绿肥稻秆协同还田下氮肥减量的增产和培肥短期效应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12007

Abstract

Abstract:

Planting green manure and straw retention is an effective measure to improve soil fertility. Two-year field experiment were conducted to assess the effects of reduced nitrogen rate under the rice straw mulching combined with planting green manure (Astragalus sinicus L.) at full bloom stage on rice yield, yield components, and soil nutrient availability in Hantai district, Hanzhong city, Shaanxi province from 2018 to 2020. Five treatments were assigned: (1) CK, winter fallow, no straw mulching, no fertilization; (2) NPK, winter fallow, no straw mulching, conventional nitrogen fertilizer rate; (3) GRN1, planting green manure in winter, rice straw mulching with conventional N fertilizer rate; (4) GRN2, planting green manure in winter, rice straw mulching with 80% conventional N rate; (5) GRN3, green manure planting in winter, rice straw mulching with 70% conventional N rate. The results showed that: (I) rice yield (Quanxiangyou 1521) of GRN1 was 10,047 kg hm^-2, which was higher 6.7% than that of NPK, and GRN2 and GRN3 had marginal effects in 2019. Moreover, the yield (Huanghuazhan) of GRN2 and GRN3 were significantly higher than that of NPK by 6.6% and 5.8% in 2020, respectively. Compared with CK and NPK, the rice straw mulching combined with planting green manure significantly enhanced the rice yield by 67.9%-83.0% and 2.8%-6.7%, respectively. (II) Planting green manure combined with rice straw mulching increased soil organic carbon content and available P content in 0-20 soil layer. Compared with NPK treatment, soil organic carbon and available P content of GRN2 increased 6.8%-13.2% and 9.9%-12.6%, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that rice yield was significantly correlated with plant height, fresh weight per plant, fresh root stubble weight, filled grain number per panicle, and 1000-grain weight. Compared with NPK, GRN2 significantly increased effective panicle, effective grain number per panicle by 13.0%-29.3% and 4.5%-14.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, GRN2 significantly increased plant height, fresh weight per plant, and root fresh weight by 10.4%, 23.6%, and 30.0%, respectively. In conclusion, rice stalks mulching combined planting green manure with 20% reduced nitrogen rate can improve rice yield and agronomic performance, enlarge soil carbon sequestration capacity, and increase soil nutrients availability, which is a green rice cultural practice adapted to Hanzhong area.

Key words: Chinese milk vetch-rice rotation system, rice straw returning, rice yield, yield components, soil nutrient

WANG Lyu, CUI Yue-Zhen, WU Yu-Hong, HAO Xing-Shun, ZHANG Chun-Hui, WANG Jun-Yi, LIU Yi-Xin, LI Xiao-Gang, QIN Yu-Hang. Effects of rice stalks mulching combined with green manure (Astragalus smicus L.) incorporated into soil and reducing nitrogen fertilizer rate on rice yield and soil fertility[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(4): 952-961.

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年度 Season	处理 Treatment	pH	碱解氮 Alkali-resolving N (mg kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg kg^-1)	土壤有机碳 TOC (g kg^-1)
2018-2019	CK	6.18±0.04 a	57.67±5.43 c	7.80±0.40 c	68.97±1.80 b	6.55±0.27 c
	NPK	6.15±0.13 a	79.92±3.71 b	8.60±0.25 b	71.92±0.62 ab	7.37±0.86 b
	GRN1	6.08±0.11 a	84.58±0.88 b	9.01±0.21 b	73.39±6.08 a	8.23±0.59 a
	GRN2	6.07±0.09 a	95.08±2.67 a	11.42±0.62 a	75.82±3.62 a	8.34±0.53 a
	GRN3	6.18±0.16 a	94.50±6.48 a	8.86±0.63 b	72.41±3.11 ab	7.71±0.78 ab
2019-2020	CK	6.31±0.02 ab	19.61±0.22 c	14.59±0.83 c	76.24±1.94 c	8.82±0.31 c
	NPK	6.32±0.02 a	21.56±0.43 b	15.20±0.50 bc	76.37±1.54 c	9.14±0.11 bc
	GRN1	6.23±0.05 c	21.97±0.09 ab	16.21±0.71 ab	81.66±1.39 b	9.24±0.31 bc
	GRN2	6.26±0.04 bc	22.37±0.51 a	16.64±0.77 a	85.84±1.36 a	9.76±0.27 a
	GRN3	6.34±0.01 a	22.25±0.21 a	15.94±0.69 ab	84.82±1.60 a	9.49±0.19 ab
方差分析ANOVA
年度Season (S)		*	—	**	*	*
氮肥Nitrogen (N)		NS	—	**	**	**
年度×氮肥 S×N		NS	—	**	**	NS

年度 Season	处理 Treatment	有效穗 Effective panicle (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗实粒数 Filled grain number per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	结实率 Seed setting rate (%)
2018-2019	CK	150.15±2.50 c	120.11±1.45 c	30.60±0.18 b	93.34±1.06 a
	NPK	254.80±2.95 b	137.96±0.93 b	31.00±0.56 ab	92.53±2.68 a
	GRN1	280.80±6.35 a	153.36±6.08 a	31.54±0.56 a	91.76±2.31 a
	GRN2	287.95±5.00 a	157.77±4.34 a	31.92±0.66 a	91.85±0.11 a
	GRN3	279.82±5.85 a	136.86±7.13 b	31.68±0.44 a	90.86±0.21 a
2019-2020	CK	122.85±5.84 d	133.92±1.56 c	20.69±0.43 c	96.07±0.14 a
	NPK	222.41±5.74 c	141.29±1.12 b	21.51±0.41 b	95.83±0.45 ab
	GRN1	264.98±5.82 b	146.14±0.80 ab	22.12±0.63 ab	94.88±0.26 ab
	GRN2	287.62±3.47 a	147.71±3.17 a	22.93±0.45 a	94.84±0.46 b
	GRN3	259.35±7.95 b	143.24±1.02 ab	22.52±0.21 a	95.41±0.26 ab
方差分析ANOVA
年度Season (S)		*	NS	**	*
氮肥Nitrogen (N)		**	**	**	NS
年度×氮肥 S×N		**	**	NS	NS

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	单株鲜重 Plant fresh weight (g)	根茬鲜重 Root fresh weight (g)	根长 Root length (cm)	地上/地下部分 Aboveground/ underground	草谷比 Straw/grain
CK	112.30±0.90 c	106.97±0.77 c	52.93±1.59 c	20.45±0.35 bc	1.02±0.07 ab	2.00±0.09 a
NPK	119.55±0.25 b	220.84±10.40 b	96.90±0.71 b	23.30±0.50 a	1.19±0.12 ab	2.15±0.26 a
GRN1	126.21±3.60 a	209.21±15.86 b	108.90±7.56 ab	17.95±1.15 c	0.92±0.01 b	1.94±0.01 a
GRN2	132.01±1.60 a	281.87±16.07 a	125.97±7.58 a	22.75±1.05 ab	1.25±0.01 a	2.04±0.06 a
GRN3	129.31±0.10 a	230.57±11.80 b	102.37±2.26 b	19.85±0.45 c	1.24±0.13 ab	1.97±0.01 a

Effects of rice stalks mulching combined with green manure (Astragalus smicus L.) incorporated into soil and reducing nitrogen fertilizer rate on rice yield and soil fertility

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