有机肥替代化肥对绿洲灌区甜玉米产量、品质及氮素利用的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43062

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the challenges of excessive chemical nitrogen fertilizer application and low nitrogen use efficiency in northwestern irrigated regions, this study investigated the effects of partially substituting chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic manure on the yield, quality, and nitrogen utilization of sweet maize. The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for achieving high yield and quality production of sweet maize in oasis irrigation areas. A field experiment was conducted at the Wuwei Oasis Agricultural Experimental Station from 2023 to 2024, involving five fertilization treatments: traditional fertilization (CK), and organic manure replacing 10% (M1), 20% (M2), 30% (M3), and 40% (M4) of chemical nitrogen fertilizer. The treatments were evaluated for their effects on sweet maize yield, quality, nitrogen accumulation, distribution, and use efficiency. Compared to CK, the M2 treatment increased fresh ear and fresh grain yields by 4.51% and 6.31%, respectively. It also improved the number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight by 2.65% and 7.01%. Grain quality was enhanced, with protein, starch, soluble sugar, and vitamin C contents increasing by 14.18%, 8.67%, 8.83%, and 19.75%, respectively. Additionally, M2 reduced acid detergent fiber content in stems while increasing crude protein, crude fat, and relative feed value. Root growth was promoted under M2, leading to increased shoot nitrogen accumulation at both flowering and maturity stages, and ensuring a favorable nitrogen distribution ratio to the grain. Furthermore, M2 significantly improved nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen uptake efficiency for both fresh ear and fresh grain, with increases of 4.64%, 6.41%, and 20.05%, respectively, compared to CK. Correlation analysis revealed that fresh ear and grain yields were significantly positively correlated with root biomass, plant nitrogen accumulation, and nitrogen use efficiency. Grain protein and stem crude protein contents were also positively correlated with nitrogen partial productivity, nitrogen uptake efficiency, and nitrogen harvest index. A random forest model identified fresh ear nitrogen partial productivity, 1000-grain weight, root biomass, nitrogen harvest index, and grain number per ear as key determinants of sweet maize yield. In conclusion, replacing 20% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic manure effectively enhances root growth, promotes nitrogen accumulation, allocation, and efficient utilization, and ultimately achieves coordinated improvement in both yield and quality. This approach represents a viable integrated organic–inorganic fertilization strategy for high-yield, high-quality sweet maize production in oasis irrigation systems.

Key words: sweet maize, organic manure substitution for chemical fertilizer, yield, quality, nitrogen utilization

HUO Jian-Zhe, YU Ai-Zhong, WANG Yu-Long, WANG Peng-Fei, YIN Bo, LIU Ya-Long, ZHANG Dong-Ling, JIANG Ke-Qiang, PANG Xiao-Neng, WANG Feng. Effect of organic manure substitution for chemical fertilizer on yield, quality, and nitrogen utilization of sweet maize in oasis irrigation areas[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(7): 1887-1900.

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Effect of organic manure substitution for chemical fertilizer on yield, quality, and nitrogen utilization of sweet maize in oasis irrigation areas

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