“十三五”国家东华北春玉米区域试验品种抗病性评价

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23031

Abstract

Abstract:

Diseases have been major biological adversity affecting maize production. Developing disease resistant varieties is the most economical, effective, and environment-friendly strategy for maize disease prevention. In this study, the disease identification data of 724 tested varieties in the national regional test (early-medium maturity, medium maturity, and late-medium maturity) were analyzed in Northeast and North China from 2016 to 2020, including northern corn leaf blight, head smut, fusarium stalk rot, gray leaf spot, and fusarium ear rot. The results revealed that medium resistance and susceptibility dominated the five disease resistance categories, accounting for 82.94%, 84.12%, and 72.46% in the early-medium maturity, medium maturity, and late-medium maturity groups, respectively. The varieties with early-medium maturity, medium maturity, and late-medium maturity groups with medium resistance (MR) or above accounted for 50.24%, 56.37%, and 69.33% of the total varieties, with high resistance (HR) accounting for 4.52%, 4.41%, and 7.84% of the total, respectively. Northern corn leaf blight and gray leaf spot antigens were few, and no high-resistance varieties existed. Fusarium stalk rot, head smut, fusarium ear rot, gray leaf spot, and northern corn leaf blight were ranked from high to low in terms of resistance (R) in early-medium maturity. The medium maturity group was fusarium ear rot, fusarium stalk rot, head smut, gray leaf spot, and northern corn leaf blight. The order of late-medium maturity group was fusarium ear rot, fusarium stalk rot, head smut, northern corn leaf blight, and gray leaf spot, respectively. Climate and environment had an impact on inter-annual identification results, and the overall performance in 2020 was worse. The varieties with the five kinds of diseases in the early-medium maturity, medium maturity, and late-medium maturity groups reaching the medium resistance (MR) or above at the same time accounted for 2.78%, 6.37%, and 15.67%, respectively. However, only one variety (Chengyu 88) passed the test, demonstrating that breeding high yielding, disease-resistant green maize variants was challenging. It was recommended that a disease-resistant green maize variety test group could be established, that disease-resistant green maize varieties be identified more successfully, and that green maize varieties be promoted more effectively and rapidly. This study clarifies the main disease resistance level of northeast and north spring maize test varieties in recent year, and provides a reference for future variety breeding, validation, and promotion, so as to support the green development of China’s maize seed industry.

Key words: 13th Five-Year, Northeast and North China, spring maize, variety, disease resistance

LUAN Yi, BAI Yan, LU Shi, LI Lei-Xin, WANG De-Qiang, GAO Ting-Ting, SHI Jie, YANG Hong-Ming, LU Ming. Multi-disease resistance evaluation of spring maize varieties for the national regional test in Northeast and North China during 2016-2020[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(4): 1122-1131.

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1

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病害 Disease	熟期组 Ripe period	高抗 HR	抗 R	中抗 MR	感 S	高感 HS	总计 Total
大斑病 Northern corn leaf blight	中早熟 Early-medium maturity	0	0	57	180	15	252
	中熟 Medium maturity	0	0	64	137	3	204
	中晚熟 Late-medium maturity	0	41	116	111	0	268
丝黑穗病 Head smut	中早熟 Early-medium maturity	0	31	57	156	8	252
	中熟 Medium maturity	1	23	77	100	3	204
	中晚熟 Late-medium maturity	35	64	59	109	1	268
茎腐 Stalk rot	中早熟 Early-medium maturity	56	57	120	18	1	252
	中熟 Medium maturity	26	27	102	47	2	204
	中晚熟 Late-medium maturity	39	65	124	30	10	268
灰斑病 Gray leaf spot	中早熟 Early-medium maturity	0	0	105	131	16	252
	中熟 Medium maturity	0	11	92	101	0	204
	中晚熟 Late-medium maturity	0	8	147	113	0	268
穗腐病 Ear rot	中早熟 Early-medium maturity	1	22	127	94	8	252
	中熟 Medium maturity	18	47	87	51	1	204
	中晚熟 Late-medium maturity	31	75	125	37	0	268

Multi-disease resistance evaluation of spring maize varieties for the national regional test in Northeast and North China during 2016-2020

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