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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 324-333.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44114

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Genetic and QTL mapping analysis of oil content in peanut across multiple environments

HU Peng-Ju1(), GUO Song1,2, SONG Ya-Hui1, JIN Xin-Xin1, SU Qiao1, YANG Yong-Qing1,*(), WANG Jin1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences / Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Shijiazhuang 050035, Hebei, China
    2College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
  • Received:2024-07-17 Accepted:2024-10-25 Online:2025-02-12 Published:2024-11-11
  • Contact: E-mail: wangjinnky@163.com; E-mail: yyq287346@163.com
  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-13);Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System of Hebei Province(HBCT2024040101);Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System of Hebei Province(HBCT2024040204);Special Project of Modern Seed Industry Science and Technology Innovation in Hebei Province(21326316D);Basic Research Funds of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(2024060206)

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Abstract:

High oil content is a crucial trait for breeding high-quality peanut varieties. Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying peanut oil content across multiple environments and identifying valuable genetic loci that enhance oil content would provide a strong foundation for developing high-oil peanut cultivars. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, derived from Jihua 5 and Kaixuan01-6, was used for genetic dissection and QTL mapping of oil content across six environments. The results showed that the absolute values of skewness and kurtosis for oil content in the RIL population across the six environments were less than 1, and the broad-sense heritability was 0.799. A total of 18 QTLs were identified, with LOD scores ranging from 13.62 to 22.58, accounting for 3.18% to 14.83% of the phenotypic variation. Notably, qOC_8-1 emerged as the most stable and major QTL, with the increasing allele contributed by Jihua 6. Joint QTL analysis across multiple environments revealed 11 QTLs associated with oil content, with LOD scores ranging from 5.59 to 16.87, explaining 2.32% to 7.69% of the phenotypic variation. Among these, seven additive alleles were derived from Jihua 6, while four were from Kaixuan01-6. Additionally, nine pairs of epistatic QTLs involving 13 loci were detected, with LOD scores ranging from 8.54 to 10.90, contributing to 1.91% to 2.55% of the phenotypic variation. In conclusion, these results indicate that peanut oil content is regulated by multiple genetic loci, with interaction effects between different loci. qOC_8-1 is a particularly valuable QTL for breeding high-oil peanut cultivars. This study provides valuable insights for future precision molecular breeding efforts targeting oil content improvement.

Key words: peanut, oil content, recombinant inbred line, multiple environments, QTL

Table 1

Genetic analysis of oil content in RIL populations under multiple environments"

环境
Environment		 亲本 Parents RIL群体 RIL population 遗传力
h2b
冀花6号
Jihua 6		 开选01-6
Kaixuan01-6		 平均值
Mean		 变异率
CV (%)		 偏度
Skew		 峰度
Kurt		 最大值
Max.		 最小值
Min.
2021堤上2021_DS 48.90 46.50 49.55±2.06 3.87 -0.02 -0.54 53.63 45.11 0.799
2021农场2021_NC 54.69 52.60 55.12±1.97 3.28 -0.14 -0.51 58.95 51.07
2020堤上2020_DS 52.80 50.93 51.90±2.20 4.22 0.24 -0.43 57.56 47.20
2020农场2020_NC 55.63 54.73 54.88±1.98 3.35 0.01 -0.51 59.24 50.47
2019堤上2019_DS 49.12 46.59 48.39±2.30 3.85 0.07 -0.52 52.77 44.36
2019农场2019_NC 50.65 44.02 50.06±1.87 4.22 0.10 -0.32 55.82 45.19

Fig. 1

Differential analysis of the RIL population across multiple environments 2019_DS, 2019_NC, 2020_DS, 2020_NC, 2021_DS, and 2021_NC represent environments of year 2019 in Dishang, year 2019 in Nongchang, year 2020 in Dishang, year 2020 in Nongchang, year 2021 in Dishang and year 2021 in Nongchang, respectively. Different letters over the boxplot indicate significant difference at the 5% probability level."

Table 2

QTLs associated with the oil content trait detected in individual environments"

QTL 环境
Environment		 染色体
Chromosome		 遗传位置
Genetic
position (cM)		 标记区间
Marker interval		 LOD 表型贡献率
Phenotype variation
explained (%)		 加性效应
Add
qOC_1 2019农场2019_NC A01 99 Chr.1_17041112-Chr.1_39587773 3.73 5.23 0.56
qOC_5-1 2020堤上2020_DS A05 59 Chr.5_92369574-aChr.5_92314561 6.20 6.13 0.62
qOC_5-2 2020堤上2020_DS A05 65 Chr.5_88602874-Chr.5_87333440 13.62 14.83 -0.97
qOC_5-3 2019堤上2019_DS A05 38 Chr.5_112588877-Chr.5_103400905 3.40 5.25 0.43
qOC_6 2021堤上2021_DS A06 194 Chr.6_115036230-Chr.6_113418598 6.50 9.82 -0.62
2020堤上2020_DS A06 196 Chr.6_113418598-Chr.6_110554561 6.42 6.79 -0.72
qOC_7 2021堤上2021_DS A07 52 Chr.7_11165495-Chr.7_11024783 2.58 3.80 -0.36
qOC_8-1 2021堤上2021_DS A08 82 Chr.8_43017160-aChr.8_43769761 6.92 10.89 0.61
2021农场2021_NC A08 90 Chr.8_45318531-Chr.8_46776535 4.28 9.98 0.81
2019堤上2019_DS A08 86 Chr.8_44595184-Chr.8_44888621 6.58 10.63 0.61
qOC_8-2 2021堤上2021_DS A08 70 Chr.8_38175606-Chr.8_39187496 7.33 11.12 0.62
2020堤上2020_DS A08 72 Chr.8_39187496-Chr.8_39946631 7.05 7.11 0.69
qOC_15 2021堤上2021_DS B05 0 Chr.15_154162543-Chr.15_154040139 4.30 6.19 0.46
2020堤上2020_DS B05 5 Chr.15_153256665-Chr.15_152999090 3.22 3.18 0.45
qOC_16-1 2020农场2020_NC B06 89 Chr.16_145058362-Chr.16_143948913 2.88 7.41 -0.57
2019堤上2019_DS B06 92 Chr.16_143683426-Chr.16_143129559 8.44 14.12 -0.77
qOC_16-2 2019农场2019_NC B06 135 Chr.16_14299433-Chr.16_13661776 2.97 4.11 -0.50
qOC_18 2019农场2019_NC B08 8 Chr.18_115185289-Chr.18_19854766 5.41 8.16 0.72
qOC_19 2021堤上2021_DS B09 66 Chr.19_156823676-Chr.19_156972327 2.83 4.06 0.37

Fig. 2

QTLs associated with the oil content traits detected in individual environments"

Table 3

Additive QTL × the environment interaction effects for the oil content traits in RIL population"

QTL 染色体
Chromosome		 遗传位置
Genetic position (cM)		 标记区间
Marker interval		 LOD 表型贡献率
PVE (%)		 表型贡献率
PVE (%)		 加性效应
Add		 QTL与环境互作效应
Interaction effect between additive QTL and environment
A (%) AE (%) AE1 AE2 AE3 AE4 AE5 AE6
qOC_5-1 A05 59 Chr.5_92369574-aChr.5_92314561 7.43 3.10 0.08 3.02 0.05 −0.02 −0.25 0.59 −0.16 −0.18 0.01
qOC_5-2 A05 65 Chr.5_88602874-Chr.5_87333440 16.87 7.69 3.69 4.00 −0.31 0.26 0.03 −0.66 0.04 −0.01 0.34
qOC_6 A06 195 Chr.6_113418598-Chr.6_110554561 11.97 4.12 2.17 1.95 −0.26 −0.34 0.20 −0.34 0.26 0.07 0.15
qOC_8-1 A08 71 Chr.8_39187496-Chr.8_39946631 15.01 5.31 3.48 1.83 0.31 0.28 −0.18 0.32 −0.08 −0.26 −0.09
qOC_8-2 A08 82 Chr.8_43017160-aChr.8_43769761 8.41 2.78 1.41 1.37 0.19 0.38 −0.20 −0.05 0.08 −0.07 −0.14
qOC_8-3 A08 92 Chr.8_45318531-Chr.8_46776535 6.62 4.57 2.72 1.86 0.27 −0.10 0.47 −0.18 0.05 −0.05 −0.17
qOCm_9 A09 160 Chr.9_114373329-Chr.9_114634199 5.65 2.32 1.75 0.57 0.21 −0.08 −0.13 −0.06 0.21 −0.07 0.12
qOC_15 B05 0 Chr.15_154162543-Chr.15_154040139 8.01 3.10 1.88 1.22 0.22 0.24 −0.15 −0.26 0.04 0.20 −0.06
qOC_16-1 B06 93 Chr.16_143683426-Chr.16_143129559 8.87 3.16 0.85 2.31 −0.16 0.17 0.16 0.18 0.10 −0.03 −0.58
qOC_16-2 B06 134 Chr.16_14299433-Chr.16_13661776 6.18 3.01 0.49 2.52 −0.11 0.07 0.42 0.11 0.00 −0.39 −0.21
qOC_18 B08 8 Chr.18_115185289-Chr.18_19854766 7.13 3.45 1.60 1.85 0.21 −0.23 −0.09 −0.18 0.02 0.45 0.03

Fig. 3

Additive QTL × the environment interaction effects for oil content traits in the RIL population across six environments The QTL with black and red color mean QTL detected in multiple and both environments, respectively."

Table 4

Epistatic QTL analysis of RIL population oil content in multiple environments"

染色体
Chr.		 遗传位置
Genetic Position
(cM)		 标记区间
Marker interval		 染色体
Chr.		 遗传位置
Genetic position (cM)		 标记区间
Marker interval		 LOD值
LOD		 表型贡献率
PVE (%)		 加性效应1
Add 1		 加性效应2
Add 2		 加性互作效应
Add by Add
1 0 Chr.1_87382263-Chr.1_110960817 6 25 Chr.6_1190858-Chr.6_6246195 8.54 2.13 −0.03 −0.01 0.26
4 0 Chr.4_5980447-Chr.4_6698877 7 85 Chr.7_3548350-Chr.7_3251821 10.38 2.55 −0.08 −0.03 −0.34
2 45 Chr.2_93214445-Chr.2_93495419 7 95 Chr.7_2736399-Chr.7_2188838 8.63 1.99 0.12 −0.08 −0.30
3 45 Chr.3_132570564-Chr.3_132141869 8 60 Chr.8_31990696-Chr.8_33619353 8.99 2.21 −0.04 0.05 −0.30
9 5 Chr.9_6070868-Chr.9_10503227 9 145 Chr.9_102356800-Chr.9_109637955 10.90 2.50 0.03 0.09 −0.32
2 95 Chr.2_100757247-Chr.2_100589540 15 120 Chr.15_21457049-Chr.15_151853254 8.61 1.91 0.00 −0.14 0.28
15 25 Chr.15_148032512-Chr.15_141399285 16 105 Chr.16_136604513-Chr.16_136397773 9.22 2.47 0.10 −0.08 −0.34
7 90 Chr.7_2902588-Chr.7_2736399 17 80 Chr.17_4590413-Chr.17_10433190 8.91 2.35 −0.14 0.08 −0.30
9 145 Chr.9_102356800-Chr.9_109637955 19 15 Chr.19_14174336-Chr.19_14628592 9.73 2.53 0.07 0.02 −0.30

Fig. 4

Epistatic QTL analysis of RIL population oil content in multiple environments"

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