盐胁迫对水稻籽粒灌浆特性及产量形成的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32021

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of salinity stress on grain-filling and yield of rice, the conventional japonica rice Nanjing 9108 and Huaidao 5 which were widely planted in saline alkali soil of Jiangsu province were used as the experimental materials. The treatments including the control (CK, 0 salt concentration), medium-salinity (medium-salinity, MS, 0.15% salt concentration), and high salt (high salinity, 0.3% salt concentration) were set. The results showed that, compared with the CK: (1) MS and HS both significantly reduced rice grain yield by 26.3% and 57.7% (average of the two cultivars), respectively. The number of panicles, spikelets per panicle, filled-grain percentage, and 1000-grain weight were all significantly decreased under salinity stress. (2) Salinity stress significantly reduced rice panicle length, the number of superior and inferior grains per panicle, filled-grain percentage, and 1000-grain weight. The decreases in filled-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight of superior grains per panicle under salinity stress were lower than those of inferior grains. (3) Salinity stress significantly reduced the dry matter weight of plants at heading and maturity stages, and the dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity, while increased the harvest index. The net photosynthetic rate and SPAD value at 15 and 30 days after heading of rice leaves under salinity stress were significantly lower than CK. (4) Salinity stress reduced the maximum and mean grain-filling rates of grains during grain-filling period, while the time to achieve the maximum grain-filling rate and effective grain-filling duration of grains increased. Salinity stress increased the days at the first, middle, and late stages during grain-filling period for superior and inferior grains, while the mean grain-filling rate and grain filling amount significantly decreased at the first, middle, and late stages during grain-filling period. The decrease in grain filling amount of superior grains at the first, middle, and late stages during grain-filling period was lower than that of inferior grains. (5) Salinity stress significantly decreased activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), starch synthases (SSS), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), and starch branching enzymes (SBE), and the decrease was greater in inferior grains than superior grains. In conclusion, the grain-filling days for superior and inferior grains increased under salinity stress, but the decrease in grain filling rate and activities of key enzymes involved in starch synthesis was greater, resulting in a significant deterioration in grain filling traits and a significant decrease in grain weight and yield. The inhibitory effects of salinity stress on grain-filling rate and grain filling amount of inferior grains were higher than those of superior grains.

Key words: salinity stress, rice, grain-filling, grain yield

WEI Huan-He, ZHANG Xiang, ZHU Wang, GENG Xiao-Yu, MA Wei-Yi, ZUO Bo-Yuan, MENG Tian-Yao, GAO Ping-Lei, CHEN Ying-Long, XU Ke, DAI Qi-Gen. Effects of salinity stress on grain-filling characteristics and yield of rice[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(3): 734-746.

Figures/Tables 10

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig. 1

Table 5

Stimulation equations of grain-filling process of rice under salinity stress"

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	粒位 Grain position	方程参数 Parameter				方程拟合 Simulated equation
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	粒位 Grain position	A	B	K	N	方程拟合 Simulated equation
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	对照 CK	强势粒 SG	21.97	7222.25	0.4987	4.5520	$Y=21.97{{\left( 1+7222.25{{\text{e}}^{-0.4987X}} \right)}^{-\ \frac{1}{4.5520}}}$	R²=0.976
		弱势粒 IG	18.47	10,231.27	0.2951	3.7955	$Y=18.47{{\left( 1+10231.27{{\text{e}}^{-0.2951X}} \right)}^{-\ \frac{1}{3.7955}}}$	R²=0.985
	中盐 MS	强势粒 SG	20.86	4853.81	0.4083	3.5638	$Y=20.86{{\left( 1+4853.81{{\text{e}}^{-0.4083X}} \right)}^{-\ \frac{1}{3.5638}}}$	R²=0.985
		弱势粒 IG	17.42	8217.82	0.2699	3.3456	$Y=17.42{{\left( 1+8217.82{{\text{e}}^{-0.2699X}} \right)}^{-\ \frac{1}{3.3456}}}$	R²=0.987
	高盐 HS	强势粒 SG	19.70	4417.23	0.3846	3.1275	$Y=19.70{{\left( 1+4417.23{{\text{e}}^{-0.3846X}} \right)}^{-\ \frac{1}{3.1275}}}$	R²=0.988
		弱势粒 IG	16.53	11,967.81	0.2696	3.2366	$Y=16.53{{\left( 1+11967.81{{\text{e}}^{-0.2696X}} \right)}^{-\ \frac{1}{3.2366}}}$	R²=0.986
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	对照 CK	强势粒 SG	23.01	7682.64	0.4864	4.5317	$Y=23.01{{\left( 1+7682.64{{\text{e}}^{-0.4864X}} \right)}^{-\ \frac{1}{4.5317}}}$	R²=0.988
		弱势粒 IG	19.24	11,824.47	0.2907	3.9182	$Y=19.24{{\left( 1+11824.47{{\text{e}}^{-0.2907X}} \right)}^{-\ \frac{1}{3.9182}}}$	R²=0.978
	中盐 MS	强势粒 SG	21.65	4853.82	0.4021	3.4138	$Y=21.65{{\left( 1+4853.82{{\text{e}}^{-0.4021X}} \right)}^{-\ \frac{1}{3.4138}}}$	R²=0.983
		弱势粒 IG	18.44	11,416.20	0.2736	3.6728	$Y=18.44{{\left( 1+11416.20{{\text{e}}^{-0.2736X}} \right)}^{-\ \frac{1}{3.6728}}}$	R²=0.989
	高盐 HS	强势粒 SG	20.22	4417.29	0.3847	3.1275	$Y=20.22{{\left( 1+4417.29{{\text{e}}^{-0.3847X}} \right)}^{-\ \frac{1}{3.1275}}}$	R²=0.990
		弱势粒 IG	16.71	11,967.81	0.2662	3.2366	$Y=16.71{{\left( 1+11967.81{{\text{e}}^{-0.2662X}} \right)}^{-\ \frac{1}{3.2366}}}$	R²=0.986

Table 5

Fig. 2

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

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年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	穗数 Number of panicles (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Percentage of filled grains (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	实产 Actual yield (t hm^-2)	抽穗期至成熟期天数 Duration from heading to maturity (d)
2021	南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	对照 CK	347 a	139.1 a	88.9 a	24.3 a	9.69 a	54
		中盐 MS	327 b	120.4 b	86.2 b	23.6 ab	7.38 b	53
		高盐 HS	271 c	87.6 c	83.1 c	21.6 b	4.02 c	52
	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	对照 CK	371 a	126.2 a	89.7 a	25.4 a	9.48 a	55
		中盐 MS	355 b	100.7 b	88.1 ab	24.8 ab	7.19 b	53
		高盐 HS	288 c	82.8 c	82.7 b	22.7 b	4.10 c	51
2022	南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	对照 CK	357 a	133.7 a	89.9 a	24.7 a	9.95 a	55
		中盐 MS	317 b	114.4 b	87.4 b	23.2 b	7.10 b	54
		高盐 HS	287 c	97.0 c	82.3 c	22.0 c	4.34 c	52
	淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	对照 CK	365 a	122.0 a	90.7 a	25.8 a	9.66 a	54
		中盐 MS	347 ab	106.3 b	87.1 b	24.2 b	6.97 b	53
		高盐 HS	304 b	74.4 c	83.5 c	23.1 c	3.97 c	52
显著性分析 P-value
年份 Year (Y)			NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	−
品种 Cultivar (C)			*	*	NS	**	**	−
处理 Treatment (T)			**	**	**	**	**	−
年份品种 Y × C			NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	−
年份处理 Y × T			NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	−
品种处理 C × T			*	NS	NS	*	**	−
年份品种处理 Y × C × T			NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	−

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	穗长 Panicle length (cm)	强势粒 Superior grains			弱势粒 Inferior grains
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	穗长 Panicle length (cm)	籽粒数 Number of grains	结实率 Percentage of filled grains (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	籽粒数 Number of grains	结实率 Percentage of filled grains (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	对照 CK	13.6 a	15.1 a	93.7 a	26.4 a	29.0 a	84.5 a	22.9 a
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	中盐 MS	12.3 b	12.5 b	90.8 b	25.0 b	24.6 b	81.7 b	21.1 b
	高盐 HS	11.9 b	11.5 c	87.3 c	23.9 c	16.7 c	77.9 c	20.1 c
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	对照 CK	12.9 a	14.2 a	94.2 a	27.8 a	26.5 a	83.8 a	23.8 a
	中盐 MS	11.7 b	11.6 b	92.1 ab	26.5 b	20.9 b	81.3 ab	22.2 b
	高盐 HS	11.3 b	10.9 c	88.5 b	24.9 c	13.7 c	76.7 b	20.5 c

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	干物重 Dry matter weight (t hm^-2)			干物重积累量 Dry matter accumulation (t hm^-2)		收获指数 Harvest index
		拔节期	抽穗期	成熟期	拔节期-抽穗期	抽穗期-成熟期
		Jointing	Heading	Maturity	Jointing to heading	Heading to maturity
南粳9108	对照 CK	4.7 a	10.8 a	17.1 a	6.05 a	6.37 a	0.495 c
Nanjing 9108	中盐 MS	3.2 b	7.9 b	12.0 b	4.65 b	4.19 b	0.517 b
	高盐 HS	2.4 c	4.6 c	6.8 c	2.17 c	2.23 c	0.534 a
淮稻5号	对照 CK	4.5 a	10.5 a	16.6 a	5.95 a	6.19 a	0.499 c
Huaidao 5	中盐 MS	3.3 b	7.7 b	11.8 b	4.39 b	4.10 b	0.521 b
	高盐 HS	2.1 c	4.3 c	6.4 c	2.20 c	2.10 c	0.541 a

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	净光合速率Leaf net photosynthetic rate (µmol m^-2 s^-1)		相对叶绿素含量SPAD values
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	抽穗后15 d 15 days after heading	抽穗后30 d 30 days after heading	抽穗后15 d 15 days after heading	抽穗后30 d 30 days after heading
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	对照 CK	23.4 a	17.7 a	44.2 a	36.5 a
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	中盐 MS	21.8 ab	16.6 b	41.6 b	33.4 b
	高盐 HS	19.2 b	14.2 c	35.6 c	28.6 c
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	对照 CK	22.8 a	16.8 a	43.6 a	35.1 a
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	中盐 MS	21.1 b	15.7 b	40.5 b	32.4 b
	高盐 HS	18.7 c	13.4 c	34.5 c	26.7 c

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	粒位 Grain position	籽粒灌浆特征参数 Grain-filling parameters
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	粒位 Grain position	最大灌浆速率 Maximum grain-filling rate (mg grain^-1 d^-1)	平均灌浆速率 Mean grain-filling rate (mg grain^-1 d^-1)	达最大灌浆速率的时间 The time to achieve the maximum grain-filling rate (d)	有效灌浆时间 Effective grain-filling days (d)
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	对照 CK	强势粒 SG	1.35	0.84	14.8	24.0
		弱势粒 IG	0.75	0.47	26.8	42.3
	中盐 MS	强势粒 SG	1.22	0.77	17.7	28.9
		弱势粒 IG	0.70	0.44	28.9	45.9
	高盐 HS	强势粒 SG	1.17	0.74	18.9	30.8
		弱势粒 IG	0.67	0.43	30.5	47.5
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	对照 CK	强势粒 SG	1.39	0.86	15.3	24.7
		弱势粒 IG	0.76	0.47	27.6	43.3
	中盐 MS	强势粒 SG	1.28	0.80	18.1	29.4
		弱势粒 IG	0.71	0.44	29.4	46.1
	高盐 HS	强势粒 SG	1.20	0.76	18.9	30.8
		弱势粒 IG	0.67	0.42	30.9	48.1

Effects of salinity stress on grain-filling characteristics and yield of rice

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品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	粒位 Grain position	前期 Early stage			中期 Middle stage			后期 Late stage
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	粒位 Grain position	天数 Days (d)	平均灌浆速率MGR (mg grain^-1 d^-1)	灌浆量 GFA (mg)	天数 Days (d)	平均灌浆速率 MGR (mg grain^-1 d^-1)	灌浆量 GFA (mg)	天数 Days (d)	平均灌浆速率 MGR (mg grain^-1 d^-1)	灌浆量 GFA (mg)
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	对照 CK	强势粒 SG	10.8	0.94	152.1	8.0	1.21	146.5	5.2	0.38	29.8
		弱势粒 IG	20.4	0.38	226.5	12.8	0.67	249.0	9.1	0.21	54.8
	中盐 MS	强势粒 SG	13.1	0.65	107.1	9.1	1.08	123.2	6.7	0.33	27.8
		弱势粒 IG	22.2	0.31	170.9	13.5	0.62	205.8	10.2	0.19	47.7
	高盐 HS	强势粒 SG	14.2	0.53	87.4	9.3	1.04	110.5	7.3	0.31	26.3
		弱势粒 IG	23.8	0.27	108.3	13.4	0.60	133.6	10.3	0.18	31.4
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	对照 CK	强势粒 SG	11.2	0.94	149.6	8.2	1.24	144.5	5.3	0.39	29.4
		弱势粒 IG	21.0	0.39	218.8	13.2	0.67	235.0	9.2	0.21	51.0
	中盐 MS	强势粒 SG	13.5	0.65	101.1	9.1	1.13	120.0	6.8	0.35	27.6
		弱势粒 IG	22.5	0.34	160.5	13.7	0.63	180.7	9.9	0.19	40.3
	高盐 HS	强势粒 SG	14.2	0.55	85.0	9.3	1.06	107.5	7.3	0.32	25.6
		弱势粒 IG	24.1	0.27	89.8	13.6	0.60	110.8	10.4	0.18	26.0

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品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	粒位 Grain position	AGPase酶活性 AGPase activity (mol min^-1 mg^-1)			GBSS酶活性 GBSS activity (mol min^-1 mg^-1)			SSS酶活性 SSS activity (mol min^-1 mg^-1)			SBE酶活性 SBE activity (U g^-1)
品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	粒位 Grain position	15 DAH	30 DAH	45 DAH	15 DAH	30 DAH	45 DAH	15 DAH	30 DAH	45 DAH	15 DAH	30 DAH	45 DAH
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	对照 CK	强势粒 SG	15.8 a	43.8 a	14.1 a	6.4 a	16.8 a	4.5 a	3.7 a	6.1 a	2.7 a	4.2 a	6.8 a	3.2 a
		弱势粒 IG	11.8 b	37.4 b	7.6 bc	5.6 b	14.8 b	3.3 b	3.2 b	4.8 b	1.9 b	3.8 b	5.8 b	2.7 b
	中盐 MS	强势粒 SG	10.3 c	28.7 c	8.6 b	5.1 c	13.2 c	3.2 b	2.9 b	4.8 b	2.1 b	3.2 c	5.2 c	2.6 b
		弱势粒 IG	7.3 d	23.9 d	4.3 d	3.9 d	10.3 d	2.0 cd	2.3 c	3.6 c	1.3 c	2.8 d	4.3 d	2.1 c
	高盐 HS	强势粒 SG	6.3 d	23.7 d	6.2 c	3.4 e	10.9 d	2.3 c	1.9 d	3.7 c	1.2 c	1.9 e	3.8 e	1.7 d
		弱势粒 IG	4.3 e	19.3 e	3.0 d	2.2 f	8.8 e	1.4 d	1.2 e	2.9 d	0.7 d	1.3 f	2.7 f	1.1 e
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	对照 CK	强势粒 SG	15.7 a	42.7 a	13.5 a	6.8 a	17.0 a	4.7 a	3.6 a	5.9 a	2.9 a	4.4 a	6.6 a	3.1 a
		弱势粒 IG	12.8 b	36.5 b	7.3 b	5.5 b	15.1 b	3.4 bc	3.1 b	5.0 b	1.6 c	3.5 b	5.7 b	2.8 b
	中盐 MS	强势粒 SG	10.7 c	29.8 c	7.9 b	5.6 b	13.8 c	3.8 b	2.7 c	4.9 b	2.0 b	3.6 b	5.4 b	2.4 c
		弱势粒 IG	8.0 d	24.5 d	3.9 d	4.0 c	11.1 d	2.4 c	2.2 d	3.7 c	1.0 d	2.6 c	4.6 c	1.8 d
	高盐 HS	强势粒 SG	6.1 e	23.7 d	6.4 c	3.7 c	10.3 d	2.1 c	2.1 d	3.2 d	1.5 c	1.8 d	4.0 d	1.8 d
		弱势粒 IG	4.6 f	18.9 e	3.1 d	2.0 d	7.8 e	1.3 d	1.3 e	2.0 e	0.6 e	1.2 e	2.5 e	1.2 e