叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对甜荞光合特性、产量及硒积累效应的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21039

Abstract

Abstract:

Dietary selenium supplementation is the main way for people to take in selenium. Selenium bioaugmentation technology can effectively improve the selenium content of crops. In this study, the material was common buckwheat variety Xinong 9976, and sodium selenite was used as the selenium source. The application rates of pure selenium in the field were 0 (Se0), 5 (Se5), and 20 g hm^-2 (Se20), respectively. The changes of photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and transport, agronomic traits, and yield of common buckwheat were explored during two consecutive crop growing seasons from 2020 to 2021, and the effects of selenium content in organs, selenium transport factors and selenium utilization rate in grains of common buckwheat under different exogenous selenium concentrations were analyzed. The results showed that foliar spraying sodium selenite could improve the photosynthetic substance production capacity of common buckwheat leaves, and the chlorophyll content (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), and water use efficiency (WUE) of leaves increased by 13.12%, 11.50%, 5.48%, 5.95%, and 5.77% on average compared with the control. Selenium spraying significantly increased the maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m), actual photochemical efficiency (Φ_PSII), and photochemical quenching coefficient (q_p) of buckwheat leaf photosystem II, decreased the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ), enhanced the ability of capturing and transforming light energy, reduced the loss of ineffective light energy, and improved the utilization ability of high light. Under two different selenium application rates, the dry matter accumulation of stem and leaf of Fagopyrum esculentum was significantly higher than that of Se0 treatment, but the distribution ratio was significantly lower. The dry matter accumulation and dry matter distribution ratio of grain were improved. The dry matter transport capacity, migration rate, and contribution rate of stem and leaf to grain reached the maximum at Se5 and Se20 concentrations, respectively. Selenium spraying increased the number of 1000-grain weight, grain number per plant, and yield by 3.1%-11.3%, 13.5%-32.0%, and 4.9%-23.2% compared with the control, respectively. The selenium content and transport factors in different parts of common buckwheat reached the maximum under Se20, while the utilization rate of selenium in grain was higher under Se5. In conclusion, foliar spraying of sodium selenite can improve photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of common buckwheat, increase the accumulation of dry matter in various organs, and promote the transport of dry matter to grains, thus increasing the grain yield of common buckwheat. In addition, the selenium content in all parts of common buckwheat was significantly increased after foliar spraying with selenium, and the selenium utilization rate of grain was the highest under Se5 treatment, and the selenium content of grain met the national grain selenium-enriched standard, which was suitable for popularization and application in Loess Plateau area.

Key words: common buckwheat, sodium selenite, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, yield, selenium content

LEI Xin-Hui, LENG Jia-Jun, TAO Jin-Cai, WAN Chen-Xi, WU Yi-Xin, WANG Jia-Le, WANG Peng-Ke, FENG Bai-Li, WANG Meng, GAO Jin-Feng. Effects of foliar spraying selenium on photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and selenium accumulation of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.)[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(6): 1678-1689.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 1

Effect of spraying sodium selenite on dynamic accumulation of dry matter in different organs of common buckwheat (g)"

年份 Years	器官 Organ	处理 Treatment	处理后天数Days after treatment			成熟期 Maturity stage
年份 Years	器官 Organ	处理 Treatment	10 d	20 d	30 d	成熟期 Maturity stage
2020	根Root	Se0	0.755±0.034 a	0.910±0.027 a	1.370±0.041 a	1.529±0.071 a
		Se5	0.765±0.021 a	0.925±0.021 a	1.365±0.049 a	1.530±0.057 a
		Se20	0.765±0.027 a	0.926±0.028 a	1.354±0.035 a	1.490±0.028 a
	茎Stem	Se0	7.946±0.205 b	13.510±0.250 c	16.640±0.337 c	15.497±0.374 a
		Se5	11.649±0.448 a	14.421±0.161 b	17.527±0.177 b	15.369±0.234 a
		Se20	12.411±0.424 a	15.378±0.239 a	18.438±0.213 a	15.559±0.177 a
	叶Leaf	Se0	3.863±0.097 b	4.635±0.138 b	3.413±0.042 b	1.374±0.083 a
		Se5	4.302±0.082 a	5.973±0.198 a	3.800±0.058 a	1.401±0.023 a
		Se20	4.518±0.114 a	5.580±0.152 a	3.323±0.141 b	1.379±0.033 a
	籽粒Grain	Se0	0.677±0.065 c	1.295±0.057 c	4.142±0.063 c	5.205±0.144 c
		Se5	1.586±0.073 a	3.391±0.024 a	4.681±0.071 b	5.691±0.098 b
		Se20	1.245±0.069 b	2.274±0.049 b	5.078±0.065 a	6.116±0.076 a
2021	根Root	Se0	0.520±0.183 a	0.828±0.014 a	1.161±0.066 a	1.478±0.149 a
		Se5	0.676±0.078 a	0.833±0.031 a	1.234±0.113 a	1.419±0.050 a
		Se20	0.620±0.061 a	0.834±0.012 a	1.137±0.159 a	1.451±0.033 a
	茎Stem	Se0	5.208±0.183 c	7.575±0.130 c	12.276±0.210 c	10.216±0.153 a
		Se5	6.766±0.145 b	8.560±0.128 b	13.817±0.101 b	10.355±0.172 a
		Se20	7.792±0.132 a	9.162±0.096 a	14.440±0.106 a	10.398±0.095 a
	叶Leaf	Se0	3.672±0.120 c	4.097±0.005 b	3.127±0.143 b	1.483±0.054 a
		Se5	4.231±0.146 b	5.663±0.155 a	3.747±0.078 a	1.482±0.077 a
		Se20	4.705±0.061 a	5.300±0.255 a	3.482±0.142 ab	1.437±0.043 a
	籽粒Grain	Se0	0.711±0.033 c	1.672±0.098 b	4.044±0.109 c	5.205±0.089 c
		Se5	1.393±0.055 a	2.761±0.071 a	4.770±0.097 b	5.886±0.109 b
		Se20	0.959±0.033 b	2.536±0.068 a	5.190±0.030 a	6.290±0.041 a

Table 1

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Table 2

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年份Year	处理 Treatment	硒含量Se Concentration (mg kg^-1)				转运因子Transport factor	籽粒硒的利用率Seeds Se use efficiency (%)
年份Year	处理 Treatment	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	籽粒 Glume	转运因子Transport factor	籽粒硒的利用率Seeds Se use efficiency (%)
2020	Se0	0.043±0.003 b	0.016±0.003 c	0.047±0.002 c	0.036±0.004 c	0.81±0.008 b	—
	Se5	0.072±0.004 b	0.087±0.005 b	0.172±0.004 b	0.188±0.002 b	1.09±0.038 a	3.04 a
	Se20	0.413±0.031 a	0.200±0.005 a	0.361±0.015 a	0.404±0.006 a	1.12±0.021 a	1.84 b
2021	Se0	0.058±0.006 c	0.021±0.006 c	0.065±0.005 c	0.053±0.002 c	0.83±0.090 b	—
	Se5	0.116±0.019 b	0.098±0.006 b	0.205±0.007 b	0.212±0.002 b	1.03±0.027 a	3.18 a
	Se20	0.404±0.014 a	0.224±0.011 a	0.393±0.014 a	0.435±0.002 a	1.11±0.022 a	1.91 b
变异来源 Variation source
年份Year (Y)		NS	**	**	**	NS	**
处理Treatment (T)		**	**	**	**	**	**
年份×处理Y×T		NS	NS	NS	**	NS	**

Effects of foliar spraying selenium on photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and selenium accumulation of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.)

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