种植方式与施氮对西北旱区饲草作物产量、品质和水分利用的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13053

Abstract

Abstract:

Intercropping and nitrogen application are important measures to improve the yield and quality of forage crops. However, the suitable nitrogen application rate of silage corn/legume intercropping system in the arid area of Northwest China is not clear. Three planting methods of silage corn/Dolichos lablab intercropping (SL), silage corn/fodder soybean intercropping (SF), and silage corn monoculture (S) were conducted in this experiment. Four nitrogen application levels of 0 kg hm^-2 (N1), 120 kg hm^-2 (N2), 240 kg hm^-2 (N3), and 360 kg hm^-2 (N4) were set under each planting mode. To explore the suitable jade bean intercropping combination and nitrogen application rate in the arid area of Northwest China, the effects of planting methods and nitrogen application levels on forage crop yield, quality and water use were analyzed. The results showed that compared with S treatment, the hay yield of SL treatment increased significantly by 8.94% and 8.68% in 2019 and 2020, and the water use efficiency increased significantly by 12.28% and 8.90%, respectively. Compared with monoculture, intercropping significantly increased the contents of crude protein and crude ash, and significantly reduced the contents of starch and neutral detergent fiber. Compared with no nitrogen application, nitrogen application significantly increased hay yield, crude protein, starch, and crude fat content, significantly reduced neutral and acid detergent fiber content, but there was no significant effect on crude ash content. Compared with N1, the hay yields of N2, N3, and N4 increased significantly by 30.30%, 56.19%, and 53.95% in 2019 and 22.02%, 60.54%, and 51.83% in 2020, respectively. WUE of N3 and N4 was significantly higher than that of N1 and N2, but there was no significant difference between N3 and N4. Among all treatments, SL-N3 obtained the highest two-year average hay yield (33.10 t hm^-2), crude protein content (10.01%), and WUE (62.50 kg hm^-2 mm^-1). To sum up, SL-N3 is a management model suitable for silage corn production in arid areas of northwest China.

Key words: nitrogen application, silage corn, leguminous crops, yield, nutritional quality

WEI Zheng-Ye, ZHANG Hai-Xing, SHI Wei, CHANG Sheng-Hua, ZHANG Cheng, JIA Qian-Min, HOU Fu-Jiang. Effects of planting methods and nitrogen application on forage crop yield, quality and water use in arid area of northwest China[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(10): 2638-2653.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1

Table 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Contents of crude protein, starch, and crude fat of forage crops under different treatments"

种植方式 Planting mode	施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	粗蛋白Crude protein (%)		淀粉Starch (%)		粗脂肪Crude fat (%)
种植方式 Planting mode	施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	2019	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020
青贮玉米-拉巴豆间作 SL	N1	7.63±0.14 de	7.30±0.37 e	32.86±0.60 b	29.74±1.32 b	2.20±0.05 de	2.88±0.13 cd
	N2	8.66±0.34 bcd	8.55±0.38 c	33.71±1.77 ab	31.20±1.46 b	2.54±0.15 abc	2.97±0.11 bc
	N3	9.91±0.47 a	10.10±0.01 a	34.68±1.94 ab	32.54±0.86 b	2.76±0.15 ab	3.25±0.04 ab
	N4	10.09±0.65 a	9.72±0.21 ab	34.09±2.94 ab	32.47±0.55 b	2.84±0.21 a	3.27±0.10 a
青贮玉米-秣食豆间作 SF	N1	7.43±0.41 ef	7.13±0.24 e	33.21±2.23 ab	29.74±1.34 b	2.12±0.14 de	3.03±0.14 abc
	N2	8.19±0.34 cde	8.58±0.16 c	35.34±2.20 ab	30.04±1.42 b	2.37±0.12 bcd	3.02±0.08 abc
	N3	9.06±0.42 abc	9.56±0.18 ab	35.96±2.07 ab	32.25±0.38 b	2.71±0.19 ab	3.14±0.08 abc
	N4	9.52±0.33 ab	9.30±0.11 b	34.40±1.99 ab	32.64±1.30 b	2.87±0.17 a	3.30±0.10 a
青贮玉米单作 S	N1	6.36±0.37 f	6.06±0.13 f	36.98±3.06 ab	30.60±0.83 b	2.01±0.15 e	2.69±0.03 d
	N2	7.32±0.46 ef	7.17±0.30 e	37.07±2.02 ab	31.54±1.84 b	2.49±0.18 abc	2.92±0.11 cd
	N3	8.12±0.65 cde	8.06±0.20 cd	39.56±2.87 a	37.09±1.71 a	2.81±0.20 a	3.03±0.08 abc
	N4	8.48±0.41 bcde	7.72±0.44 de	37.11±2.25 ab	38.34±2.45 a	2.93±0.16 a	3.09±0.16 abc
平均值 Average	SL	9.07±1.11 A	8.92±1.17 A	33.83±1.84 B	31.49±1.52 B	2.59±0.29 A	3.09±0.20 A
	SF	8.55±0.90 B	8.64±1.00 B	34.72±2.11 B	31.17±1.69 B	2.52±0.33 A	3.12±0.15 A
	S	7.57±0.95 C	7.25±0.83 C	37.68±2.48 A	34.40±3.84 A	2.56±0.40 A	2.93±0.18 B
	N1	7.14±0.65 C	6.83±0.62 D	34.35±2.76 A	30.03±1.12 B	2.11±0.14 C	2.87±0.18 B
	N2	8.06±0.68 B	8.10±0.74 C	35.37±2.27 A	30.93±1.53 B	2.47±0.15 B	2.97±0.10 B
	N3	9.03±0.90 A	9.24±0.93 A	36.73±2.98 A	33.96±2.54 A	2.76±0.16 A	3.14±0.11 A
	N4	9.36±0.82 A	8.91±0.95 B	35.20±2.55 A	34.49±3.22 A	2.88±0.16 A	3.22±0.15 A
因素显著性Significance of ANOVA	P	**	**	**	**	ns	**
	N	**	**	ns	**	**	**
	P×N	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	ns

Table 2

Table 3

Contents of crude ash, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber of forage crops under different treatments"

种植方式 Planting mode	施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	粗灰分 Crude ash (%)		中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%)		酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%)
种植方式 Planting mode	施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	2019	2020	2019	2020	2019	2020
青贮玉米-拉巴豆间作 SL	N1	4.54±0.12 ab	5.02±0.42 a	41.27±1.87 ab	43.76±4.13 ab	26.21±1.05 a	28.15±2.92 a
	N2	4.58±0.24 ab	4.98±0.34 a	39.70±2.37 ab	41.89±2.27 abc	26.05±1.69 a	25.62±1.61 abc
	N3	4.74±0.30 a	5.04±0.04 a	36.77±1.59 ab	38.50±1.05 bc	23.66±1.37 ab	22.57±0.59 cd
	N4	4.55±0.35 ab	4.86±0.25 a	36.01±1.63 b	36.86±0.46 c	22.93±1.01 ab	21.51±0.39 d
青贮玉米-秣食豆间作 SF	N1	4.28±0.28 abc	5.00±0.26 a	41.97±3.44 ab	43.24±3.66 ab	26.67±1.95 a	27.59±2.36 ab
	N2	4.57±0.22 ab	4.89±0.11 a	40.33±2.72 ab	41.12±1.86 abc	26.61±1.52 a	25.48±1.17 abc
	N3	4.55±0.27 ab	5.03±0.18 a	37.83±2.31 ab	39.85±1.21 bc	24.46±1.69 ab	23.49±0.74 cd
	N4	4.59±0.27 ab	4.72±0.09 a	37.35±1.36 ab	38.68±0.18 bc	23.38±1.14 ab	22.04±0.01 cd
青贮玉米单作S	N1	3.70±0.19 c	4.53±0.08 a	43.27±3.35 a	46.06±1.33 a	26.20±1.55 a	27.07±0.83 ab
	N2	3.86±0.23 bc	4.59±0.14 a	41.74±2.27 ab	44.23±1.05 ab	25.53±1.48 ab	24.61±0.47 abcd
	N3	4.13±0.30 abc	4.61±0.01 a	39.83±2.29 ab	42.20±1.36 abc	23.19±1.45 ab	24.22±0.26 bcd
	N4	4.06±0.20 abc	4.50±0.19 a	37.64±1.27 ab	39.58±1.62 bc	21.92±0.93 b	21.97±0.54 cd
平均值 Average	SL	4.60±0.24 A	4.97±0.26 A	38.44±2.76 A	40.25±3.51 B	24.71±1.87 A	24.46±3.09 A
	SF	4.49±0.26 A	4.91±0.20 A	39.37±2.94 A	40.72±2.54 B	25.28±2.01 A	24.65±2.48 A
	M	3.94±0.27 B	4.56±0.11 B	40.62±3.01 A	43.02±2.77 A	24.21±2.15 A	24.47±1.95 A
	N1	4.17±0.42 A	4.85±0.35 A	42.17±2.72 A	44.35±3.12 A	26.36±1.37 A	27.60±1.98 A
	N2	4.34±0.41 A	4.82±0.26 A	40.59±2.31 AB	42.41±2.10 AB	26.06±1.43 A	25.24±1.13 B
	N3	4.47±0.37 A	4.89±0.23 A	38.14±2.26 BC	40.18±1.93 BC	23.77±1.42 B	23.43±0.87 C
	N4	4.40±0.35 A	4.69±0.22 A	37.00±1.45 C	38.37±1.47 C	22.75±1.10 B	21.84±0.42 D
因素显著性Significance of ANOVA	P	**	**	ns	**	ns	ns
	N	ns	ns	**	**	**	**
	P×N	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

Table 3

Fig. 3

Table 4

Table 5

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

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种植方式Planting mode	施氮水平 Nitrogen level	玉米株高 Plant height of corn (cm)	玉米相对叶绿素含量 SPAD of corn	玉米茎粗 Stem diameter of corn (mm)	豆科作物株高 Plant height of legume (cm)	豆科作物相对叶绿素含量 SPAD of legume
青贮玉米-拉巴豆间作 SL	N1	199.99 bc	36.70 d	21.96 c	145.45 bc	39.80 b
	N2	226.09 ab	38.95 cd	23.01 bc	159.29 b	40.69 b
	N3	206.73 bc	41.25 bc	24.01 bc	150.29 b	42.40 b
	N4	237.20 a	50.10 a	23.00 bc	199.52 a	47.50 a
青贮玉米-秣食豆间作 SF	N1	191.72 c	32.75 e	24.77 abc	116.33 d	12.50 c
	N2	234.42 ab	34.85 de	26.23 ab	124.67 d	13.77 c
	N3	209.90 bc	43.10 bc	26.77 ab	131.67 cd	16.50 c
	N4	201.59 bc	47.20 ab	23.46 bc	119.67 d	13.03 c
青贮玉米单作 S	N1	206.17 bc	31.90 e	21.47 c
	N2	234.77 ab	33.55 e	22.79 bc
	N3	215.87 ab	35.15 d	24.02 bc
	N4	242.21 a	46.30 ab	28.06 a
平均值 Average	SL	217.50 AB	41.75 A	23.00 B	163.64 A	42.60 A
	SF	209.41 B	39.48 A	25.31 A	123.08 B	13.95 B
	S	224.75 A	36.73 B	24.09 AB
	N1	199.29 C	33.78 C	22.73 B	87.26 B	17.43 B
	N2	231.76 A	35.78 C	24.01 AB	94.65 B	18.15 AB
	N3	210.83 BC	39.83 B	24.93 A	93.99 B	19.63 A
	N4	227.00 AB	47.87 A	24.84 A	106.40 A	20.18 A
因素显著性Significance of ANOVA	P	*	**	**	**	**
	N	**	**	**	**	**
	P×N	ns	ns	**	**	**

种植方式Intercropping mode	施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	播种前Before sowing (mm)		收获期Harvest period (mm)
种植方式Intercropping mode	施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	2019	2020	2019	2020
青贮玉米-拉巴豆间作 SL	N1	367.57±16.38 a	354.10±11.18 a	352.78±17.80 a	382.34±9.08 a
	N2	361.47±19.73 a	339.31±15.40 a	328.73±16.25 ab	362.52±6.08 a
	N3	359.90±24.87 a	329.57±18.22 a	308.90±16.48 ab	369.97±7.00 a
	N4	358.82±26.26 a	334.92±20.61 a	307.20±16.60 ab	386.20±9.80 a
青贮玉米-秣食豆间作 SF	N1	368.92±19.33 a	353.30±22.41 a	353.97±23.82 a	371.20±23.81 a
	N2	369.82±21.82 a	347.79±23.72 a	346.40±20.51 ab	361.32±4.94 a
	N3	367.30±22.04 a	330.05±24.09 a	312.45±17.41 ab	358.18±1.98 a
	N4	373.57±25.27 a	348.62±25.50 a	310.74±16.13 ab	378.09±1.99 a
青贮玉米单作 S	N1	368.92±25.34 a	349.18±17.45 a	341.23±18.90 ab	381.20±20.65 a
	N2	369.82±28.09 a	341.51±25.56 a	319.66±17.34 ab	375.59±3.60 a
	N3	368.98±28.62 a	327.55±20.67 a	303.18±20.26 ab	368.61±4.48 a
	N4	372.05±19.39 a	343.58±20.40 a	296.25±19.47 b	376.65±9.51 a
平均值 Average	SL	361.94±19.23 A	339.47±17.15 A	324.40±24.00 A	375.26±12.09 A
	SF	369.90±19.10 A	344.94±22.42 A	330.89±26.39 A	367.20±13.32 A
	S	369.94±21.89 A	340.45±19.92 A	315.08±24.31 A	375.51±11.05 A
	N1	368.47±17.93 A	352.19±15.43 A	349.33±18.64 A	378.25±17.24 AB
	N2	367.03±20.76 A	342.87±19.44 A	331.60±19.62 A	366.48±8.10 B
	N3	365.40±22.32 A	329.06±18.34 A	308.18±16.21 B	365.59±7.03 B
	N4	368.15±21.81 A	342.37±20.22 A	304.73±16.48 B	380.31±8.22 A
因素显著性Significance of ANOVA	P	ns	ns	ns	ns
	N	ns	ns	**	**
	P×N	ns	ns	ns	ns

种植方式Intercropping mode	施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	土壤蒸散量ET (mm)		水分利用效率WUE (kg hm^-2 mm^-1)
种植方式Intercropping mode	施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	2019	2020	2019	2020
青贮玉米-拉巴豆间作 SL	N1	553.89±17.45 a	496.10±11.95 a	40.28±1.62 cd	40.16±1.07 de
	N2	571.83±37.35 a	494.18±25.51 a	49.97±3.09 ab	48.59±2.40 cd
	N3	590.10±28.06 a	477.00±25.21 a	57.82±4.05 a	67.23±4.12 a
	N4	590.71±38.14 a	466.12±34.60 a	55.99±3.19 a	65.81±4.75 a
青贮玉米-秣食豆间作 SF	N1	554.06±24.36 a	499.50±33.93 a	37.13±2.16 cd	38.35±2.10 e
	N2	562.51±28.71 a	503.87±18.42 a	49.36±2.51 ab	46.52±2.81 de
	N3	593.96±36.26 a	489.28±34.42 a	56.25±3.29 a	64.54±4.62 ab
	N4	601.93±43.02 a	487.93±37.69 a	55.11±3.57 a	61.15±3.89 ab
青贮玉米单作 S	N1	566.79±28.15 a	485.38±11.30 a	35.79±2.11 d	38.56±2.58 e
	N2	589.26±38.78 a	483.32±29.86 a	44.07±3.24 bc	47.72±3.57 cd
	N3	604.90±47.31 a	476.33±32.07 a	51.48±3.81 ab	61.17±4.03 ab
	N4	614.90±39.55 a	484.34±30.80 a	50.42±3.30 ab	56.23±3.01 bc
种植方式Intercropping mode	施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	土壤蒸散量ET (mm)		水分利用效率WUE (kg hm^-2 mm^-1)
种植方式Intercropping mode	施氮水平 Nitrogen application level	2019	2020	2019	2020
平均值 Average	SL	576.64±31.10 A	483.35±25.41 A	51.02±7.62 A	55.45±12.34 A
	SF	578.12±35.79 A	495.14±28.18 A	49.46±8.31 A	52.64±11.54 AB
	S	593.96±38.32 A	482.34±23.63 A	45.44±7.07 B	50.92±9.43 B
	N1	558.25±21.53 B	493.66±19.90 A	37.73±2.63 C	39.02±1.95 C
	N2	574.54±32.70 AB	493.79±23.44 A	47.80±3.81 B	47.61±2.72 B
	N3	596.32±33.60 AB	480.87±27.42 A	55.18±4.31 A	64.31±4.53 A
	N4	602.52±36.43 A	479.46±31.53 A	53.84±3.90 A	61.06±5.38 A
因素显著性 Significance of ANOVA	P	ns	ns	**	*
	N	*	ns	**	**
	P×N	ns	ns	ns	ns

Effects of planting methods and nitrogen application on forage crop yield, quality and water use in arid area of northwest China

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