北方春大豆品种农艺和品质性状分析与综合评价

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.44004

Abstract

Abstract:

Soybean germplasm resources are the key to the improvement of soybean variety. Variation analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, principal components analysis, piecewise linear regression analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analysis were conducted on the main agronomic and quality traits of 334 spring soybean germplasm resources in northern China. The results of cluster analysis showed that 334 soybean germplasm resources could be divided into 4 groups, among which group III mainly include cross breeding soybean varieties in Jilin region, with the high average yield per unit, strong lodging resistance, and better comprehensive performance in this region. Principal components analysis showed that the five principal components represented yield factor, quality factor, plant height factor, branching and flowering factor, and flowering to maturity time factor, with the cumulative contribution rate of 79.76%. The soybean variety with the best overall performance was No. 36 using DTOPSIS method. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, oil content, the number of nodes on main stem, and the number of seeds per plant had significant effect on yield; oil content, the number of pods per plant, the effective branch number, plant height, and flowering time had significant effect on protein content. Protein content, 100-seed weight, flowering time, flowering to maturity time, the number of pods per plant, and yield had significant effect on oil content. Based on piecewise linear regression analysis, combined with correlation analysis, and multiple regression equations, the optimum plant types for high-yield soybeans were established as follows: the number of nodes on main stem was increasing as much as possible. Five nodes height on the bottom was 8.00-14.70 cm. The number of pods per plant was more than 132.83. The effective branch number was about 6. The flowering time was about 57.16 days. The time from flowering to maturity was greater than 61.29 days, and the whole growth period was controlled before the frost period. Lodging is non-lodging or slight lodging. The number of seeds per plant was about 250.43. Protein content was about 38.87%, oil content was greater than 19.27%, 100-seed weight was 19.45-22.55 g. The optimum plant type of high-yield and high-oil soybeans was approximately 113.50-114.45 cm in plant height. Five nodes height on the bottom was 12.15-14.70 cm. The number of nodes on main stem shall not exceed 25.15 segments. The number of pods per plant was 132.83-142.65. The effective branch number was 0-3.00. Lodging was non-lodging or slight lodging. The flowering time was about 57.16 days. The time from flowering to maturity was 61.29-69.00 days, the number of seeds per plant was approximately 249.63, and 100-seed weight was 19.25-22.55 g. The optimum plant types for high-yield and high-protein soybeans were: the plant height was about 113.50-114.45 cm. Five nodes on the bottom were about 8.00-10.55 cm. The number of nodes on main stem was about 19.42. The number of pods per plant was 132.83-138.96, the branch number was about 4.72. Lodging can be mid-lodging. The flowering time was about 63.00 days. The time from flowering to maturity was about 68.52 days. The number of seeds per plant was 227.54-250.43, 100-seed weight was less than 19.20 g. This study revealed that northern spring soybean germplasm resources had a wide genetic background and rich genetic potential, which was the high-quality soybean breeding resources.

Key words: soybean, agronomic trait, quality trait, principal component analysis, piecewise linear regression, the comprehensive evaluation

NIE Bo-Tao, LIU De-Quan, CHEN Jian, CUI Zheng-Guo, HOU Yun-Long, CHEN Liang, QIU Hong-Mei, WANG Yue-Qiang. Analysis and comprehensive evaluation of agronomic and quality traits of spring soybean varieties in northern China[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(9): 2248-2266.

Figures/Tables 14

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 1

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Principal components comprehensive evaluation and ranking"

编号 No.	来源地 Origin	综合评价得分 D	排名 Rank	编号 No.	来源地 Origin	综合评价得分 D	排名 Rank
36	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	0.67	1	75	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.50	168
71	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.66	2	196	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.50	169
259	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.65	3	164	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.50	170
218	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.65	4	304	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.50	171
264	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.65	5	16	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.50	172
61	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.64	6	315	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.50	173
191	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.64	7	162	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.50	174
292	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.63	8	146	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.50	175
296	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.63	9	103	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.50	176
261	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.62	10	207	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.50	177
69	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.62	11	236	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.50	178
300	美国USA	0.62	12	54	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.50	179
217	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.62	13	156	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.50	180
285	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.62	14	227	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.50	181
190	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.62	15	210	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.50	182
265	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.61	16	189	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.50	183
131	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.61	17	282	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.50	184
78	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.61	18	43	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.50	185
216	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.60	19	268	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.50	186
330	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.60	20	247	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.50	187
313	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.60	21	187	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.49	188
223	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.60	22	194	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.49	189
111	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.60	23	318	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.49	190
249	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.60	24	279	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.49	191
233	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	0.59	25	243	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.49	192
230	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	0.59	26	96	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.49	193
214	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.59	27	331	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.49	194
244	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.59	28	56	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.49	195
283	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.59	29	104	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.49	196
38	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.59	30	333	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.49	197
325	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.59	31	307	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.49	198
37	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.58	32	160	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.49	199
58	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.58	33	241	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.49	200
294	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.58	34	256	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.49	201
186	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.58	35	60	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.49	202
55	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.58	36	222	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.49	203
151	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.58	37	19	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.49	204
284	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.58	38	109	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.49	205
79	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.58	39	147	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.49	206
297	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.58	40	206	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.49	207
219	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.58	41	35	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.49	208
102	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.57	42	221	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.49	209
165	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.57	43	319	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.49	210
205	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.57	44	132	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.49	211
113	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.57	45	280	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.49	212
274	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.57	46	117	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.49	213
77	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.57	47	237	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.49	214
51	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.57	48	161	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.49	215
34	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.57	49	135	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.49	216
198	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.57	50	159	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.48	217
138	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.57	51	245	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.48	218
40	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.57	52	175	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.48	219
70	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.57	53	93	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.48	220
41	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.56	54	95	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.48	221
201	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.56	55	278	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.48	222
195	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.56	56	91	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.48	223
84	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.56	57	200	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.48	224
252	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.56	58	286	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.48	225
169	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.56	59	83	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.48	226
209	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.56	60	320	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.48	227
31	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.56	61	275	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.48	228
122	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.56	62	173	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.48	229
150	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.56	63	314	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.48	230
263	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.55	64	86	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.48	231
273	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.55	65	52	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.47	232
120	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.55	66	57	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.47	233
1	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.55	67	329	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.47	234
90	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.55	68	88	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.47	235
257	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.55	69	271	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.47	236
226	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.55	70	272	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.47	237
140	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.55	71	25	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.47	238
108	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.55	72	29	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.47	239
212	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.55	73	106	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.47	240
317	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.55	74	139	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.47	241
107	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.55	75	152	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.47	242
289	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.55	76	258	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.47	243
26	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.55	77	87	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.47	244
50	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.55	78	112	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.47	245
248	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.55	79	153	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.47	246
76	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.55	80	211	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.47	247
262	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.55	81	62	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.47	248
269	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.55	82	276	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.47	249
123	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.55	83	63	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.46	250
80	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.55	84	293	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.46	251
142	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.55	85	110	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.46	252
281	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.55	86	163	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.46	253
242	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.55	87	125	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.46	254
49	中国新疆 Xinjiang, China	0.54	88	255	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.46	255
224	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.54	89	170	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.46	256
176	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.54	90	158	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.46	257
73	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.54	91	33	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.46	258
46	中国新疆 Xinjiang, China	0.54	92	240	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.46	259
250	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.54	93	89	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.46	260
215	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.54	94	181	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.46	261
193	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.54	95	13	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.46	262
295	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.54	96	92	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.46	263
204	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.54	97	23	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.46	264
99	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.54	98	45	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.46	265
101	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.54	99	18	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.46	266
299	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.54	100	53	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.46	267
298	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.54	101	302	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.45	268
85	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.54	102	134	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	0.45	269
157	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.54	103	316	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.45	270
66	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.54	104	179	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.45	271
137	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.54	105	28	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.45	272
322	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.54	106	291	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.45	273
174	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.53	107	130	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.45	274
114	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.53	108	118	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.45	275
172	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.53	109	126	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.44	276
74	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.53	110	144	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.44	277
199	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.53	111	17	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.44	278
167	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.53	112	334	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.44	279
182	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.53	113	133	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.44	280
203	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.53	114	327	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.44	281
311	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.53	115	270	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.44	282
310	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.53	116	148	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.44	283
42	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.53	117	277	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.44	284
309	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.53	118	105	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.44	285
183	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.53	119	94	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.44	286
97	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.53	120	145	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.43	287
155	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.53	121	239	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.43	288
220	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.53	122	20	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.43	289
27	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.53	123	141	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.43	290
154	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.53	124	168	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.43	291
47	中国新疆 Xinjiang, China	0.53	125	48	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	0.43	292
253	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.53	126	124	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.43	293
324	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.53	127	306	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.43	294
197	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.53	128	14	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.42	295
39	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.53	129	121	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.42	296
185	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.53	130	332	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.42	297
128	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.53	131	260	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.42	298
24	中国新疆 Xinjiang, China	0.53	132	10	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.42	299
321	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.53	133	81	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.42	300
64	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.53	134	305	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.42	301
72	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.52	135	312	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.42	302
82	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.52	136	238	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.42	303
288	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.52	137	234	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.42	304
129	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.52	138	6	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.42	305
184	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.52	139	177	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.41	306
308	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.52	140	254	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.41	307
235	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.52	141	12	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.41	308
202	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.52	142	246	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.41	309
287	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.52	143	231	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	0.41	310
192	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.52	144	59	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.41	311
65	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.52	145	98	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.40	312
115	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.52	146	232	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	0.40	313
251	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.52	147	4	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.40	314
32	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.52	148	229	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	0.40	315
323	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.52	149	303	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.40	316
67	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.52	150	22	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.40	317
180	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.52	151	328	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	0.39	318
208	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.52	152	116	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.39	319
149	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.51	153	166	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.39	320
171	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.51	154	11	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.39	321
119	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.51	155	21	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	0.38	322
178	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.51	156	15	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.38	323
188	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.51	157	127	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.38	324
326	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.51	158	228	中国内蒙古 Inner Mongolia, China	0.38	325
136	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.51	159	301	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.38	326
68	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.51	160	8	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.37	327
225	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.51	161	9	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.37	328
213	中国辽宁 Liaoning, China	0.51	162	2	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.35	329
44	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.51	163	267	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.35	330
143	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.51	164	3	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.35	331
30	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.50	165	5	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.34	332
100	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.50	166	7	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.33	333
290	中国黑龙江 Heilongjiang, China	0.50	167	266	中国吉林 Jilin, China	0.31	334

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Fig. 2

Table 8

Fig. 3

Table 9

Fig. 4

Table 10

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性状 Trait	最小值 Min.	最大值 Max.	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	平均数±标准差 Mean ± SD	变异系数 CV (%)	多样性指数H'	F值 F-value	P值 P-value
株高PH (cm)	41.80	181.35	111.68	22.47	111.68±22.47	20.12	2.06	38.00	1.23E-09^**
五节高FNB (cm)	9.06	19.25	14.03	1.38	14.03±1.38	9.85	2.04	2283.22	2.2E-217^**
主茎节数NNMS	13.35	27.35	19.81	2.40	19.81±2.40	12.11	2.06	6.55	0.01^**
单株荚数NPP	57.96	247.27	107.97	28.81	108.77±28.81	26.68	1.86	221.55	1.81E-43^**
分枝数EBN	0.05	6.80	3.03	1.37	3.03±1.37	45.09	2.06	48.84	6.74E-12^**
倒伏级别 L	0	4.00	1.23	1.15	1.23±1.15	92.95	1.40
开花时间FT (d)	47.00	79.00	57.41	6.59	57.41±6.59	11.48	1.47
开花至成熟时间TFM (d)	46.00	107.00	79.84	8.84	79.84±8.84	11.07	2.04
单产Y (kg hm^-2)	1689.15	5784.33	3548.95	691.99	3548.95±691.99	19.50	2.07	13.98	0^**
单株粒数NSP	97.36	600.01	204.30	61.20	204.30±61.20	29.95	1.77	17.57	3.14E-05^**
百粒重100SW (g)	5.37	38.57	20.74	3.97	20.74±3.97	19.15	1.84	3.64	0.06
蛋白质PC (%)	38.13	49.88	42.21	1.75	42.21±1.75	4.15	2.04	8.27	0^**
油分OC (%)	14.50	22.85	21.08	0.84	21.09±0.86	3.97	1.88	153.56	7.02E-32^**

性状 Trait	株高 PH	五节高 FKH	主茎节数 NNMS	单株荚数 NPP	分枝数 EBN	倒伏级别 L	开花时间 FT	开花至成熟时间 TFM	单产 Y	单株粒数 NSP	百粒重 100SW	蛋白质 PC	油分 OC
株高PH	1.00
五节高 FNB	-0.08	1.00
主茎节数 NNMS	0.71^**	-0.25^**	1.00
单株荚数 NPP	0.21^**	-0.33^**	0.52^**	1.00
分枝数 EBN	0.19^**	-0.33^**	0.08	0.25^**	1.00
倒伏级别 L	0.53^**	-0.26^**	0.33^**	0.14^*	0.42^**	1.00
开花时间 FT	0.24^**	-0.17^**	0.19^**	0.23^**	0.44^**	0.32^**	1.00
开花至成熟时间 TFM	0.23^**	-0.18^**	0.33^**	0.25^**	-0.03	0.01	-0.24^**	1.00
单产Y	0.10	-0.12^**	0.36^**	0.62^**	0.12^*	-0.06	0.12^*	0.30^**	1.00
单株粒数 NSP	0.22^**	-0.31^**	0.52^**	0.91^**	0.19^**	0.12^*	0.13^*	0.17^**	0.53^**	1.00
百粒重 100SW	-0.34^**	0.30^**	-0.43^**	-0.54^**	-0.09	-0.29^**	-0.13^*	-0.01	0.06	-0.64^**	1.00
蛋白质 PC	-0.05	-0.15^**	-0.15^**	-0.13^*	0.38^**	0.25^**	0.18^**	-0.18^**	-0.37^**	-0.12^*	-0.16^**	1.00
油分 OC	-0.14^**	0.23^**	-0.11^*	-0.20^**	-0.40^**	-0.34^**	-0.34^**	0.05	0.24^**	-0.20^**	0.44^**	-0.75^**	1.00

性状 Trait	类群 Group
性状 Trait	I	II	III	IV
株高PH (cm)	90.57	120.56	112.65	123.13
五节高FNB (cm)	14.11	13.97	14.29	12.46
主茎节数NNMS	17.68	20.08	20.51	22.51
单株荚数 NPP	83.68	106.90	117.54	160.28
分枝数EBN	2.62	3.74	2.18	3.71
倒伏级别 L	0.61	1.95	0.47	2.15
开花时间FT (d)	54.83	59.91	54.69	62.60
开花至成熟时间TFM (d)	75.16	79.39	84.74	76.85
单产Y (kg hm^-2)	3057.64	3559.78	3965.48	3294.23
单株粒数NSP	154.30	198.93	222.91	339.65
百粒重100SW (g)	23.15	20.95	20.72	10.28
蛋白质PC (%)	42.67	42.77	40.58	44.45
油分OC (%)	21.18	20.88	21.71	19.08

性状 Trait	主成分Principal component
性状 Trait	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄	F₅
株高 PH	-0.11	0.07	0.52	-0.04	-0.04
五节高 FNB	-0.04	0.15	0.13	-0.13	-0.42
主茎节数 NNMS	0.06	0.07	0.35	-0.09	0.03
单株荚数 NPP	0.34	0.04	-0.11	0.06	-0.01
分枝数 EBN	-0.08	-0.02	-0.07	0.48	0.15
倒伏级别 L	-0.15	-0.06	0.34	0.15	0.03
开花时间 FT	0.01	0.13	0.07	0.45	-0.34
开花至成熟时间 TFM	-0.11	-0.01	0.06	-0.11	0.70
单产 Y	0.38	-0.01	-0.09	-0.06	-0.08
单株粒数 NSP	-0.31	0.25	-0.10	0.31	0.20
百粒重 100SW	-0.05	-0.38	-0.10	0.05	0.11
蛋白质 PC	-0.07	0.37	0.03	0	-0.04
油分 OC	0.14	0.32	-0.12	0.28	0.11
特征值 CV	2.90	2.29	2.10	1.78	1.29
贡献率CR (%)	22.33	17.65	16.17	13.69	9.92
累计贡献率ACR (%)	22.33	39.98	56.15	69.84	79.76

性状 Trait	综合评价得分 D
株高 PH	0.55^**
五节高 FNB	-0.35^**
主茎节数 NNMS	0.71^**
单株荚数 NPP	0.74^**
分枝数 EBN	0.40^**
倒伏级别L	0.37^**
开花时间 FT	0.42^**
开花至成熟时间 TFM	0.36^**
单产 Y	0.75^**
单株粒数 NSP	0.65^**
百粒重 100SW	-0.25^**
蛋白质 PC	-0.32^**
油分 OC	0.04

Analysis and comprehensive evaluation of agronomic and quality traits of spring soybean varieties in northern China

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自变量 Independent variable	第1段函数 First segment function	第2段函数 Second segment function	分界点 Demarcation point
株高PH (cm)	y = 17.02x + 1867.70	y = -11.08x + 5059.60	113.50
五节高FNB (cm)	y = 19.25x + 3331.00	y = -192.49x + 6461.50	14.70
主茎节数NNMS	y = 159.77x + 498.31	y = 80.56x + 1990.40	19.45
单株荚数 NPP	y = 21.73x + 1277.60	y = 1.30x + 4007.30	132.83
分枝数EBN	y = 26.07x + 3460.10	y = 2184.90x - 9883.80	6.20
倒伏级别 L		y = -180.00x + 3911.10	0.58
开花时间FT (d)	y = 59.74x + 319.13	y = -12.95x + 4473.40	57.16
开花至成熟时间TFM (d)	y = -70.77x + 7337.60	y = 28.88x + 1230.60	61.29
单株粒数NSP	y = 11.22x + 1356.40	y = -0.19x + 4215.90	250.43
百粒重100SW (g)	y = 31.45x + 2940.50	y = -27.98x + 4261.90	22.55
蛋白质PC (%)	y = 1057.60x - 36,992.00	y = -164.18x + 10,490.00	38.87
油分OC (%)	y = 387.54x - 4191.10	y = 177.43x-186.66	19.27

自变量 Independent variable	第1段函数 First segment function	第2段函数 Second segment function	分界点 Demarcation point
株高PH (cm)	y = -0.02x + 44.42	y = 0.02x + 39.74	114.45
五节高FNB (cm)	y = -5.39x + 98.79	y = -0.14x + 44.11	10.55
主茎节数NNMS	y = -0.13x + 44.70		27.05
单株荚数 NPP	y = -0.02x + 44.06	y = 0.02x + 38.89	138.96
分枝数EBN	y = 0.66x + 40.33	y = -0.52x + 45.90	4.72
倒伏级别 L		y = 0.50x + 41.47	0.58
开花时间FT (d)	y = 0.01x + 41.34	y = 0.12x + 34.56	63.00
开花至成熟时间TFM (d)	y = 0.05x + 39.33	y = -0.05x + 46.41	68.52
单产Y (kg hm^-2)	y = -0.01x + 46.48	y = -0.01x + 43.95	3697.75
单株粒数NSP	y = -0.02x + 45.25	y = 0.01x + 40.06	227.54
百粒重100SW (g)	y = -0.32x + 47.80	y = 0.12x + 39.34	19.20
油分OC (%)	y = -1.18x + 67.54	y = -2.11x + 86.93	20.92

自变量 Independent variable	第1段函数 First segment function	第2段函数 Second segment function	分界点 Demarcation point
株高PH (cm)	y = -0.01x + 21.19	y = -0.01x + 22.38	114.45
五节高FNB (cm)	y = 0.66x + 12.93	y = 0.09x + 19.89	12.15
主茎节数NNMS	y = -0.03x + 21.75	y = -0.32x + 29.09	25.15
单株荚数NPP	y = -0.01x + 21.17	y = -0.02x + 23.90	142.65
分枝数EBN	y = -0.29x + 21.92	y = 0.40x + 18.28	5.14
倒伏级别 L		y = -0.34x + 21.60	0.94
开花时间FT (d)	y = -0.04x + 23.40	y = -0.07x + 25.57	66.00
开花至成熟时间TFM (d)	y = -0.02x + 22.21	y = 0.01x + 20.25	69.00
单株粒数NSP	y = 0.01x + 20.86	y = -0.01x + 23.01	249.63
百粒重100SW (g)	y = 0.24x + 16.66	y = -0.03x + 21.83	19.25
蛋白质PC (%)	y = -0.31x + 34.28	y = -0.87x + 59.57	45.68
单产Y (kg hm^-2)	y = 0.03x - 25.18	y = 0.01x + 20.38	1867.35

模型 Model	调整后R² After adjustment R²	F值 F-value	P值 P-value
X₉= -5224.46+12.67X₄+100.74X₁₁+164.749X₁₃+50.26X₃+4.16X₁₀	0.66	132.54	<0.00
X₁₂=79.09-1.60X₁₃-0.02X₄+0.27X₅-0.01X₁-0.02X₇	0.67	137.68	<0.00
X₁₃=35.92-0.32X₁₂+0.04X₁₁-0.02X₇-0.01X₈-0.01X₄+0.01X₉	0.72	140.59	<0.00

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