±3.15 d	32.55±2.12 e	30.90±1.51 f	11,605.02±257.65 a	11,011.53±143.92 a	10,711.34±36.68 a
MC703	37.58±2.62 a	34.22±1.32 c	33.44±1.06 c	10,835.99±456.4 bcde	10,597.03±83.73 e	9378.70±774.69 fg
MC278	37.44±2.22 a	34.83±2.12 c	31.62±1.12 e	10,682.36±721.81 bcde	10,285.22±83.42 f	9288.10±437.69 gh
SK567	30.81±1.01 e	30.44±1.12 f	27.66±1.14 h	9746.41±111.99 fg	9498.51±149.61 ij	7916.62±814.08 k
郑单958 Zhengdan 958	36.52±2.20 b	33.60±1.12 d	32.25±1.13 d	10,747.78±726.79 bcde	10,206.51±161.92 f	9288.26±23.48 gh
先玉335 Xianyu 335	37.15±1.53 a	36.29±1.23 a	31.64±2.21 e	10,936.19±171.84 bc	10,764.01±174.62 cd	9474.41±244.31 f
登海605 Denghai 605	37.83±1.16 a	35.53±1.54 b	34.07±1.09 b	10,905.01±256.97 bcd	10,694.12±130.81 de	9452.65±28.26 f
农华101 Nonghua 101	35.47±2.63 c	35.55±1.43 b	35.67±1.15 a	10,292.4±204.57 cdef	9701.51±162.00 gh	8716.17±378.25 i
华美1号 Huamei 1	30.81±1.34 e	28.75±1.33 g	25.95±1.16 i	9743.36±485.36 fg	9452.01±194.61 j	7533.42±291.61 l
联创808 Lianchuang 808	37.46±1.44 a	33.00±1.01 d	31.84±1.09 e	10,262.81±793.87 defg	9595.03±98.44 hi	8677.98±196.82 i
迪卡517 Dika 517	33.21±1.91 d	32.06±2.23 d	27.43±1.06 h	9626.66±558.17 g	8908.52±120.00 k	7290.37±302.06 m
伟科702 Weike 702	33.87±1.33 d	33.34±2.34 d	30.64±1.19 f	10,626.95±191.23 bcde	10,272.53±136.53 f	9252.92±126.18 h
蠡玉35 Liyu 35	31.60±2.12 e	31.25±2.12 f	30.36±1.26 f	10,241.00±746.64 efg	9505.02±135.91 ij	8110.34±670.58 j
裕丰303 Yufeng 303	36.75±1.55 b	34.74±2.56 c	32.28±2.31 d	10,620.01±701.97 bcde	9803.02±83.82 g	8750.96±328.03 i
平均值Average	35.20	33.45	31.38	10,628.67	10,207.65	9144.59
均方 Mean squares	播期Sowing date		**			**
	品种Variety		**			**
	播期×品种Sowing date×Variety		**			**

Table 3

Table 4

Richards equation and grain filling parameters of the tested varieties under different sowing dates"

品种 Variety	播期 Sowing date	Richards方程 Richards equation	拟合系数R²	灌浆参数Grain filling parameter
品种 Variety	播期 Sowing date	W=A(1+Be^-^Ct)^-1/^D	拟合系数R²	活跃灌浆期 P (d)	最大灌浆速率G_max (g 100-grain^-1 d^-1)	平均灌浆速率G_ave (g 100-grain^-1 d^-1)
京农科728 Jingnongke 728	S1	W=36.78 (1+1.59e^-0.10^t)^-1/0.15	0.9996	43.55	1.24	0.84
	S2	W=35.47 (1+2.04e^-0.09^t)^-1/0.25	0.9990	48.02	1.09	0.74
	S3	W=33.85 (1+27.09e^-0.12^t)^-1/0.97	0.9984	51.33	0.99	0.66
京农科729 Jingnongke 729	S1	W=34.23 (1+1.73e^-0.10^t)^-1/0.17	0.9962	42.79	1.18	0.80
	S2	W=30.97 (1+0.26e^-0.09^t)^-1/0.04	0.9987	46.58	0.98	0.66
	S3	W=29.55 (1+18.35e^-0.12t)^-1/0.86	0.9991	48.38	0.91	0.61
MC812	S1	W=34.30 (1+2.59e^-0.11^t)^-1/0.22	0.9986	40.60	1.25	0.84
	S2	W=32.95 (1+1.19e^-0.09^t)^-1/0.16	0.9988	47.60	1.03	0.69
	S3	W=32.69 (1+0.41e^-0.08^t)^-1/0.06	0.9955	52.45	0.92	0.62
MC121	S1	W=34.59 (1+0.75e^-0.09^t)^-1/0.10	0.9982	45.01	1.13	0.77
	S2	W=32.31 (1+11.59e^-0.11^t)^-1/^0.58	0.9974	45.39	1.06	0.71
	S3	W=30.65 (1+0.86e^-0.08^t)^-1/0.10	0.9980	50.39	0.90	0.61
NK815	S1	W=36.19 (1+4.95e^-0.10^t)^-1/0.39	0.9991	46.68	1.15	0.78
	S2	W=35.61 (1+3.76e^-0.09^t)^-1/0.34	0.9991	51.45	1.02	0.69
	S3	W=32.00 (1+0.75e^-0.08^t)^-1/0.09	0.9936	51.59	0.91	0.62
MC703	S1	W=37.58 (1+1.15e^-0.09^t)^-1/0.13	0.9993	49.50	1.12	0.76
	S2	W=34.22 (1+1.27e^-0.09^t)^-1/0.16	0.9992	50.61	1.00	0.68
	S3	W=33.44 (1+2.17e^-0.08^t)^-1/0.25	0.9984	59.53	0.83	0.56
MC278	S1	W=37.44 (1+18.79e^-^0.11^t)^-1/0.78	0.9988	50.20	1.11	0.75
	S2	W=34.83 (1+0.97e^-0.08^t)^-1/0.12	0.9993	51.85	0.95	0.65
	S3	W=31.62 (1+0.78e^-0.08^t)^-1/0.10	0.9982	53.86	0.90	0.61
品种 Variety	播期 Sowing date	Richards 方程 Richards equation	拟合系数R²	灌浆参数Grain filling parameter
品种 Variety	播期 Sowing date	W=A(1+Be^-^Ct)^-1/^D	拟合系数R²	活跃灌浆期 P (d)	最大灌浆速率G_max (g 100-grain^-1 d^-1)	平均灌浆速率G_ave (g 100-grain^-1 d^-1)
SK567	S1	W=30.81 (1+0.65e^-0.10^t)^-1/0.06	0.9965	40.75	1.11	0.76
	S2	W=30.44 (1+0.79e^-0.09^t)^-1/0.10	0.9977	48.36	0.93	0.63
	S3	W=27.66 (1+23.66e^-0.11^t)^-1/0.93	0.9977	51.07	0.81	0.54
郑单958 Zhengdan 958	S1	W=36.52 (1+0.63e^-0.07^t)^-1/0.09	0.9990	56.57	0.94	0.64
	S2	W=33.60 (1+0.77e^-0.07^t)^-1/0.11	0.9976	57.29	0.87	0.59
	S3	W=32.25 (1+1.96e^-0.07^t)^-1/0.26	0.9977	63.75	0.75	0.51
先玉335 Xianyu 335	S1	W=37.15 (1+1.32e^-0.09^t)^-1/0.14	0.9995	48.85	1.12	0.76
	S2	W=36.29 (1+0.81e^-0.08^t)^-1/0.12	0.9983	53.37	0.97	0.66
	S3	W=31.64 (1+0.71e^-0.08^t)^-1/0.09	0.9991	55.04	0.87	0.59
登海605 Denghai 605	S1	W=37.83 (1+0.59e^-0.08^t)^-1/0.07	0.9990	49.32	1.13	0.77
	S2	W=35.53 (1+0.73e^-0.08^t)^-1/0.09	0.9986	53.76	0.97	0.66
	S3	W=34.07 (1+1.42e^-0.07^t)^-1/0.16	0.9975	60.74	0.83	0.56
农华101 Nonghua 101	S1	W=35.47 (1+29.06e^-0.13^t)^-1/0.83	0.9991	44.33	1.19	0.8
	S2	W=35.55 (1+2.41e^-0.09^t)^-1/0.27	0.9986	53.19	0.99	0.67
	S3	W=35.67 (1+1.16e^-0.07^t)^-1/0.16	0.9983	59.41	0.88	0.60
华美1号 Huamei 1	S1	W=31.41 (1+20.45e^-0.13^t)^-1/0.61	0.9995	40.75	1.11	0.76
	S2	W=28.75 (1+1.90e^-0.10^t)^-1/0.17	0.9984	43.29	0.98	0.66
	S3	W=25.95 (1+346.02e^-0.16^t)^-1/1.94	0.9990	48.32	0.83	0.54
联创808 Lianchuang 808	S1	W=37.46 (1+0.97e^-0.08^t)^-1/0.12	0.9994	52.50	1.05	0.71
	S2	W=33.00 (1+8.01e^-0.10^t)^-1/0.62	0.9980	54.67	0.90	0.60
	S3	W=31.84 (1+0.90e^-0.07^t)^-1/0.13	0.9993	56.92	0.82	0.56
迪卡517 Dika 517	S1	W=33.21 (1+1.21e^-0.09^t)^-1/0.13	0.9986	46.84	1.04	0.71
	S2	W=32.06 (1+1.82e^-0.09^t)^-1/0.20	0.9984	48.42	0.98	0.66
	S3	W=27.43 (1+36.16e^-0.12^t)^-1/1.05	0.9989	51.38	0.80	0.53
伟科702 Weike 702	S1	W=33.87 (1+0.28e^-0.08^t)^-1/0.04	0.9945	53.68	0.93	0.63
	S2	W=33.34 (1+4.71e^-0.08^t)^-1/0.42	0.9960	58.43	0.84	0.57
	S3	W=30.64 (1+1.12e^-0.07^t)^-1/0.15	0.9979	58.80	0.77	0.52
蠡玉35 Liyu 35	S1	W=31.60 (1+0.88e^-0.08^t)^-1/0.10	0.9987	50.19	0.93	0.63
	S2	W=31.25 (1+0.76e^-0.08^t)^-1/0.10	0.9989	53.71	0.86	0.58
	S3	W=30.36 (1+5.73e^-0.08^t)^-1/0.10	0.9988	61.37	0.73	0.49
裕丰303 Yufeng 303	S1	W=36.75 (1+0.57e^-0.07^t)^-1/0.08	0.9958	58.47	0.92	0.63
	S2	W=34.74 (1+0.47e^-0.07^t)^-1/0.08	0.9966	56.00	0.91	0.62
	S3	W=32.28 (1+0.98e^-0.07^t)^-1/0.15	0.9988	60.15	0.79	0.54
均方 Mean squares		播期 Sowing date		**	**	**
		品种 Variety		**	**	**
		播期×品种Sowing date×variety		**	**	**

Table 4

Table 5

Fig. 2

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月份 Month	空气温度 Air temperature (℃)	空气湿度 Air humidity (%)	蒸发量 Evaporation (mm h^-1)	降雨量 Rainfall (mm)	风速 Wind speed (m s^-1)
July	26.8	55.7	6.3	233.9	0.3
August	26.7	49.8	6.1	119.5	1.4
September	19.0	38.1	13.6	33.1	2.6
October	10.2	35.6	12.2	22.9	2.5
November	7.6	40.0	22.6	51.6	2.5

品种 Variety	母本 Female parent	父本 Male parent	生育期 Growing stage (d)
品种 Variety	母本 Female parent	父本 Male parent	S1	S2	S3
京农科728 Jingnongke 728	京MC01 Jing MC01	京2416 Jing 2416	103	106	108
京农科729 Jingnongke 729	京MC01 Jing MC01	京2418 Jing 2418	108	110	113
MC812	京B547 Jing B547	京2416 Jing 2416	110	112	115
MC121	京72464 Jing 72464	京2416 Jing 2416	110	114	117
NK815	京B547 Jing B547	C1120	112	115	117
MC703	京X005 Jing X005	京17 Jing 17	112	113	116
MC278	京X005 Jing X005	京27 Jing 27	110	115	118
SK567	SK516	SK1098	107	108	112
郑单958 Zhengdan 958	郑58 Zheng 58	昌7-2 Chang 7-2	117	122	125
先玉335 Xianyu 335	PH6WC	PH4CV	113	116	120
登海605 Denghai 605	DH351	DH382	115	115	118
农华101 Nonghua 101	NH60	S121	111	112	115
华美1号 Huamei 1	HF12202	HM12111	103	106	106
联创808 Lianchuang 808	CT3566	CT3354	114	114	118
迪卡517 Dika 517	D1798Z	HCL645	109	109	109
伟科702 Weike 702	WK858	WK798-2	117	122	125
蠡玉35 Liyu 35	L5895	912	116	116	121
裕丰303 Yufeng 303	CT1669	CT3354	117	122	125

相关系数 Correlation coefficient	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄
X₁	1.00
X₂	-0.77^**	1.00
X₃	0.04	0.58^**	1.00
X₄	-0.36^**	0.70^**	0.68^**	1.00

Grain filling characteristics of summer maize varieties under different sowing dates in the Huang-Huai-Hai region

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