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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 459-469.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41019

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Yield effect and its root and soil enzyme characteristics of oat and red kidney bean strip intercropping

ZHANG Chen-Yu1(), GE Jun-Yong2, CHU Jun-Cong1, WANG Xing-Yu2, ZHAO Bao-Ping3, YANG Ya-Dong1,*(), ZANG Hua-Dong1, ZENG Zhao-Hai1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
    2Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
    3College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2024-03-10 Accepted:2024-10-25 Online:2025-02-12 Published:2024-11-12
  • Contact: E-mail: yadong_tracy@cau.edu.cn; E-mail: zengzhaohai@cau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1600702);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS07-B-5);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS07-A-6)

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Abstract:

To evaluate the yield of a bean and cereal intercropping system and its relationship with root and soil enzyme characteristics, a two-year field experiment (2021-2022) was conducted in Zhangbei county, Hebei province, China. The study examined crop yield, root characteristics, and soil enzyme activities in oat and red kidney bean strip intercropping, with oat monoculture and red kidney bean monoculture as controls. The results showed that the land equivalent ratios (LER) for oat and red kidney bean intercropping were 1.07 and 1.08, respectively, over the two years. The partial land equivalent ratios (PLER) for oat were 0.63 and 0.72. While there was no significant difference in net income between intercropping and monoculture systems, the output-to-input ratio in the intercropping system was higher than in either monoculture. At the jointing stage, oat root length, surface area, and volume in intercropping were lower than in monoculture, but these parameters were higher at the filling stage in both the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers. For intercropped red kidney bean, the dominance of root morphological parameters shifted to inferiority as the growth stage advanced. Relay intercropping had minimal effects on oat soil enzyme activities but significantly increased the activities of C, N, and ALP acquisition enzymes in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers at the flowering and filling stages of red kidney bean. Partial least squares path analysis revealed that oat yield was primarily influenced by root characteristics, while red kidney bean yield was predominantly regulated by soil enzyme activities. In conclusion, oat and red kidney bean strip intercropping enhances system productivity, provides higher economic benefits, and the yield dynamics of oat and red kidney bean are driven by different underlying mechanisms.

Key words: oat, red kidney bean, strip intercropping, yield, root system, soil enzyme activity

Fig. 1

Field planting diagram of oat and red kidney bean strip intercropping"

Table 1

Biomass, yield, and land equivalent ratio of oat and red kidney bean from 2021 to 2022"

年份
Year		 作物
Crop		 生物量
Biomass (kg hm-2)		 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)		 土地当量比
Land equivalent ratio
单作
Monoculture		 间作
Intercropping		 单作
Monoculture		 间作Intercropping 偏土地当量比LERO/LERR 间作当量比 LER
2021 燕麦Oat 11,880.0±198.7 a 7737.5±124.6 b 3570.9±168.1 a 2245.9±27.8 b 0.63±0.03 1.07±0.02
红芸豆
Red kidney bean		 6429.1±259.5 b 2352.0±129.5 a 1853.1±43.4 b 793.3±23.5 a 0.44±0.01
2022 燕麦Oat 9443.3±221.6 a 6876.9±129.7 b 3484.7±54.8 a 2523.2±14.2 b 0.72±0.01 1.08±0.01
红芸豆
Red kidney bean		 5129.2±224.5 b 1930.2±52.0 a 2121.5±23.7 b 735.0±22.7 a 0.35±0.01

Table 2

Economic efficiency performances of different cropping systems from 2021 to 2022"

年份
Year		 种植模式
Cropping system		 总投入
Total input
(yuan hm-2)		 总收入
Total income
(yuan hm-2)		 净收入
Net income
(yuan hm-2)		 产投比
Output/Input
2021 燕麦单作Monoculture oat 2575.0 12,374.5±495.2 b 9799.5±495.2 a 3.81±0.19 b
红芸豆单作Monoculture red kidney bean 3925.0 14,824.7±347.2 a 10,899.7±347.2 a 3.78±0.09 b
间作Intercropping 3250.0 14,182.6±206.8 a 10,932.6±206.8 a 4.36±0.06 a
2022 燕麦单作Monoculture oat 2575.0 11,645.7±190.1 c 9070.7±190.1 c 3.52±0.07 b
红芸豆单作Monoculture red kidney bean 3925.0 16,971.7±190.0 a 13,046.7±190.0 a 4.32±0.05 a
间作Intercropping 3250.0 14,319.7±226.0 b 11,069.7±226.0 b 4.41±0.07 a

Fig. 2

Root length (A and B), root surface area (C and D), and root volume (E and F) of oat and red kidney bean at different growth stages from 2021 to 2022 Values are means ± standard errors (n = 4). Jointing stage: oat jointing stage (corresponding to red kidney bean flowering stage); Filling stage: oat filling stage (corresponding to red kidney bean filling stage); MO: monoculture oat; IO: intercropped oat; MR: monoculture red kidney bean; IR: intercropped red kidney bean. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between relay intercropping and monoculture in the same soil layer (P < 0.05)."

Fig. 3

Soil C (A and B), N (C and D), and ALP (E and F) acquisition enzyme activities in soils of oat and red kidney bean at different growth stages Values are means ± standard errors (n = 4). Abbreviations and treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between relay intercropping and monoculture in the same soil layer (P < 0.05)."

Fig. 4

Partial least squares path model of root system and soil enzyme activities that influence the production of oat (A) and red kidney bean (B) The solid and dotted arrows represent positive and negative correlations, respectively. The detailed indicators were marked in gray bottom colour. The numbers on the arrows are standardized path coefficients (r), and the asterisks indicate the strength of the relationship (*: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01)."

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