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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (7): 1800-1812.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14085

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Screening of low nitrogen tolerant cultivars based on low nitrogen tolerance comprehensive index at seeding stage in cotton

ZHU Ling-Xiao1(), SONG Shi-Jia2, LI Hao-Ran1, SUN Hong-Chun1, ZHANG Yong-Jiang1, BAI Zhi-Ying1, ZHANG Ke1, LI An-Chang1, LIU Lian-Tao1,*(), LI Cun-Dong1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation / Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
    2Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
  • Received:2021-05-12 Accepted:2021-09-09 Online:2022-07-12 Published:2021-10-19
  • Contact: LIU Lian-Tao,LI Cun-Dong E-mail:574740516@qq.com;nxylcd@hebau.edu.cn;liultday@126.com
  • Supported by:
    State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871569)

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Abstract:

In cotton production, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers leads to the increasing cost of agricultural production and a large amount of nitrogen loss, causing damage to the environment. Screening cotton cultivars with low nitrogen tolerance is one of the most effective approaches to solve this problem. In this study, 21 cotton cultivars mainly planted in cotton regions were used as the experimental materials, and 23 agronomic traits were measured. The low nitrogen tolerance was evaluated by means of principal component analysis, the fuzzy membership function, cluster analysis, and correlation analysis under normal nitrogen treatment (N 138 mg kg-1) and low nitrogen treatment (N 0 g kg-1) using soil culture experiment at seeding stage. The results showed that the coefficient variation of most indexes were greater than 10%, which indicated that the selected varieties had good representativeness. Based on principal component analysis and correlation analysis, seven traits including root length, root surface area, root volume, shoot dry weight, total dry weight, actual photochemical efficiency, and maximum photochemical efficiency were used as evaluating indices for low nitrogen tolerance of cotton cultivars. Based on the low nitrogen tolerance comprehensive index, four low nitrogen tolerance cultivars (Luwu 403, Xinhai 12, Zhongmiansuo 64, and Xinluzao 23) and five low nitrogen sensitive cultivars (Fengkangmian 1, TM-1, Nongda 601, Zhongmiansuo 35, and Xinluzao 53) were screened out. The low nitrogen tolerance comprehensive index of the four low nitrogen tolerance cultivars ranged from 0.5723 to 0.6817, while the low nitrogen tolerance comprehensive index of five low nitrogen sensitive cultivars ranged from 0.2914 to 0.3962. In summary, the screening method based on the low nitrogen tolerance comprehensive index provided a new reference for the selection of crop cultivars with low nitrogen tolerance.

Key words: cotton, low nitrogen tolerance, evaluating indices, comprehensive evaluation, low nitrogen tolerance comprehensive index, screening

Table 1

Cotton traits and coefficients of low nitrogen tolerance under two nitrogen treatments"

性状
Trait		 正常氮处理
Normal N		 低氮处理
Low N		 耐低氮系数
Low N tolerance coefficient
平均值 Mean 标准差 SD 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均值 Mean 标准差 SD 变异系数 CV (%) 平均值 Mean 标准差 SD 变异系数 CV (%)
PH 9.50 A 2.26 23.74 7.40 B 2.06 27.79 0.79 0.20 24.77
SD 2.23 A 0.25 11.32 2.04 B 0.21 10.05 0.92 0.07 7.76
LA 109.45 A 41.82 38.21 60.19 B 16.23 26.97 0.59 0.02 34.11
SPAD 34.30 A 4.61 13.43 31.04 B 4.65 14.98 0.91 0.06 6.31
Pn 8.33 A 2.19 26.35 4.05 B 2.43 59.98 0.50 0.02 38.18
Gs 0.17 A 0.08 50.06 0.07 B 0.05 74.10 0.50 0.03 66.09
Ci 285.46 A 67.07 23.50 291.29 A 73.34 25.18 1.02 0.01 14.43
Tr 2.95 A 1.27 43.05 1.37 B 0.95 69.53 0.52 0.03 48.69
性状
Trait		 正常氮处理
Normal N		 低氮处理
Low N		 耐低氮系数
Low N tolerance coefficient
平均值 Mean 标准差 SD 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均值 Mean 标准差 SD 变异系数 CV (%) 平均值 Mean 标准差 SD 变异系数 CV (%)
WUE 3.18 A 1.48 46.64 2.73 B 1.26 45.99 0.90 0.03 29.25
ΦPSII 0.73 A 0.05 6.59 0.63 B 0.14 22.23 0.86 0.16 18.12
Fv/Fm 0.78 A 0.04 5.71 0.69 B 0.12 17.43 0.89 0.13 14.77
RL 1886.90 A 547.42 29.01 1197.54 B 229.34 19.15 0.69 0.24 34.67
RPA 76.74 A 22.93 29.88 49.23 B 9.96 20.23 0.70 0.24 34.60
RSA 241.07 A 72.04 29.88 154.66 B 31.30 20.23 0.70 0.24 34.60
RD 0.40 A 0.02 4.76 0.39 A 0.02 5.22 0.99 0.04 4.39
RV 2.47 A 0.83 33.46 1.59 B 0.38 23.76 0.71 0.25 35.98
SDW 0.96 A 0.22 22.77 0.68 B 0.08 12.52 0.74 0.21 28.78
RDW 0.28 A 0.06 21.15 0.26 B 0.04 16.06 0.97 0.23 23.62
TDW 1.25 A 0.27 21.87 0.94 B 0.10 11.03 0.79 0.21 26.07
RSR 0.30 B 0.04 12.22 0.40 A 0.07 18.08 1.34 0.24 17.59
NC 21.86 A 2.39 10.95 11.71 B 1.32 11.28 0.54 0.09 17.48
NA 27.32 A 6.64 24.30 11.00 B 1.41 12.85 0.43 0.14 32.54
NUE 46.33 B 5.40 11.66 86.45 A 9.58 11.08 1.89 0.30 15.87

Fig. 1

Hierarchy cluster heat-map of the low nitrogen tolerance coefficient of phenotypic traits for 21 cotton cultivars Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. 1: Xinluzao 20; 2: Xinhai 21; 3: Zhongmiansuo 16; 4: Zhongmiansuo 35; 5: Xinluzao 12; 6: Xinluzao 23; 7: Zhongmiansuo 69; 8: Fengkangmian 1; 9: Luwu 403; 10: Xinhai 12; 11: Nongda 601; 12: K837; 13: K836; 14: Guoxinmian 9; 15: Xinluzhong 15; 16: Nongda 23; 17: Xinluzao 53; 18: TM-1; 19: Jimian 958; 20: Zhongmiansuo 64; 21: Xinhai 20."

Table 2

Component matrix and cumulative contribution"

性状
Trait		 因子1
Factor 1		 因子2
Factor 2		 因子3
Factor 3		 因子4
Factor 4		 因子5
Factor 5
PH 0.6016 0.5188 0.1885 -0.0533 -0.1670
SD 0.7346 0.2687 -0.2699 0.1351 -0.2524
LA 0.8487 0.2417 0.2264 0.3237 -0.0836
SPAD 0.0801 -0.0215 -0.5582 0.4065 0.0760
Pn 0.1505 0.7097 0.6004 0.1444 0.0625
Gs 0.1771 0.7399 0.4081 0.2034 -0.2743
Ci -0.3702 0.0309 -0.2280 0.0511 -0.8427
Tr 0.2441 0.7653 0.4531 -0.0468 0.0400
WUE 0.6152 0.2309 -0.0267 0.2765 0.5526
ΦPSII 0.2661 0.1531 0.8713 0.0969 0.1768
Fv/Fm 0.2643 0.1092 0.8892 0.1371 0.1712
RL 0.9462 0.0295 0.0974 0.0873 0.2154
RSA 0.9603 0.0558 0.1561 0.0347 0.1781
RD 0.3938 -0.1375 0.4252 -0.1770 -0.2911
RV 0.9440 0.0978 0.1715 0.0483 0.1483
性状
Trait		 因子1
Factor 1		 因子2
Factor 2		 因子3
Factor 3		 因子4
Factor 4		 因子5
Factor 5
SDW 0.9364 0.0592 0.1770 0.2315 0.1205
RDW 0.8415 0.0501 0.1518 -0.4670 0.0889
TDW 0.9635 0.0485 0.1942 0.0631 0.1072
RSR -0.2077 0.0314 -0.0657 -0.9154 -0.0182
NC 0.0384 -0.9336 0.1041 0.0729 -0.0729
NA 0.8340 -0.4650 0.2276 0.0740 0.0453
NUE -0.0369 0.9310 -0.1122 -0.0371 0.1065
累计贡献率
Cumulative contribution (%)		 47.031 64.705 74.562 81.152 86.844

Table 3

Correlation of the D-value with low nitrogen tolerance coefficient of phenotypic traits"

性状
Trait		 相关系数
Correlation coefficient		 P值
P-value		 性状
Trait		 相关系数
Correlation coefficient		 P值
P-value
PH 0.724 0.000 RL 0.726 0.000
SD 0.478 0.028 RSA 0.743 0.000
LA 0.788 0.000 RD 0.299 0.188
SPAD 0.091 0.694 RV 0.742 0.000
Pn 0.619 0.003 SDW 0.730 0.000
Gs 0.462 0.003 RDW 0.551 0.010
Ci -0.545 0.011 TDW 0.720 0.000
Tr 0.564 0.008 RSR -0.269 0.239
WUE 0.746 0.000 NC -0.373 0.096
ΦPSII 0.538 0.012 NA 0.418 0.059
Fv/Fm 0.559 0.008 NUE 0.388 0.083

Table 4

Principle component values weight, D-value, and comprehensive index of low nitrogen tolerance of different cultivars"

品种
Cultivar		 因子1
Factor 1		 因子2
Factor 2		 因子3
Factor 3		 因子4
Factor 4		 因子5
Factor 5		 D值
D-value		 排序
Rank
新陆早20号 Xinluzao 20 -0.9564 0.3077 1.5239 -0.4691 0.0916 0.3852 11
新海21号 Xinhai 21 -1.0092 2.4066 1.1253 -2.4847 -1.3845 0.3961 10
中棉所16 Zhongmiansuo 16 -4.3197 -3.4555 -3.1731 -1.1166 -1.1868 0.1118 20
中棉所35 Zhongmiansuo 35 0.5350 -0.5879 1.8340 -0.8934 -0.6888 0.4085 9
新陆早12号 Xinluzao 12 -2.1007 0.6503 0.4105 -0.5769 -0.9120 0.3344 17
新陆早23号 Xinluzao 23 1.2706 2.1269 0.4159 2.2817 0.8221 0.5428 6
中棉所69 Zhongmiansuo 69 -1.2036 0.7515 -1.5538 -0.3693 0.7294 0.3670 13
丰抗棉1号 Fengkangmian 1 0.1170 -1.1065 -0.5612 -0.3528 -0.5557 0.3679 12
鲁无403 Luwu 403 -0.8602 1.5783 -0.4994 -0.1377 0.7774 0.8391 2
新海12号 Xinhai 12 1.5487 3.3288 1.5858 -0.9922 0.2796 0.5468 5
农大601 Nongda 601 -0.5588 -4.5430 -1.3566 0.8227 0.5991 0.2739 19
K837 0.3977 -0.6372 -3.1372 -1.5791 0.5061 0.3596 15
K836 10.4976 1.6463 5.6370 3.3847 4.7610 0.9515 1
国欣棉9号 Guoxinmian 9 2.7775 2.4231 2.3144 2.6178 2.3349 0.6359 3
新陆中15号 Xinluzhong 15 -1.4136 -0.8155 -2.3434 -1.2135 -0.3324 0.2950 18
农大23 Nongda 23 -1.7046 -0.4832 1.0049 -0.1880 0.4743 0.3402 16
新陆早53号 Xinluzao 53 -0.5483 -1.0800 0.7267 -0.5284 0.3915 0.3598 14
TM-1 -4.4425 -2.9849 -7.7051 -0.1541 -4.5841 0.0692 21
冀棉958 Jimian 958 -0.9118 -1.3400 -1.1111 0.3833 0.8979 0.4939 7
中棉所64 Zhongmiansuo 64 0.5484 3.5817 2.4610 2.7213 -2.2305 0.5547 4
新海20号 Xinhai 20 2.3369 -1.7673 2.4015 -1.1556 -0.7902 0.4450 8
权重 Weight 0.5416 0.2035 0.1135 0.0759 0.0655

Fig. 2

Distribution and correlations of the low nitrogen tolerance coefficient of phenotypic traits Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. *, **, and *** mean significant correlation at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively."

Fig. 3

Dendrogram of 21 cotton cultivars based on D-value 1-21 are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Table 5

Nitrogen efficiency comprehensive value under different nitrogen treatment of 21 cotton cultivars"

品种
Cultivar		 N效率综合值
N efficiency comprehensive value		 品种
Cultivar		 N效率综合值
N efficiency comprehensive value
低氮处理
Low N		 正常氮处理
Normal N		 低氮处理
Low N		 正常氮处理
Normal N
新陆早20号 Xinluzao 20 0.58 0.62 K837 0.54 0.59
新海21号 Xinhai 21 0.49 0.49 K836 0.33 0.19
中棉所16 Zhongmiansuo 16 0.37 0.86 国欣棉9号 Guoxinmian 9 0.46 0.34
中棉所35 Zhongmiansuo 35 0.32 0.39 新陆中15号 Xinluzhong 15 0.56 0.73
新陆早12号 Xinluzao 12 0.43 0.62 农大23 Nongda 23 0.56 0.63
品种
Cultivar		 N效率综合值
N efficiency comprehensive value		 品种
Cultivar		 N效率综合值
N efficiency comprehensive value
低氮处理
Low N		 正常氮处理
Normal N		 低氮处理
Low N		 正常氮处理
Normal N
新陆早23号 Xinluzao 23 0.64 0.54 新陆早53号 Xinluzao 53 0.30 0.53
中棉所69 Zhongmiansuo 69 0.52 0.66 TM-1 0.10 0.71
丰抗棉1号 Fengkangmian 1 0.23 0.49 冀棉958 Jimian 958 0.37 0.56
鲁无403 Luwu 403 0.57 0.64 中棉所64 Zhongmiansuo 64 0.72 0.55
新海12号 Xinhai 12 0.82 0.57 新海20号 Xinhai 20 0.49 0.51
农大601 Nongda 601 0.28 0.55

Fig. 4

Scatter map of nitrogen efficiency comprehensive value under different nitrogen treatment of 21 cotton cultivars 1-21 are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 5

Principal components analysis (PCA) a: low nitrogen coefficient; b: low nitrogen treatment; c: normal nitrogen treatment. 1-21 are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Table 6

Low nitrogen tolerance comprehensive index of 21 cotton cultivars"

品种
Cultivar		 耐低氮综合指数
Low nitrogen tolerance
comprehensive index		 品种
Cultivar		 耐低氮综合指数
Low nitrogen tolerance
comprehensive index
新陆早20号Xinluzao 20 0.5286 K837 0.4952
新海21号Xinhai 21 0.4597 K836 0.4913
中棉所16 Zhongmiansuo 16 0.4472 国欣棉9号Guoxinmian 9 0.4784
中棉所35 Zhongmiansuo 35 0.3734 新陆中15号Xinluzhong 15 0.5292
新陆早12号Xinluzao 12 0.4623 农大23 Nongda 23 0.5112
新陆早23号Xinluzao 23 0.5723 新陆早53号Xinluzao 53 0.3962
中棉所69 Zhongmiansuo 69 0.5169 TM-1 0.2914
丰抗棉1号Fengkangmian 1 0.3629 冀棉958 Jimian 958 0.4760
鲁无403 Luwu 403 0.6818 中棉所64 Zhongmiansuo 64 0.6097
新海12号Xinhai 12 0.6437 新海20号Xinhai 20 0.4817
农大601 Nongda 601 0.3670

Fig. 6

Dendrogram of 21 cotton cultivars based on low nitrogen tolerance comprehensive index 1-21 are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 7

Correlation analysis between the total dry weight and root dry weight"

Fig. 8

Correlation analysis between the N accumulation and root length, root area, and root volume a、c、e: 低氮处理; b、d、f: 正常氮处理。a, c, e: low nitrogen treatment; b, d, f: normal nitrogen treatment."

Fig. 9

Phenotypes of different cotton cultivars under low N and normal N treatment"

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