增密减氮对棉花干物质和氮素积累分配及产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.94074

Abstract

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted using Liaomian 6 with the treatments of three plant densities (5.25×10 ⁴, 6.75×10 ⁴, and 8.25×10 ⁴ plants hm ^-2), and five nitrogen rates (0, 105, 210, 315, and 420 kg hm ^-2) in 2016 and 2017. Compared with D_5.25, D_6.75, and D_8.25 dry matter accumulation of cotton significantly increased by 17.6% and 28.7% in 2016, 12.6% and 20.9% in 2017, respectively. Compared with N₀, N₁₀₅, N₂₁₀, N₃₁₅, and N₄₂₀increased dry matter accumulation by 4.5%, 11.1%, 13.7%, 16.3% in 2016 and 3.6%, 13.5%, 15.3%, 19.8% in 2017, respectively. The dynamic curve of cotton dry matter and nitrogen absorption accumulation conformed to the Logistic model, and the maximal nitrogen accumulation (Y_m) was obtained under D_8.25N₄₂₀treatment in 2016 and 2017. Compared to the average, the maximal biomass, duration of rapid accumulation (T), the maximal speed of accumulation (V_m) increased by 17.3% and 23.8%, 5.20% and 9.9%, 11.45% and 13.8%, respectively in two years. The starting date of rapid accumulation period (t₁) was 4.1 d and 6.4 d earlier for nitrogen than for dry matter, indicating that the nutrient absorption of cotton was the premise of dry matter accumulation. The lint yield of D_5.25N₃₁₅, D_6.75N₂₁₀ and D_6.75N₁₀₅in 2016 as well as D_5.25N₃₁₅ and D_6.75N₂₁₀ in 2017 was significantly higher than that of other treatments. The interaction effect of planting density and nitrogen application amount significantly affected cotton yield. Increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen application amount can obtain high yield. It is recommended for this region that the cotton planting density should be increased from 5.25×10 ⁴ to 6.75×10 ⁴ plants hm ^-2, and the amount of nitrogen application decreased from 300 kg hm ^-2 to 105 kg hm ^-2in the first year, and then to 210 kg hm ^-2 in the next year.

Key words: cotton, plant density, nitrogen rate, dry matter, yield

Shi-Hong WANG,Zhong-Xu YANG,Jia-Liang SHI,Hai-Tao LI,Xian-Liang SONG,Xue-Zhen SUN. Effects of increasing planting density and decreasing nitrogen rate on dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and distribution, and yield of cotton[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(3): 395-407.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Table 1

Eigen values of cotton dry matter accumulation dynamics under different nitrogen fertilizer rate and planting density treatments"

处理 Treatment	2016							2017
	Y_m (kg hm^-2)		t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	t_m (d)	V_m (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	T (d)	Y_m (kg hm^-2)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	t_m (d)	V_m (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	T
	Y_m (kg hm^-2)		t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	t_m (d)	V_m (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	T (d)	Y_m (kg hm^-2)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	t_m (d)	V_m (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	(d)
种植密度Plant density (×10⁴ plants hm^-2)
D_5.25		11363.4	72.1	110.1	91.1	197.3	38.0	11390.2	67.5	108.1	87.8	184.3	40.6
D_6.75		14377.1	73.8	116.7	95.3	221.5	42.8	12545.3	66.2	106.7	86.5	203.7	40.6
D_8.25		15902.2	72.0	118.7	95.4	225.6	46.7	13935.1	66.1	111.9	89.0	200.5	45.8
施氮量N rate (kg hm^-2)
N₀		12925.3	73.7	117.0	95.4	195.1	43.3	10891.9	64.6	106.3	85.5	172.0	41.7
N₁₀₅		13469.8	72.8	116.2	94.5	205.7	43.3	11955.7	65.9	108.2	87.1	186.0	42.3
N₂₁₀		14235.7	72.8	115.0	94.0	221.2	42.2	12996.6	66.8	109.3	88.0	201.2	42.5
N₃₁₅		14595.4	72.2	114.7	93.4	225.2	42.5	13117.0	66.9	108.4	87.7	207.9	41.5
N₄₂₀		14178.2	71.6	112.7	92.2	226.7	41.1	14156.4	68.7	112.2	90.4	213.7	43.6
种植密度×施氮量Plant density×N rate
D_5.25×N₀		10330.1	72.5	110.7	91.6	178.5	38.1	10044.1	66.2	104.7	85.5	171.8	38.5
D_5.25×N₁₀₅		10976.7	72.2	110.5	91.4	189.5	38.2	10370.4	66.0	105.5	85.7	172.6	39.5
D_5.25×N₂₁₀		11632.4	72.4	109.7	91.0	205.5	37.3	11781.5	67.7	109.0	88.3	187.5	41.3
D_5.25×N₃₁₅		12084.2	71.5	110.2	90.8	206.3	38.6	11908.0	67.9	108.8	88.4	191.4	40.9
D_5.25×N₄₂₀		11793.4	71.7	109.4	90.5	206.7	37.7	12847.2	69.7	112.3	91.0	198.1	42.6
D_6.75×N₀		13856.2	75.3	120.2	97.8	202.5	44.9	10773.0	64.0	104.7	84.4	174.7	40.7
D_6.75×N₁₀₅		14109.2	74.3	119.1	96.7	207.4	44.8	11976.6	66.2	106.1	86.2	197.7	39.9
D_6.75×N₂₁₀		14215.0	73.1	115.2	94.2	222.7	42.1	12568.9	65.6	105.1	85.4	209.5	39.5
D_6.75×N₃₁₅		15082.1	73.3	115.3	94.3	236.4	42.0	13201.8	66.8	106.9	86.9	217.0	40.1
D_6.75×N₄₂₀		14623.0	73.0	113.5	93.3	238.4	40.4	14206.0	68.1	110.7	89.4	219.4	42.6
D_8.25×N₀		14589.7	73.3	120.2	96.8	204.4	47.0	11858.7	63.7	109.6	86.7	169.6	46.0
D_8.25×N₁₀₅		15323.4	72.0	118.9	95.4	220.2	46.9	13520.2	65.6	112.9	89.3	187.7	47.4
D_8.25×N₂₁₀		16859.7	73.0	120.3	96.7	235.4	47.3	14639.3	67.1	113.7	90.4	206.5	46.7
D_8.25×N₃₁₅		16619.8	71.7	118.6	95.2	233.0	47.0	14241.1	66.0	109.6	87.8	215.3	43.6
D_8.25×N₄₂₀		16118.3	70.1	115.2	92.7	235.1	45.1	15416.1	68.2	113.7	90.9	223.6	45.5
平均Average		13880.9	72.6	115.1	93.9	214.8	42.5	12623.5	66.6	108.9	87.8	196.2	42.3

Table 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Eigen values of cotton nitrogen accumulation dynamics under different nitrogen fertilizer rate and planting density treatments"

处理 Treatment	2016							2017
	Y_m (kg hm^-2)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	t_m (d)	V_m (kg hm^-2d^-1)	T (d)		Y_m (kg hm^-2)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	t_m (d)	V_m (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	T (d)
	Y_m (kg hm^-2)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	t_m (d)	V_m (kg hm^-2d^-1)	T (d)	种植密度Plant density (×10⁴ plants·hm^-2)
D_5.25	245.7	71.7	119.5	95.6	3.4	47.8		Y_m (kg hm^-2)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	t_m (d)	V_m (kg hm^-2 d^-1)	T (d)	223.4	62.3	105.5	83.9	3.4	43.2
D_6.75	256.9	69.0	116.5	92.8	3.6	47.5		237.2	60.1	101.7	80.9	3.8	41.6
D_8.25	260.0	64.7	113.7	89.2	3.5	49.0		235.7	58.1	99.8	79.0	3.7	41.7
施氮量N rate (kg hm^-2)
N₀	193.3	65.1	108.1	86.6	3.0	42.9		174.3	56.2	92.1	74.1	3.2	35.9
N₁₀₅	245.6	69.2	118.9	94.1	3.3	49.7		218.5	59.2	102.5	80.9	3.3	43.2
N₂₁₀	271.0	69.5	121.1	95.3	3.5	51.6		246.7	60.9	104.8	82.8	3.7	43.8
N₃₁₅	281.1	69.4	117.6	93.5	3.9	48.2		255.1	61.7	104.2	82.9	4.0	42.5
N₄₂₀	280.1	69.0	117.1	93.1	3.9	48.1		265.9	62.8	108.1	85.5	3.9	45.4
种植密度×施氮量Plant density×N rate
D_5.25×N₀	192.2	69.4	112.4	90.9	3.0	43.0		171.7	58.8	95.2	77.0	3.1	36.4
D_5.25×N₁₀₅	231.4	72.1	118.3	95.2	3.3	46.2		214.3	61.6	106.7	84.2	3.1	45.1
D_5.25×N₂₁₀	258.0	72.0	122.3	97.2	3.4	50.3		239.8	63.0	107.2	85.1	3.6	44.2
D_5.25×N₃₁₅	274.8	72.4	122.6	97.5	3.6	50.2		250.6	64.2	110.3	87.2	3.6	46.1
D_5.25×N₄₂₀	271.9	72.4	121.8	97.1	3.6	49.4		240.6	63.9	108.1	86.0	3.6	44.2
D_6.75×N₀	196.5	64.7	109.2	87.0	2.9	44.5		177.5	56.0	92.3	74.2	3.2	36.4
D_6.75×N₁₀₅	254.7	70.3	121.5	95.9	3.3	51.2		223.0	59.5	101.6	80.6	3.5	42.0
D_6.75×N₂₁₀	279.1	70.9	122.7	96.8	3.6	51.8		258.2	61.2	104.9	83.1	3.9	43.7
D_6.75×N₃₁₅	284.0	70.1	115.8	92.9	4.1	45.7		257.5	61.6	101.9	81.7	4.2	40.3
D_6.75×N₄₂₀	270.2	69.1	113.4	91.3	4.0	44.3		269.8	62.0	107.7	84.8	3.9	45.6
D_8.25×N₀	191.1	61.3	102.6	81.9	3.1	41.3		173.6	53.7	88.8	71.3	3.3	35.1
D_8.25×N₁₀₅	250.6	65.3	116.9	91.1	3.3	51.6		218.3	56.6	99.1	77.8	3.4	42.5
D_8.25×N₂₁₀	275.9	65.5	118.2	91.9	3.5	52.7		242.2	58.5	102.1	80.3	3.7	43.6
D_8.25×N₃₁₅	284.3	65.7	114.5	90.1	3.9	48.8		257.1	59.3	100.3	79.8	4.1	41.0
D_8.25×N₄₂₀	298.1	65.6	116.2	90.9	3.9	50.6		287.4	62.4	108.7	85.6	4.1	46.4
平均Average	254.2	68.5	116.6	92.5	3.5	48.1		232.1	60.2	102.3	81.2	3.6	42.2

Table 2

Fig. 3

Table 3

Effects of nitrogen application and planting density on dry matter distribution of cotton (kg hm-2)"

处理 Treatment	2016		2017
处理 Treatment	营养器官分配量 DVO	生殖器官分配量 DRO	营养器官分配量 DVO	生殖器官分配量 DRO
种植密度Plant density (×10⁴ plant hm^-2)
D_5.25	5008.6 c (44.6)	6184.5 c (55.4)	4842.2 c (43.3)	6317.8 c (56.7)
D_6.75	6259.7 b (47.5)	6902.1 b (52.5)	5713.9 b (45.4)	6847.5 b (54.6)
D_8.25	7114.0 a (49.3)	7286.1 a (50.7)	6406.1 a (47.4)	7082.7 a (52.6)
施氮量N rate (kg hm^-2)
N₀	5365.9 d (45.2)	6473.0 b (54.8)	4910.9 d (43.6)	6319.7 b (56.4)
N₁₀₅	5788.7 c (46.5)	6581.1 b (53.5)	5155.9 c (44.1)	6483.0 b (55.9)
N₂₁₀	6205.8 b (46.8)	6944.8 a (53.2)	5855.4 b (45.8)	6892.7 a (54.2)
N₃₁₅	6462.8 b (47.7)	7002.0 a (52.3)	5987.6 b (46.1)	6956.9 a (53.9)
N₄₂₀	6813.9 a (49.4)	6953.6 a (50.6)	6360.7 a (47.2)	7094.4 a (52.8)
种植密度×施氮量Plant density × N rate
D_5.25×N₀	4725.7 g (43.4)	6155.9 d (56.6)	4326.7 f (41.3)	6142.7 d (58.7)
D_5.25×N₁₀₅	4633.6 g (42.8)	6176.8 d (57.2)	4297.0 f (41.2)	6139.7 d (58.8)
D_5.25×N₂₁₀	4742.6 g (43.2)	6234.7 d (56.8)	5005.7 e (44.0)	6381.0 d (56.0)
D_5.25×N₃₁₅	5126.6 fg (45.3)	6160.1 d (54.7)	5048.0 e (44.1)	6406.7 d (55.9)
D_5.25×N₄₂₀	5814.8 e (48.5)	6195.2 d (51.5)	5534.0 cd (45.9)	6519.0 cd (54.1)
D_6.75×N₀	5455.1 ef (45.2)	6606.5 c (54.8)	4876.7 e (43.8)	6263.7 d (56.2)
D_6.75×N₁₀₅	5832.6 e (47.3)	6497.9 cd (52.7)	5202.0 de (44.6)	6459.0 cd (55.4)
D_6.75×N₂₁₀	6432.6 cd (47.5)	7091.3 b (52.5)	5908.0 bc (45.7)	7032.7 ab (54.3)
D_6.75×N₃₁₅	6753.8 c (48.1)	7289.7 ab (51.9)	5990.0 b (45.6)	7133.0 ab (54.4)
D_6.75×N₄₂₀	6824.5 c (49.3)	7025.2 b (50.7)	6593.0 a (47.3)	7349.3 a (52.7)
D_8.25×N₀	5917.1 de (47.1)	6656.7 c (52.9)	5529.3 cd (45.8)	6552.7 cd (54.2)
D_8.25×N₁₀₅	6900.1 bc (49.4)	7068.7 b (50.6)	5968.7 b (46.6)	6850.3 bc (53.4)
D_8.25×N₂₁₀	7442.1 ab (49.8)	7508.3 a (50.2)	6652.7 a (47.8)	7264.3 ab (52.2)
D_8.25×N₃₁₅	7508.0 a (49.8)	7556.3 a (50.2)	6924.7 a (48.6)	7331.0 a (51.4)
D_8.25×N₄₂₀	7802.5 a (50.5)	7640.4 a (49.5)	6955.0 a (48.4)	7415.0 a (51.6)
变异来源 Source of variation
种植密度Density (D)	**	**	**	**
施氮量Nitrogen (N)	**	**	**	**
种植密度×施氮量 D×N	ns	**	ns	ns

Table 3

Table 4

Effects of nitrogen application and planting density on nitrogen distribution in cotton (kg hm-2)"

处理 Treatment	2016		2017
处理 Treatment	营养器官分配量 DVO	生殖器官分配量 DRO	营养器官分配量 DVO	生殖器官分配量 DRO
种植密度Plant density (×10⁴ plants hm^-2)
D_5.25	96.8 b (44.1)	122.4 b (55.9)	93.0 c (43.7)	119.7 c (56.3)
D_6.75	105.4 a (45.2)	127.6 a (54.8)	100.8 b (44.0)	127.9 a (56.0)
D_8.25	107.3 a (45.4)	129.1 a (54.6)	104.2 a (45.7)	123.0 b (54.3)
施氮量N rate (kg hm^-2)
N₀	81.7 c (44.6)	101.6 c (55.4)	75.0 e (43.6)	97.1 d (56.4)
N₁₀₅	99.3 b (45.3)	119.7 b (54.7)	92.1 d (43.8)	118.3 c (56.2)
N₂₁₀	103.3 b (43.3)	135.0 a (56.7)	105.6 c (44.7)	130.6 b (55.3)
N₃₁₅	114.2 a (45.0)	139.2 a (55.0)	109.9 b (44.9)	134.9 a (55.1)
N₄₂₀	117.4 a (46.2)	136.2 a (53.8)	114.0 a (45.4)	136.7 a (54.6)
种植密度×施氮量Plant density×N rate
D_5.25×N₀	79.2 g (44.0)	100.8 f (56.0)	73.5 i (43.5)	95.6 h (56.5)
D_5.25×N₁₀₅	95.6 f (45.7)	113.4 e (54.3)	88.1 h (43.4)	115.2 g (56.6)
D_5.25×N₂₁₀	94.0 f (41.6)	131.9 bc (58.4)	99.4 fg (43.6)	128.5 cd (56.4)
D_5.25×N₃₁₅	108.0 cde (44.8)	132.9 bc (55.2)	102.3 def (43.5)	132.6 bc (56.5)
D_5.25×N₄₂₀	107.0 cde (44.6)	132.8 bc (55.4)	101.6 ef (44.5)	126.5 cde (55.5)
D_6.75×N₀	82.4 g (44.4)	103.2 f (55.6)	76.2 i (43.5)	98.9 h (56.5)
D_6.75×N₁₀₅	103.4 def (46.1)	121.0 de (53.9)	94.4 gh (43.7)	121.4 efg (56.3)
D_6.75×N₂₁₀	106.6 cde (43.7)	137.2 ab (56.3)	108.3 cde (43.8)	138.8 ab (56.2)
D_6.75×N₃₁₅	118.7 b (45.6)	141.4 ab (54.4)	110.9 bc (44.4)	138.9 ab (55.6)
D_6.75×N₄₂₀	116.1 bc (46.2)	135.0 ab (53.8)	114.0 bc (44.6)	141.4 a (55.4)
D_8.25×N₀	83.6 g (45.4)	100.8 f (54.6)	75.3 i (43.8)	96.8 h (56.2)
D_8.25×N₁₀₅	98.9 ef (44.2)	124.9 cd (55.8)	93.8 gh (44.2)	118.4 fg (55.8)
D_8.25×N₂₁₀	109.2 bcd (44.6)	136.0 ab (55.4)	109.0 cd (46.6)	124.6 def (53.4)
D_8.25×N₃₁₅	115.8 bc (44.7)	143.1 a (55.3)	116.5 b (46.7)	133.3 bc (53.3)
D_8.25×N₄₂₀	129.1 a (47.9)	140.7 ab (52.1)	126.4 a (47.1)	142.1 a (52.9)
变异来源 Source of variation
种植密度Density (D)	**	*	**	**
施氮量Nitrogen (N)	**	**	**	**
种植密度×施氮量 D×N	ns	ns	**	**

Table 4

Table 5

Effects of increased planting density with reduced nitrogen fertilizer application on cotton yield and yield components"

密度 Plant density (×10⁴ plants hm^-2)		施氮量 N rate (kg hm^-2)		铃数 Boll density (×10⁴ bolls hm^-2)		铃重 Boll weight (g boll^-1)		衣分 Lint percentage (%)		籽棉实产 Seed cotton yield (kg hm^-2)		皮棉实产 Lint yield (kg hm^-2)
2016
D_5.25		N₀		64.6 d		5.3 cd		41.9 a		3283.7 e		1375.1 e
		N₁₀₅		71.8 c		5.6 b		41.7 a		3584.3 d		1493.1 d
		N₂₁₀		72.4 c		5.8 a		41.6 a		3998.0 bc		1662.2 bc
		N₃₁₅		71.7 c		6.0 a		41.8 a		4234.3 a		1769.7 a
		N₄₂₀		71.6 c		5.4 bc		41.7 a		3964.7 c		1653.9 bc
D_6.75		N₀		66.9 d		5.6 b		41.5 a		3425.0 e		1421.1 e
		N₁₀₅		76.3 b		5.6 b		41.5 a		4126.0 ab		1713.0 ab
		N₂₁₀		78.0 b		5.9 a		41.5 a		4208.3 a		1745.3 a
		N₃₁₅		76.5 b		5.6 b		41.7 a		3898.0 c		1626.6 c
D_6.75	N₄₂₀		76.5 b		5.6 b		41.4 a		3714.7 d		1538.5 d
D_8.25	N₀		72.5 c		5.2 d		41.8 a		3373.0 e		1409.3 e
	N₁₀₅		82.0 a		5.2 d		41.5 a		3591.7 d		1490.3 d
	N₂₁₀		84.7 a		5.3 cd		41.7 a		3659.3 d		1526.8 d
	N₃₁₅		84.2 a		5.6 b		41.8 a		3581.3 d		1497.7 d
	N₄₂₀		83.3 a		5.3 cd		41.8 a		3609.3 d		1506.9 d
2017
D_5.25	N₀		69.0 f		5.4 c		41.2 a		3391.3 e		1396.3 e
	N₁₀₅		76.0 d		5.7 ab		41.0 a		3859.3 d		1583.7 d
	N₂₁₀		75.8 d		5.7 ab		41.0 a		4157.7 b		1704.7 b
	N₃₁₅		76.7 d		5.8 a		41.1 a		4429.3 a		1818.3 a
	N₄₂₀		76.3 d		5.6 ab		41.5 a		4096.3 b		1699.0 b
D_6.75	N₀		69.9 f		5.5 c		41.3 a		3471.0 e		1433.0 e
	N₁₀₅		80.2 c		5.7 ab		41.4 a		4117.7 b		1705.7 b
	N₂₁₀		81.5 c		5.8 a		41.4 a		4415.7 a		1826.3 a
	N₃₁₅		80.9 c		5.6 b		41.2 a		4017.0 bc		1653.3 bc
	N₄₂₀		81.8 c		5.7 ab		41.2 a		3896.0 cd		1605.7 cd
D_8.25	N₀		73.3 e		5.3 c		41.0 a		3519.3 e		1444.3 e
	N₁₀₅		85.3 ab		5.4 c		41.5 a		3770.7 d		1564.0 d
	N₂₁₀		85.9 ab		5.4 c		41.2 a		3898.3 cd		1607.7 cd
	N₃₁₅		87.6 a		5.4 c		41.1 a		3901.0 cd		1605.0 cd
	N₄₂₀		85.1 b		5.4 c		41.4 a		3778.3 d		1564.3 d
变异来源 Source of variation
年份Year			**		ns		ns		**		**
种植密度Density (D)			**		**		ns		**		**
施氮量Nitrogen (N)			**		**		ns		**		**
种植密度×施氮量 D×N			**		**		ns		**		**

Table 5

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