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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 586-595.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.91038

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of planting density on lodging resistance and straw forage characteristics in two hulless barley varieties

ZHAO Xiao-Hong1,BAI Yi-Xiong1,2,3,*(),WANG Kai1,YAO You-Hua1,2,YAO Xiao-Hua1,2,WU Kun-Lun1,2,*()   

  1. 1 Agriculture and Forestry Academy, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
    2 222Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding / Hulless Barley Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
    3 College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
  • Received:2019-05-20 Accepted:2019-09-26 Online:2020-04-12 Published:2019-10-14
  • Contact: Yi-Xiong BAI,Kun-Lun WU E-mail:yixiongbai@163.com;wklqaaf@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Qinghai Provincial Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Innovation Fund Key Research and Development Project(2019-NKY-01);the China Agriculture Research System (Barley and Hulless Barley)(CAS-05);the Qinghai University Young and Middle-aged Research Fund Project(2017-QNY-2)

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Abstract:

Planting density is an important factor affecting the lodging resistance and straw feeding characteristics of hulless barley. Two varieties the lodging-resistant variety Kunlun 14 and the lodging variety Menyuanlianglan, were used to study the effects of planting density on the growth and development, lodging characteristics and straw feeding characteristics. The effects of planting density on two varieties were not entirely consistent. With the increase of planting density, the traits of root and stem increased firstly and decreased then in Kunlun 14, whereas gradually decreased in Menyuanlianglan; and the relative lodging-resistance indexes of Kunlun 14 were increased firstly and decreased then, without lodging occurred, while these in Menyuanlianglan were significantly declined, resulted in lodging in early stage, lodging rate and degree increased; the chemical constituents neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the stem of Kunlun 14 increased firstly and decreased then with the increase of planting density, whereas these of Menyuanlianglan showed a downward trend, with the increased relative feeding value. Based on lodging resistance and straw forage characteristics of two varieties, we concluded that the suitable density of Kunlun 14 should be 3.75×10 6 plants hm -2, and that of Menyuanlianglan for grain and forage should be 3.00×10 6 to 3.75×10 6 plants hm -2.

Key words: hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.), planting density, growth and development, lodging resistance, forage characteristics

Table 1

Effect of planting density on stem and root characteristics"

品种
Variety		 处理Treatment 株高
Plant height (cm)		 茎粗 Internode external diameter (mm) 壁厚 Internode wall thickness (mm) 根长
Root length (mm)		 体积
Root volume (cm3)		 根干重
Root dry weight (g)		 根数
Root number
基部第2节
2nd node from the base		 基部第3节
3rd node from the base		 基部第4节
4th node from the base		 基部第2节
2nd node from the base		 基部第3节
3rd node from the base		 基部第4节
4th node from the base
2017
昆仑14号
Kunlun 14		 T1 108.78 b 4.29 a 3.84 a 3.99 a 0.48 a 0.47 a 0.39 a 71.75 e 0.16 a 0.32 bc 23.80 d
T2 112.07 a 3.78 ab 3.60 ab 3.78 ab 0.41 ab 0.42 ab 0.31 b 76.08 c 0.17 a 0.33 bc 26.18 c
T3 112.31 a 3.47 b 3.44 ab 3.68 b 0.38 ab 0.40 ab 0.31 b 105.74 a 0.18 a 0.47 a 27.67 b
T4 112.93 a 3.43 b 3.37 ab 3.59 b 0.37 ab 0.38 b 0.28 b 84.52 b 0.17 a 0.39 ab 29.16 a
T5 112.47 a 2.70 c 3.14 b 3.53 b 0.36 b 0.37 b 0.27 b 73.98 d 0.14 a 0.26 c 27.67 b
门源亮蓝
Menyuanlianglan		 T1 114.42 a 3.30 a 2.99 a 2.88 a 0.29 a 0.29 a 0.22 a 98.10 a 0.18 a 0.28 a 26.01 a
T2 112.64 a 2.98 ab 2.72 ab 2.62 ab 0.28 ab 0.29 a 0.22 a 88.82 b 0.17 a 0.19 b 18.06 b
T3 111.51 a 2.83 b 2.57 b 2.57 abc 0.26 ab 0.28 a 0.20 a 62.22 c 0.14 ab 0.12 c 16.53 c
T4 113.61 a 2.79 b 2.52 b 2.42 bc 0.22 ab 0.22 ab 0.18 a 47.08 d 0.10 b 0.11 c 15.00 d
T5 111.84 a 2.38 c 2.52 b 2.32 c 0.20 b 0.20 b 0.18 a 44.70 e 0.08 b 0.08 d 14.38 d
2018
昆仑14号
Kunlun 14		 T1 118.97 b 3.9.0 a 3.50 a 3.50 a 0.41 a 0.40 a 0.32 a 67.69 d 0.16 a 0.25 bc 20.00 b
T2 122.57 a 3.43 b 3.21 ab 3.32 a 0.35 b 0.35 ab 0.26 b 71.77 c 0.15 ab 0.26 bc 22.00 ab
T3 122.83 a 3.15 b 3.07 bc 3.23 a 0.33 b 0.33 ab 0.25 b 99.75 a 0.13 ab 0.37 a 24.75 a
T4 121.30 a 3.12 b 3.01 bc 3.15 a 0.32 b 0.32 b 0.23 b 79.74 b 0.12 bc 0.31 ab 24.50 a
T5 120.68 ab 2.45 c 2.80 c 3.10 a 0.31 b 0.31 b 0.23 b 69.78 cd 0.101 c 0.21 c 23.25 a
门源亮蓝
Menyuanlianglan		 T1 122.87 a 3.03 a 2.67 a 2.69 a 0.21 a 0.21 a 0.16 a 71.72 a 0.12 a 0.18 a 21.25 a
T2 120.96 b 2.74 a 2.45 a 2.45 a 0.20 a 0.20 a 0.16 a 64.94 b 0.10 ab 0.12 b 14.75 b
T3 119.75 b 2.60 a 2.32 a 2.40 a 0.19 a 0.20 a 0.14 a 45.49 c 0.07 bc 0.08 c 13.50 bc
T4 122.00 a 2.56 a 2.27 a 2.26 a 0.16 ab 0.16 a 0.13 a 34.42 d 0.06 c 0.07 cd 12.25 c
T5 120.10 b 2.18 b 2.21 a 2.17 a 0.14 b 0.14 a 0.13 a 32.68 e 0.04 c 0.05 d 11.75 c

Fig. 1

Effect of planting density on grain yield T1: 1.50 ×106 plants hm-2; T2: 2.25×106 plants hm-2; T3: 3.00×106 plants hm-2; T4: 3.75×106 plants hm-2; T5: 4.50 ×106 plants hm-2."

Table 2

Effect of planting density on lodging characteristics"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 茎长 Stem length (cm) 茎重 Stem weight (g) 茎秆强度 Stem strength 穗重
Panicle weight (g)
基部第2节
2nd node from the base		 基部第3节
3rd node from the base		 基部第4节
4th node from the base		 基部第2节
2nd node from the base		 基部第3节
3rd node from the base		 基部第4节
4th node from the base		 基部第2节
2nd node from the base		 基部第3节
3rd node from the base		 基部第4节
4th node from the base
2017
昆仑14号
Kunlun 14		 T1 10.56 b 13.36 a 22.84 a 0.28 b 0.24 b 0.27 b 10.60 ab 6.57 a 6.28 a 3.26 ab
T2 10.76 b 13.95 a 20.05 a 0.29 b 0.27 b 0.28 b 14.54 ab 7.15 a 6.38 a 3.19 ab
T3 13.07 a 16.30 a 23.31 a 0.35 a 0.40 a 0.36 a 19.34 a 9.11 a 7.10 a 3.47 a
T4 12.50 a 15.00 a 21.36 a 0.25 b 0.23 bc 0.24 b 9.92 b 5.99 a 5.98 a 3.06 b
T5 11.84 ab 14.23 a 20.75 a 0.24 b 0.22 c 0.23 b 9.54 b 4.15 b 5.61 a 3.50 a
门源亮蓝Menyuanlianglan T1 13.65 c 14.99 b 17.94 c 0.14 ab 0.16 ab 0.16 b 4.07 b 1.85 b 1.61 b 0.92 b
T2 13.10 c 14.90 b 17.00 c 0.15 a 0.16 a 0.19 a 4.63 a 2.35 a 2.07 a 1.89 a
T3 14.36 bc 16.06 b 18.49 bc 0.13 b 0.15 abc 0.15 b 2.97 c 1.56 c 1.54 b 0.92 b
T4 16.22 ab 16.27 ac 20.13 ab 0.11 c 0.13 bc 0.14 b 2.10 d 1.48 c 1.33 c 0.66 c
T5 16.96 a 18.51 a 20.55 a 0.10 c 0.12 c 0.14 b 1.77 d 1.413 c 1.30 c 0.62 c
2018
昆仑14号
Kunlun 14		 T1 11.25 d 14.15 d 21.67 c 0.28 a 0.34 a 0.28 a 7.31 c 4.45 b 4.76 a 6.08 a
T2 13.3 b 15.00 cd 22.28 bc 0.23 ab 0.21 b 0.22 a 10.03 b 4.84 b 4.01 cd 6.13 a
T3 13.9 a 17.53 a 25.90 a 0.22 b 0.19 b 0.21 a 13.34 a 6.61 a 4.21 bc 6.73 a
T4 12.6 c 16.13 b 23.73 b 0.20 b 0.19 b 0.19 a 6.84 d 4.06 b 4.23 bc 6.38 a
T5 11.45 d 15.3 bc 22.68 bc 0.19 b 0.17 b 0.18 a 6.58 d 2.81 c 3.76 d 6.20 a
门源亮蓝Menyuanlianglan T1 14.28 d 16.30 c 18.68 c 0.14 a 0.15 a 0.17 a 3.73 a 1.86 a 1.61 a 4.03 b
T2 14.87 d 16.40 c 19.70 bc 0.13 a 0.14 a 0.14 ab 3.28 a 1.49 a 1.25 b 5.60 a
T3 15.65 c 17.57 b 20.30 b 0.12 a 0.13 a 0.13 ab 2.39 b 1.24 a 1.20 b 3.93 b
T4 17.67 b 17.80 b 22.10 a 0.10 a 0.12 a 0.11 bc 1.69 bc 1.17 a 1.03 b 3.78 b
T5 18.48 a 20.25 a 22.93 a 0.09 a 0.11 a 0.08 c 1.43 c 1.21 1.01 b 3.53 b

Table 3

Effect of planting density on lodging in hulless barley field (%)"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理Treatment 开花期 Anthesis stage 灌浆期 Filling stage 成熟期 Mature stage
LR LD LR LD LR LD
2017 昆仑14号
Kunlun 14		 T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
门源亮蓝
Menyuanlianglan		 T1 0 0 37.95 3 80.87 5
T2 0 0 38.92 3 81.43 5
T3 0 0 51.79 4 83.05 5
T4 0 0 56.50 4 83.09 5
T5 19.38 1 74.50 4 95.09 5
2018 昆仑14号
Kunlun 14		 T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
门源亮蓝
Menyuanlianglan		 T1 0 0 45.67 3 97.33 5
T2 0 0 46.84 3 98.00 5
T3 0 0 62.33 4 99.95 5
T4 0 0 68.00 4 100.00 5
T5 23.33 1 89.67 5 100.00 5

Fig. 2

Effect of planting density on forage yield T1: 1.50 ×106 plants hm-2; T2: 2.25×106 plants hm-2; T3: 3.00×106 plants hm-2; T4: 3.75×106 plants hm-2; T5: 4.50 ×106 plants hm-2."

Table 4

Effect of planting density on the quality of hulless barley forage"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理Treatment 粗蛋白
Crude protein
(%)		 NDF
(%)		 ADF
(%)		 半纤维素
Hemicellulose (%)		 纤维素
Cellulose (%)		 木质素
Lignin (%)		 RFV
2017 昆仑14号
Kunlun 14		 T1 1.69 ab 75.61 c 53.40 ab 22.56 c 36.44 d 15.17 d 58.20 b
T2 1.70 ab 79.47 b 55.87 ab 23.98 b 37.20 c 18.20 b 53.11 c
T3 1.68 ab 84.81 a 60.11 a 25.09 a 39.62 a 19.99 a 46.14 d
T4 1.91 a 79.07 b 55.31 ab 24.14 b 37.72 b 17.12 c 53.89 c
T5 1.65 b 71.77 d 48.97 b 23.16 c 35.77 e 12.79 e 65.79 a
门源亮蓝
Menyuan
lianglan		 T1 1.79 b 69.67 a 47.97 a 22.03 a 35.19 a 12.38 a 68.81 d
T2 1.94 b 67.14 b 46.06 b 21.42 ab 34.07 b 11.61 ab 73.46 c
T3 2.33 a 64.63 c 43.95 c 21.00 bc 32.50 c 11.09 bc 78.67 b
T4 2.47 a 63.74 c 43.35 c 20.70 bc 32.13 c 10.86 c 80.45 ab
T5 2.70 a 62.51 d 42.68 d 20.14 c 31.97 c 10.36 c 82.81 a
2018 昆仑14号
Kunlun 14		 T1 1.83 ab 71.95 c 50.72 d 21.23 b 34.88 cd 15.84 c 63.85 b
T2 1.84 ab 75.63 b 53.07 bc 22.56 a 35.61 bc 17.46 b 58.50 c
T3 1.81 b 80.71 a 57.10 a 23.61 a 37.92 a 19.18 a 51.19 d
T4 1.78 b 75.25 b 52.54 cd 22.71 a 36.11 b 16.43 c 59.30 c
T5 1.93 a 68.31 d 46.51 e 21.79 a 34.24 d 12.27 d 71.73 a
门源亮蓝
Menyuan
lianglan		 T1 2.10 d 66.30 a 45.56 a 20.73 a 33.68 a 11.88 a 74.94 d
T2 2.20 cd 63.90 b 43.75 b 20.15 ab 32.61 a 11.14 b 79.81 c
T3 2.52 bc 61.51 c 41.75 c 19.76 b 31.11 b 10.64 bc 85.26 b
T4 2.67 ab 60.66 cd 41.18 c 19.48 c 30.76 b 10.42 cd 87.13 b
T5 2.92 a 59.49 d 40.54 c 18.95 c 30.60 b 9.94 d 89.62 a
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