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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 937-949.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.93049

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characteristics of annual climate resource distribution and utilization for different cropping systems in the south of Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain

ZHOU Bao-Yuan1,GE Jun-Zhu2,HOU Hai-Peng3,SUN Xue-Fang4,DING Zai-Song1,LI Cong-Feng1,MA Wei1,*(),ZHAO Ming1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
    2College of Agronomy & Resource and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
    3Planting Technology Extension, Department of Tianjin Agricultural Development Service Center, Tianjin 300061, China
    4College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
  • Received:2019-09-10 Accepted:2019-12-26 Online:2020-06-12 Published:2020-01-15
  • Contact: Wei MA,Ming ZHAO E-mail:mawei02@caas.cn;zhaoming@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300504)

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Abstract:

Clarifying the characteristics of annual yield, distribution and utilization of climatic resources, and establishing rational quantitative indexes of annual climatic resources distribution for different cropping systems are helpful to provide theoretical basis for further improving annual yield and resource use efficiency in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain. In this study, the experiment was conducted from 2011 to 2015 at Xinxiang, Henan province to analyze the grain yield, biomass, dry matter production energy, and distribution and utilization efficiency of climatic resources under four cropping systems, namely winter wheat-summer maize, winter wheat-summer soybean, double maize and one-season spring maize. There were no differences in the annual grain yield, total biomass, and dry matter production energy between the winter wheat-summer maize and double maize cropping systems, but they were significantly higher than those of the winter wheat-summer soybean and one-season spring maize cropping systems, with an average increase of 45.4%-61.5%, 37.3%-71.3%, and 35.77%-70.7%, respectively. The annual radiation production efficiency, radiation use efficiency of grain and total biomass for double maize and one-season spring maize cropping systems were significantly higher than those of the winter wheat-summer maize and winter wheat-summer soybean cropping systems, with an average increase of 11.8%-66.7% in the annual radiation production efficiency, and 0.13-0.42 and 0.18-0.69 percentage points increase in the radiation use efficiency of grain and total biomass, respectively. The accumulative temperature distribution rate for two seasons of winter wheat-summer maize was 45.6% and 54.4%, respectively, while those of double maize was 51.4% and 48.6%, respectively. The accumulative temperature ratio between two seasons was of winter wheat-summer maize 0.8, while that of double maize was 1.1. Considering both yield and resource use efficiency, winter wheat-summer maize and double maize cropping systems can be used to optimize the layout of planting patterns and support the sustainable development of agricultural production in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain. Furthermore, clarifying the accumulated temperature distribution rate and the accumulated temperature ratio between two seasons is helpful to optimize climate resource distribution, and further improve the yield potential and the resources use efficiency of double cropping system in the Yellow- Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain.

Key words: the south of Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain, cropping system, yield, resource distribution, resource use efficiency

Fig. 1

Daily mean temperature, radiation and precipitation at Xinxiang from Oct. 2011 to Nov. 2015"

Table 1

Scheme for high-yielding cultivation of different cropping systems from 2011 to 2015"

年份
Year		 种植体系
Cropping system		 作物类型
Crop type		 品种
Variety		 密度
Plant density
(×104 plant hm-2)		 播种期
Sowing date (month/day)		 收获期
Harvest date
(month/day)
2011-2012 W-M 冬小麦Winter wheat 矮抗58 Aikang 58 375 10/13 6/5
夏玉米Summer maize 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7.50 6/12 9/28
W-S 冬小麦Winter wheat 矮抗58 Aikang 58 375 10/13 6/5
夏大豆Summer soybean 中黄35 Zhonghuang 35 22.5 6/13 9/25
M-M 早春季Spring maize 先玉335 Xianyu 335 6.75 3/21 7/20
晚夏季Summer maize 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7.50 7/20 11/11
M 春玉米Spring maize 先玉335 Xianyu 335 6.00 4/22 9/3
2012-2013 W-M 冬小麦Winter wheat 矮抗58 Aikang 58 450 10/10 6/4
夏玉米Summer maize 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7.50 6/8 9/25
W-S 冬小麦Winter wheat 矮抗58 Aikang 58 450 10/10 6/2
夏大豆Summer soybean 中黄35 Zhonghuang 35 30.0 6/10 9/25
M-M 早春季Spring maize 先玉335 Xianyu 335 6.75 3/23 7/19
晚夏季Summer maize 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7.50 7/21 11/15
M 春玉米Spring maize 先玉335 Xianyu 335 6.00 4/25 9/4
2013-2014 W-M 冬小麦Winter wheat 矮抗58 Aikang 58 450 10/10 5/29
夏玉米Summer maize 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7.50 6/8 9/27
W-S 冬小麦Winter wheat 矮抗58 Aikang 58 450 10/10 6/2
夏大豆Summer soybean 中黄35 Zhonghuang 35 30.0 6/8 9/22
M-M 早春季Spring maize 先玉335 Xianyu 335 6.75 3/25 7/18
晚夏季Summer maize 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7.50 7/19 11/12
M 春玉米Spring maize 先玉335 Xianyu 335 6.00 4/27 9/8
2014-2015 W-M 冬小麦Winter wheat 矮抗58 Aikang 58 450 10/9 6/5
夏玉米Summer maize 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7.50 6/13 9/25
W-S 冬小麦Winter wheat 矮抗58 Aikang 58 450 10/9 6/8
夏大豆Summer soybean 中黄35 Zhonghuang 35 30.0 6/15 9/25
M-M 早春季Spring maize 先玉335 Xianyu 335 6.75 3/23 7/21
晚夏季Summer maize 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 7.50 7/22 11/21
M 春玉米Spring maize 先玉335 Xianyu 335 6.00 4/28 9/10

Fig. 2

Grain yield of different cropping systems from 2011 to 2015 A: the annual grain yield; B: the grain yield of first season; C: the grain yield of second season; W-M: winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system; M-M: double maize cropping system; W-S: winter wheat-summer soybean double cropping system; M: spring maize. Bars superscripted by different lowercases are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. "

Fig. 3

Total biomass, and dry matter production energy of different cropping systems from 2011 to 2015 A: the annual total biomass; B: the biomass of first season; C: the biomass of the second season; D: the annual dry matter production energy; E: the dry matter production energy of first season; F: the dry matter production energy of second season; W-M: winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system; M-M: double maize cropping system; W-S: winter wheat-summer soybean double cropping system; M: spring maize. Bars superscripted by different lowercases are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level."

Table 2

Distribution of accumulated temperature of different cropping systems from 2011 to 2015"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 第一季First season 第二季Second season 周年Annual
积温
AT (°C)		 分配率
TDR (%)		 积温
AT (°C)		 分配率
TDR (%)		 积温
AT (°C)		 两季比
TR
2011-2012 W-M 2348.5 45.4 2828.7 54.6 5177.2 0.83
M-M 2681.1 52.3 2442.4 47.7 5123.5 1.10
W-S 2348.5 46.6 2692.0 53.4 5040.5 0.87
M — — — — 3275.0 —
2012-2013 W-M 2255.0 43.7 2908.2 56.3 5163.2 0.78
M-M 2562.0 50.0 2558.8 50.0 5120.8 1.00
W-S 2296.0 46.1 2687.5 53.9 4983.5 0.85
M — — — — 3334.5 —
2013-2014 W-M 2267.3 45.3 2736.5 54.7 5003.8 0.83
M-M 2631.7 52.2 2406.5 47.8 5038.2 1.09
W-S 2358.6 47.1 2644.2 52.9 5002.8 0.89
M — — — — 3324.6 —
2014-2015 W-M 2527.4 48.0 2733.4 52.0 5260.8 0.92
M-M 2570.3 51.1 2460.4 48.9 5030.7 1.04
W-S 2467.7 47.6 2716.0 52.4 5183.7 0.91
M — — — — 3261.9 —
平均值Mean W-M 2349.6 b 45.6 b 2801.7 a 54.4 a 5151.3 a 0.8 c
M-M 2611.3 a 51.4 a 2467.0 b 48.6 b 5078.3 a 1.1 a
W-S 2367.7 b 46.9 b 2684.9 a 53.1 a 5052.6 a 0.9 b
M — — — — 3299.0 b —

Table 3

Distribution of accumulated radiation of different cropping systems from 2011 to 2015"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 第一季First season 第二季Second season 周年Annual
辐射量
Ra (MJ m-2)		 分配率
RDR (%)		 辐射量
Ra (MJ m-2)		 分配率
RDR (%)		 辐射量
Ra (MJ m-2)		 两季比
RR
2011-2012 W-M 2184.2 55.7 1738.2 44.3 3922.4 1.3
M-M 2062.2 56.8 1570.7 43.2 3632.9 1.3
W-S 2184.2 57.5 1614.0 42.5 3798.1 1.4
M — — — — 2110.2 —
2012-2013 W-M 2131.2 56.5 1638.1 43.5 3769.2 1.3
M-M 1761.0 52.6 1585.2 47.4 3346.2 1.1
W-S 2160.5 58.9 1510.3 41.1 3670.9 1.4
M — — — — 1995.6 —
2013-2014 W-M 2103.4 58.5 1493.2 41.5 3596.6 1.4
M-M 1873.4 58.7 1316.3 41.3 3189.7 1.4
W-S 2173.5 59.8 1462.3 40.2 3635.8 1.5
M — — — — 1982.4 —
2014-2015 W-M 2208.2 57.2 1651.4 42.8 3859.6 1.3
M-M 1974.3 55.2 1600.8 44.8 3575.1 1.2
W-S 2159.6 56.8 1644.8 43.2 3804.4 1.3
M — — — — 2128.9 —
平均值Mean W-M 2156.7 a 57.0 a 1630.2 a 43.0 a 3787.0 a 1.3 a
M-M 1917.7 b 55.8 b 1518.3 b 44.2 a 3436.0 b 1.3 a
W-S 2169.5 a 58.2 a 1557.8 ab 41.8 b 3727.3 a 1.4 a
M — — — — 2054.3 c —

Table 4

Production efficiency of accumulated temperature, radiation, and precipitation of different cropping systems from 2011 to 2015"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 积温生产效率
Production efficiency of AT
(kg hm-2 oC-1)		 光能生产效率
Production efficiency of Ra
(g MJ-1)		 降水生产效率
Production efficiency of Pr
(kg hm-2 mm-1)
第一季
First season		 第二季
Second season		 周年
Annual		 第一季
First season		 第二季
Second season		 周年
Annual		 第一季
First season		 第二季
Second season		 周年
Annual
2011-2012 W-M 3.8 4.0 3.9 0.42 0.65 0.52 48.5 41.4 44.3
M-M 4.0 3.8 3.9 0.50 0.58 0.54 68.5 56.1 62.0
W-S 3.8 1.7 2.7 0.41 0.29 0.36 47.7 17.3 29.8
M — — 3.8 — — 0.59 — — 51.5
2012-2013 W-M 3.8 3.9 3.9 0.42 0.62 0.51 88.4 32.2 45.9
M-M 4.1 3.8 4.0 0.58 0.60 0.59 35.3 61.5 44.4
W-S 3.8 1.8 2.7 0.40 0.33 0.37 85.1 15.8 32.9
M — — 3.6 — — 0.60 — — 31.2
2013-2014 W-M 3.7 4.0 3.9 0.42 0.67 0.52 69.7 22.5 32.9
M-M 4.0 3.8 3.9 0.56 0.69 0.61 60.4 25.7 37.0
W-S 3.7 1.8 2.7 0.40 0.33 0.37 68.5 11.5 24.8
M — — 3.9 — — 0.65 — — 37.7
2014-2015 W-M 3.5 3.9 3.8 0.40 0.62 0.50 55.5 32.2 40.0
M-M 4.1 3.8 4.0 0.52 0.58 0.55 42.6 35.6 39.0
W-S 3.5 1.4 2.4 0.40 0.24 0.33 53.5 12.3 26.1
M — — 3.8 — — 0.58 — — 38.7
平均值
Mean		 W-M 3.8 b 3.9 a 3.9 a 0.42 b 0.64 a 0.51 b 65.5 a 30.2 b 40.2 b
M-M 4.1 a 3.8 a 4.0 a 0.54 a 0.61 a 0.57 a 50.7 b 38.1 a 43.8 a
W-S 3.7 b 1.7 b 2.6 b 0.40 b 0.30 b 0.36 c 63.8 a 13.6 c 28.1 c
M — — 3.8 a — — 0.60 a — — 38.6 b

Table 5

Radiation use efficiency of different cropping systems from 2011 to 2015"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 籽粒光能利用效率
Radiation use efficiency of grain (%)		 总生物量光能利用效率
Radiation use efficiency of total biomass (%)
第一季
First season		 第二季
Second season		 周年
Annual		 第一季
First season		 第二季
Second season		 周年
Annual
2011-2012 W-M 0.73 1.17 0.92 1.59 2.21 1.86
M-M 0.91 1.06 0.97 1.86 2.23 2.02
W-S 0.72 0.62 0.68 1.62 1.13 1.41
M — — 1.07 — — 1.97
2012-2013 W-M 0.74 1.12 0.90 1.60 2.17 1.85
M-M 1.04 1.09 1.06 2.10 2.26 2.17
W-S 0.70 0.70 0.70 1.52 1.23 1.40
M — — 1.08 — — 1.94
2013-2014 W-M 0.73 1.22 0.93 1.58 2.34 1.90
M-M 1.01 1.25 1.11 1.92 2.62 2.21
W-S 0.72 0.71 0.70 1.49 1.23 1.38
M — — 1.17 — — 2.28
2014-2015 W-M 0.71 1.12 0.88 1.61 2.12 1.83
M-M 0.95 1.04 0.99 1.83 2.07 1.93
W-S 0.72 0.51 0.62 1.53 1.10 1.34
M — — 1.05 1.96
平均值
Mean		 W-M 0.73 b 1.15 a 0.91 b 1.60 b 2.21 a 1.86 b
M-M 0.97 a 1.10 a 1.04 a 1.92 a 2.28 a 2.08 a
W-S 0.70 b 0.63 b 0.67 c 1.54 b 1.17 b 1.39 c
M — — 1.09 a — — 2.04 a
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