种植密度对油菜正反交组合产量与倒伏相关性状的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04253

Abstract

Abstract:

High yield and lodging resistance are two goals in rapeseed production that are hard to reconcile, which restrict severely the further improvement of economic performance. This contradiction is particularly prominent in the high-density and mechanize farming mode. Due to maternal inheritance, there are obvious differences in yield and lodging resistance related traits among reciprocal hybrids, but the effects of planting density on these key traits are not clear. Here, Huahang 901 and Zheyou 50, which are conventional rapeseed varieties and their reciprocal hybrids, were planted with gradient density. The yield and lodging related traits were measured and the heterosis of each trait was calculated. In order to provide the basis for the selection of parents under the high-density and direct seeding farming mode, the effects of planting density on yield and lodging related traits of parents and reciprocal hybrids were investigated. The results showed that the actual yield and economic coefficient of two parents and their reciprocal hybrids were first increased and then decreased with the increase of the planting density. Interesting, the dynamic change pattern and the values of both traits of reciprocal hybrids under gradient density were well consistent with those of paternal parent. The variation of lodging index with increased density at two sites was different, but the values and the dynamic change patterns of reciprocal hybrids were consistent with that of the maternal parent. In 2017 in Xining, the actual yield of reciprocal hybrids had obvious heterosis and Huahang 901×Zheyou 50 showed higher heterosis than that of Zheyou 50×Huahang 901. Meanwhile, the Huahang 901×Zheyou 50 had greater heterosis of lodging resistances, but there was no such heterosis in Zheyou 50×Huahang 901. In conclusion, to obtain hybrids rapeseed varieties with high yield lodging resistance and dense planting under the high-density and direct seeding farming mode, it was better to select those varieties with high-yield as paternal parents and those varieties with strong lodging resistance as maternal parents.

Key words: rapeseed, reciprocal hybrids, planting density, yield, lodging

LOU Hong-Xiang, JI Jian-Li, KUAI Jie, WANG Bo, XU Liang, LI Zhen, LIU Fang, HUANG Wei, LIU Shu-Yan, YIN Yu-Feng, WANG Jing, ZHOU Guang-Sheng. Effects of planting density on yield and lodging related characters of reciprocal hybrids in Brassica napus L.[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(9): 1724-1740.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table S1

Effects of planting densities on yield and yield components in rapeseed"

年份(点) Year (site)	品种 Variety	密度Density	单株角果数 Number of siliques per plant	每角果粒数 Number of seeds per silique	千粒重 1000-seed weight (g)	单株产量 Yield per plant (g)	实际产量Actual yield (kg hm^-2)	生物产量 Biological yield (kg hm^-2)	经济系数Economic coefficient (%)
2017武汉	浙油50	D1	315.6 ab	20.6 a	3.47 hij	22.56 a	2590.5 j	10384.4 fg	24.97 jkl
2017 Wuhan	Zheyou 50	D2	228.5 efg	19.0 b	3.60 bcde	15.63 e	2829.5 d	11064.8 e	25.62 hij
		D3	192.6 ghij	18.8 b	3.63 ab	13.14 g	3082.7 b	11597.3 c	26.62 efg
		D4	187.4 hij	18.1 c	3.62 abc	11.28 h	2651.9 ghij	10054.4 h	26.43 fg
		D5	179.3 hij	17.4 de	3.68 a	10.48 ij	2618.1 hij	10314.7 g	25.41 ijk
	华航901 Huahang 901	D1	292.0 abc	16.6 f	3.61 bcd	17.50 d	2418.2 l	9288.5 m	26.09 ghi
	华航901 Huahang 901	D2	283.6 bcd	14.6 hi	3.61 bcd	14.92 f	2649.8 ghij	9704.5 k	27.33 bcd
		D3	203.6 ghi	13.8 jk	3.54 efg	9.95 jk	2717.9 efg	9725.6 k	28.00 ab
		D4	198.9 ghij	13.5 kl	3.56 cdef	9.56 kl	2642.4 hij	9974.3 i	26.52 fg
		D5	186.9 hij	13.1 l	3.55 def	8.69 m	2509.8 k	9611.2 l	26.17 gh
	华航901	D1	326.5 a	17.8 cd	3.48 ghij	20.22 b	2684.7 fgh	9933.1 i	27.06 def
	×浙油50	D2	311.0 ab	16.9 ef	3.51 fghi	18.45 c	2862.3 d	10449.1 f	27.45 abcd
	Huahang 901×	D3	254.5 cde	14.4 ij	3.48 ghij	12.75 g	3182.3 a	11336.5 d	28.11 a
	Zheyou 50	D4	216.1 efgh	14.3 ij	3.52 fgh	10.88 hi	2736.2 ef	9849.7 j	27.84 abc
		D5	206.8 fghi	13.4 kl	3.46 hij	9.59 kl	2601.5 ij	9542.8 l	27.29 cde
	浙油50×	D1	246.1 de	16.6 f	3.42 j	16.97 d	2405.3 l	10075.0 h	23.90 n
年份(点) Year (site)	品种 Variety	密度Density	单株角果数 Number of siliques per plant	每角果粒数 Number of seeds per silique	千粒重 1000-seed weight (g)	单株产量 Yield per plant (g)	实际产量Actual yield (kg hm^-2)	生物产量 Biological yield (kg hm^-2)	经济系数Economic coefficient (%)
	华航901	D2	244.6 ef	15.4 g	3.45 ij	13.00 g	2663.1 ghi	10993.1 e	24.26 mn
	Zheyou 50×	D3	187.3 hij	15.3 g	3.51 fghi	10.06 jk	2961.2 c	12150.1 b	24.42 lmn
	Huahang 901	D4	171.4 ij	15.2 gh	3.54 efg	9.22 lm	3055.2 b	12342.0 a	24.79 klm
		D5	164.2 j	15.2 gh	3.52 fgh	7.79 n	2754.5 e	11266.8 d	24.50 lmn
2017西宁	浙油50	D1	241.2 c	23.9 c	3.88 abc	22.39 c	3129.4 j	12767.8 n	24.54 m
2017 Xining	Zheyou 50	D2	162.6 g	21.8 de	3.72 ef	13.20 e	3884.0 f	14689.3 e	26.48 hijk
		D3	126.8 ij	21.7 de	3.56 g	9.79 h	4138.6 cd	15445.8 c	26.82 ghij
		D4	100.9 m	19.5 gh	3.86 abc	7.59 jk	3886.1 f	14351.0 fg	27.14 fghi
		D5	93.7 n	19.6 gh	3.91 abc	7.18 l	3852.9 f	14978.6 d	25.75 kl
	华航901	D1	225.8 d	26.4 a	3.81 cde	22.72 c	3352.7 i	12218.5 o	27.50 efg
	Huahang 901	D2	161.6 g	20.3 fg	3.84 bcd	12.61 f	3686.3 g	12872.5 m	28.67 cd
		D3	128.8 ij	19.0 hi	3.94 ab	9.65 h	3878.6 f	13063.0 l	29.75 ab
		D4	95.9 mn	19.3 hi	3.96 a	7.34 kl	3963.1 ef	13707.7 k	28.95 bcd
		D5	76.3 o	18.6 i	3.95 ab	5.61 n	3567.7 gh	12720.1 n	28.11 de
	华航901	D1	306.6 a	25.1 b	3.68 fg	28.28 a	3870.6 f	14209.0 h	27.25 efgh
	×浙油50	D2	181.1 f	22.1 d	3.68 f	14.70 d	4072.4 de	14701.0 e	27.77 ef
	Huahang 901×	D3	150.4 h	17.1 jk	3.87 abc	9.93 h	4573.7 a	15004.7 d	30.52 a
	Zheyou 50	D4	123.6 j	16.6 k	3.86 abc	7.90 j	4198.8 cd	14264.2 gh	29.50 bc
		D5	107.0 l	21.1 ef	3.94 ab	8.88 i	4113.3 cd	13944.5 j	29.54 bc
	浙油50×	D1	295.0 b	21.3 de	3.72 ef	23.38 b	3554.7 h	14365.2 f	24.81 m
	华航901	D2	193.0 e	18.5 i	3.64 fg	12.98 e	3644.0 gh	14049.1 i	25.97 jkl
	Zheyou 50×	D3	153.8 h	17.1 jk	3.93 ab	10.33 g	4208.0 c	16039.6 b	26.29 ijk
	Huahang 901	D4	132.0 i	17.5 j	3.97 a	9.20 i	4422.8 b	16470.1 a	26.89 fghi
		D5	117.0 k	15.0 l	3.74 def	6.58 m	3621.3 gh	14371.2 f	25.26 lm
方差分析Variance analyses
年份(点) Year & Site (YS)			**	**	**	**	**	**	**
品种Variety (V)			**	**	**	**	**	**	**
密度Density (D)			**	**	**	**	**	**	**
YS×V			**	**	**	**	**	**	**
YS×D			**	**	**	**	**	**	**
V×D			NS	**	**	**	**	**	**
YS×V×D			**	**	**	**	**	**	*

Table S1

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table S2

Effects of planting densities on main agronomic traits of rapeseed at maturity (2017, Wuhan)"

品种 Variety	密度 Density	株高 Plant height (cm)	一次分枝高度 Primary branch height (cm)	分枝数 Branch number	根颈粗 Root crown diameter (mm)	地上部鲜重 Shoot fresh weight (g)	根鲜重 Root fresh weight (g)	茎秆抗折力 Stem breaking resistance (N)
浙油50	D1	212.6 a	88.3 gh	7.9 c	20.47 b	328.92 a	42.30 a	140.78 a
Zheyou 50	D2	202.0 c	94.6 abc	6.2 h	16.37 g	200.80 f	23.98 g	108.65 c
	D3	193.1 e	95.1 ab	6.1 i	15.22 h	173.52 h	20.31 i	98.64 cd
	D4	188.3 f	96.0 a	5.6 k	14.85 ij	157.29 i	19.08 j	92.02 de
	D5	180.8 ij	86.8 hij	5.4 l	14.72 j	142.82 k	18.56 j	78.18 fg
华航901	D1	200.9 c	87.7 ghi	8.0 b	18.38 d	231.58 e	30.66 d	95.80 cde
Huahang	D2	186.4 fg	89.9 fg	6.5 f	17.94 e	176.17 h	28.38 e	83.44 ef
901	D3	181.0 hij	90.8 ef	6.3 g	15.21 h	146.77 j	17.06 k	61.94 hi
	D4	180.3 ij	92.3 cde	6.1 i	14.45 k	129.48 l	16.28 l	56.74 hij
	D5	172.6 k	83.1 kl	5.8 j	13.87 m	116.39 n	14.81 m	49.40 ij
华航901	D1	196.8 d	83.0 kl	8.1 a	21.05 a	263.66 b	40.51 b	134.12 ab
×浙油50	D2	189.0 f	84.5 jk	7.7 d	20.65 b	241.60 c	37.74 c	122.09 b
Huahang 901	D3	179.8 ij	85.5 ij	6.6 e	16.84 f	141.65 k	26.91 f	65.41 gh
×Zheyou 50	D4	179.1 j	85.8 ij	6.3 g	14.96 ij	130.50 l	21.22 h	56.91 hij
	D5	167.9 l	81.0 l	5.2 n	14.47 k	119.43 mn	21.08 h	47.83 j
浙油50×	D1	208.5 b	93.3 bcd	6.5 f	18.93 c	235.16 d	40.20 b	103.34 cd
华航901	D2	199.7 cd	94.1 abc	5.8 j	17.85 e	194.07 g	27.71 e	94.33 de
Zheyou 50×	D3	184.3 gh	92.6 cde	5.3 m	15.03 hi	156.82 i	20.09 i	84.87 ef
Huahang 901	D4	182.5 hi	91.3 def	5.1 o	14.33 k	130.48 l	17.77 k	63.30 h
	D5	173.1 k	81.3 l	4.6 p	14.11 l	121.91 m	15.92 l	59.04 hij
方差分析Variance analyses
品种Variety (V)		**	**	**	**	**	**	**
密度Density (D)		**	**	**	**	**	**	**
V×D		**	**	**	**	**	**	**

Table S2

Table S3

Effects of planting densities on main agronomic traits of rapeseed at maturity (2017, Xining)"

品种 Variety	密度Density	株高 Plant height (cm)	一次分枝高度 Primary branch height (cm)	分枝数 Branch number	根颈粗 Root crown diameter (mm)	地上部鲜重 Shoot fresh weight (g)	根鲜重 Root fresh weight (g)	茎秆抗折力 Stem breaking resistance (N)
浙油50	D1	174.4 a	73.1 g	5.9 e	17.38 c	292.65 c	31.21 b	130.01 b
Zheyou 50	D2	168.1 b	77.8 cd	5.2 i	13.41 f	197.37 e	14.51 h	69.91 de
	D3	157.8 de	89.3 a	4.7 k	12.42 k	129.09 i	13.06 i	55.57 ef
	D4	143.5 hi	79.9 b	4.1 m	10.15 o	91.74 k	7.40 m	33.31 h
	D5	132.7 k	74.2 f	4.0 o	9.11 r	80.72 l	6.65 n	24.21 h
华航901	D1	126.0 l	26.1 p	7.0 c	17.44 c	190.02 f	24.12 d	73.22 d
Huahang	D2	116.2 m	31.7 o	6.0 d	12.99 h	121.17 j	15.26 g	62.01 def
901	D3	113.5 m	34.9 n	5.5 g	12.80 i	118.13 j	15.17 gh	48.22 fg
	D4	106.3 n	44.0 l	4.1 n	9.86 p	61.55 m	8.99 k	34.43 gh
	D5	103.4 n	40.7 m	4.0 no	9.39 q	60.03 mn	7.24 mn	25.30 h
品种 Variety	密度Density	株高 Plant height (cm)	一次分枝高度 Primary branch height (cm)	分枝数 Branch number	根颈粗 Root crown diameter (mm)	地上部鲜重 Shoot fresh weight (g)	根鲜重 Root fresh weight (g)	茎秆抗折力 Stem breaking resistance (N)
华航901	D1	158.8 de	58.7 j	7.5 b	23.11 a	337.99 b	33.53 a	125.40 b
×浙油50	D2	149.4 f	63.5 i	5.8 f	14.93 d	179.60 g	18.73 f	67.68 de
Huahang 901	D3	141.8 i	67.6 h	5.0 j	13.18 g	128.38 i	12.57 i	48.46 fg
×Zheyou 50	D4	136.5 j	67.6 h	4.5 l	11.87 l	78.40 l	9.70 j	31.86 h
	D5	135.6 jk	78.0 c	4.5 l	10.53 n	77.11 l	9.04 jk	20.69 h
浙油50×	D1	163.0 c	56.0 k	7.6 a	17.64 b	344.22 a	26.15 c	158.41 a
华航901	D2	160.8 cd	73.5 g	5.9 e	14.45 e	225.05 d	19.98 e	92.68 c
Zheyou 50×	D3	156.8 e	77.2 de	5.4 h	12.61 j	146.89 h	12.66 i	57.56 ef
Huahang 901	D4	148.6 fg	76.8 e	3.6 p	11.16 m	81.25 l	8.19 l	31.64 h
	D5	145.6 gh	73.4 g	3.2 q	8.34 s	56.11 n	4.29 o	19.84 h
方差分析Variance analyses
品种Varity (V)		**	**	**	**	**	**	**
密度Density (D)		**	**	**	**	**	**	**
V×D		**	**	**	**	**	**	**

Table S3

Fig. 5

Table S4

Effects of planting densities on lodging index at different parts of rapeseed stem"

年份(点) Year (site)	品种 Variety	密度Density	第1段 Part one (cm g g^-1)	第2段 Part two (cm g g^-1)	第3段 Part three (cm g g^-1)	第4段 Part four (cm g g^-1)	4段平均值 Average of four parts (cm g g^-1)
2017 武汉 2017 Wuhan	浙油50 Zheyou 50	D1	2.81 c	3.20 b	3.46 b	3.23 d	3.17 b
		D2	2.31 h	2.49 f	2.69 h	2.93 g	2.61 g
		D3	2.29 hi	2.32 h	2.42 j	2.51 ij	2.39 j
		D4	1.79 k	2.19 i	2.38 j	2.12 l	2.12 l
		D5	1.61 l	1.96 k	2.19 k	2.17 kl	1.98 n
	华航901	D1	3.07 a	3.29 a	3.71 a	3.84 a	3.48 a
	Huahang 901	D2	2.88 b	3.02 c	3.21 cd	3.43 c	3.14 b
		D3	2.82 c	2.80 d	3.07 e	3.02 f	2.93 d
		D4	2.59 e	2.66 e	3.20 d	3.00 f	2.86 e
		D5	2.38 g	2.45 fg	2.98 f	2.52 ij	2.58 gh
	华航901	D1	2.70 d	2.98 c	3.19 d	3.41 c	3.07 c
	×浙油50	D2	2.45 f	2.69 e	2.83 g	3.10 e	2.77 f
	Huahang 901	D3	2.38 g	2.42 g	2.63 h	2.85 h	2.57 gh
	×Zheyou 50	D4	2.35 gh	2.45 fg	2.82 g	2.55 i	2.54 hi
		D5	2.12 j	2.24 i	2.50 i	2.47 j	2.33 k
	浙油50×	D1	2.69 d	3.02 c	3.27 c	3.60 b	3.15 b
	华航901	D2	2.24 i	2.33 h	2.52 i	2.97 fg	2.51 i
	Zheyou 50×	D3	1.83 k	1.96 k	2.19 k	2.46 j	2.11 l
	Huahang 901	D4	1.78 k	2.05 j	2.17 k	2.21 k	2.05 m
年份(点) Year (site)	品种 Variety	密度Density	第1段 Part one (cm g g^-1)	第2段 Part two (cm g g^-1)	第3段 Part three (cm g g^-1)	第4段 Part four (cm g g^-1)	4段平均值 Average of four parts (cm g g^-1)
		D5	1.51 m	1.74 l	1.93 l	2.20 k	1.84 o
2017 西宁 2017 Xining	浙油50 Zheyou 50	D1	2.86 e	3.23 c	2.71 f	2.36 f	2.79 e
		D2	2.15 i	3.10 ef	2.59 g	2.28 h	2.53 g
		D3	2.56 g	2.79 h	2.45 h	1.84 l	2.41 i
		D4	2.83 e	3.04 fg	3.02 d	2.28 gh	2.79 e
		D5	3.42 b	3.86 a	3.42 a	2.47 e	3.29 a
	华航901	D1	1.77 k	2.12 k	2.83 e	3.30 a	2.50 g
	Huahang 901	D2	1.62 l	1.81 m	1.86 j	2.05 j	1.83 m
		D3	1.39 m	1.74 n	1.85 j	1.96 k	1.73 n
		D4	1.43 m	1.67 n	1.75 k	1.40 m	1.56 o
		D5	1.95 j	2.28 j	2.11 i	2.13 i	2.12 k
	华航901	D1	2.62 g	3.02 g	2.63 g	2.34 fg	2.65 f
	×浙油50	D2	2.40 h	2.42 i	2.10 i	1.96 k	2.22 j
	Huahang 901	D3	2.18 i	2.17 k	1.91 j	1.81 l	2.02 l
	×Zheyou 50	D4	1.91 j	1.96 l	1.53 l	1.42 m	1.71 n
		D5	2.70 f	2.82 h	2.46 h	1.79 l	2.44 h
	浙油50×	D1	3.01 d	3.15 de	3.24 c	2.86 b	3.06 b
	华航901	D2	2.72 f	3.03 g	3.03 d	2.86 b	2.91 d
	Zheyou 50×	D3	2.88 e	3.21 cd	3.02 d	2.72 c	2.96 c
	Huahang 901	D4	3.20 c	3.26 c	3.25 c	2.43 e	3.04 b
		D5	3.66 a	3.49 b	3.35 b	2.58 d	3.27 a
方差分析Variance analyses
年份(点) Year & Site (YS)			**	**	**	**	**
品种Variety (V)			**	**	**	**	**
密度Density (D)			**	**	**	**	**
YS×V			**	**	**	**	**
YS×D			**	**	**	**	**
V×D			**	**	**	**	**
YS×V×D			**	**	**	**	**

Table S4

Fig. 6

Table S5

Effects of planting densities on lodging heterosis index of reciprocal combinations"

年份(点) Year (site)	品种 Variety	密度 Density	株高 Plant height (%)	地上部鲜重 Shoot fresh weight (%)	倒伏指数Lodging index (%)
年份(点) Year (site)	品种 Variety	密度 Density	株高 Plant height (%)	地上部鲜重 Shoot fresh weight (%)	第1段 Part one	第2段 Part two	第3段 Part three	第4段 Part four	平均值 Average
2017 武汉 2017 Wuhan	华航901 ×浙油50 Huahang 901 ×Zheyou 50	D1	95.19 f	94.08 d	91.76 b	91.84 d	88.90 c	96.44 cd	92.24 d
		D2	97.32 cde	128.20 a	94.38 b	97.66 bc	95.94 b	97.54 c	96.44 bc
		D3	96.12 ef	88.44 f	93.15 b	94.67 cd	95.98 b	103.13 ab	96.84 b
		D4	97.20 de	91.00 e	107.24 a	101.25 ab	101.04 a	99.77 bc	102.12 a
		D5	95.03 f	92.15 de	106.48 a	101.57 a	96.56 b	105.41 a	102.20 a
		AVG	96.17	98.77	98.60	97.40	95.69	100.46	97.97
	浙油50× 华航901 Zheyou 50× Huahang 901	D1	100.86 b	83.91 g	91.43 b	93.26 d	91.24 c	101.82 b	94.58 c
		D2	102.82 a	102.97 b	86.24 c	84.69 e	85.22 d	93.39 d	87.58 e
		D3	98.53 cd	97.92 c	71.66 f	76.77 f	79.96 e	88.85 e	79.50 g
		D4	99.03 c	91.02 e	81.42 d	84.41 e	77.91 e	86.20 e	82.38 f
		D5	97.98 cd	94.07 d	75.46 e	79.09 f	74.77 f	93.70 d	80.81 fg
		AVG	99.84	93.98	81.24	83.64	81.82	92.79	84.97
2017 西宁 2017 Xining	华航901 ×浙油50 Huahang 901 ×Zheyou 50	D1	105.74 ef	140.05 a	113.01 e	112.93 d	94.91 e	82.70 g	100.14 f
		D2	105.13 f	112.76 c	127.33 d	98.41 e	94.59 e	90.71 f	101.76 f
		D3	104.55 f	103.91 e	110.25 e	96.01 e	89.06 f	95.17 e	97.41 g
		D4	109.30 d	102.38 e	89.68 g	83.36 g	64.42 g	77.39 h	78.44 i
		D5	114.91 c	109.62 cd	100.62 f	91.86 f	88.70 f	78.03 h	90.29 h
		AVG	107.93	113.75	108.18	96.51	86.34	84.80	93.61
	浙油50× 华航901 Zheyou 50× Huahang 901	D1	108.52 de	142.63 a	130.16 d	117.86 c	116.90 d	100.89 d	115.75 e
		D2	113.16 c	141.32 a	144.54 b	123.31 b	136.30 b	132.32 b	133.43 c
		D3	115.59 c	118.84 b	146.17 ab	141.80 a	140.66 a	143.17 a	142.85 a
		D4	118.97 b	106.03 de	150.48 a	138.49 a	136.59 b	132.07 b	139.54 b
		D5	123.35 a	79.73 f	136.22 c	113.59 d	121.00 c	112.33 c	120.82 d
		AVG	115.92	117.71	141.52	127.01	130.29	124.16	130.48

Table S5

Fig. 7

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