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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 1690-1698.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22027

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Study of regulating effect of auxin on floret opening in rice

HE Yong-Ming(), ZHANG Fang*()   

  1. Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2022-05-07 Accepted:2022-10-10 Online:2023-06-12 Published:2022-10-26
  • Contact: *E-mail: zhangf0124@126.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31360295);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801272);Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20212BAB205006);Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20202BABL215001)

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Abstract:

Floret opening which is driven by swelling of lodicules has a direct effect on rice pollination and fertilization. Auxin is an essential phytohormone in regulating reproductive development processes such as anther dehiscence, pollen fertility, and seed initiation. To elucidate the role of auxin in floret opening, the effects of exogenous auxin and its inhibitors on floret opening, and dynamic changes of endogenous auxin levels, and gene relative expression levels of auxin pathway in florets and lodicules were investigated in japonica cultivar Zhonghua 11. The results showed that the panicles soaked with IAA (10-20 mmol L-1) or NAA (0.05-0.50 mmol L-1) delayed significantly floret opening. Under high concentration of NAA (0.5 mmol L-1), compared with the water-treated panicles, the floret opening was postponed by three days. The prolonged opening duration of single floret and decreased seed-setting rate were also observed after IAA and NAA treatments. Treatments with IAA polar transport inhibitor TIBA and function inhibitor PCIB delayed florets opening as well. Furthermore, the application of methyl jamonate (MeJA) could restore effectively floret opening which was retared by NAA pretreatments. A sharp decline of IAA levels was detected two hours before floret opening in natural condition. Compared to that at 1 d and 2 d before opening, IAA level in florets at 2 hours before opening was decreased by 65.85% and 74.27%, respectively. Corresponding to the changes of IAA levels in florets, the relative expression levels of IAA biosynthetic genes (OsTAR2, OsYUCCA3/4/8) in the lodicules were down-regulated during floret opening, while the expressions of catabolic genes (OsGH3.2/OsGH3.8) in formation of inactive IAA conjugates, IAA efflux transport genes (OsPIN1, OsPIN1a), and its positive regulator BG1 gene were significantly up-regulated. 13 differentially expressed early auxin response genes (OsAUX/IAAs, OsARF15, OsSAURs) were also identified, among which, 10 were up-regulated and 3 down-regulated. In conclusion, rice floret opening was regulated by endogenous auxin, but was inhibited by elevating auxin level in lodicules.

Key words: rice, floret opening, auxin, inhibitory effect

Fig. 1

Floret opening dynamics in rice under different auxin conditions A: the number of opening florets per panicle after different auxin conditions during 4 days. B: the number of opening florets per panicle in one day that has most opening florets under different auxin conditions. C: the opening duration of single florets under different auxin conditions. Different lowercase letters mean significant difference at the 0.05 probability level (Duncan’s test)."

Fig. 2

Self seed setting rate per panicle under different auxin treatments Different lowercase letters mean significant difference at the 0.05 probability level (Duncan’s test)."

Fig. 3

Floret opening dynamics in rice under TIBA (A) and PCIB (B) treatments"

Fig. 4

Effect of MeJA on auxin inhibition of floret opening in rice"

Fig. 5

IAA concentrations of rice florets at different time before floret opening BF2d, BF1d, BF2h, and BF0h means the time of 2 d, 1 d, 2 h before flowering and floret opening, respectively. Different lowercase letters mean significant difference at the 0.05 probability level (Duncan’s test)."

Fig. 6

Relative expression levels of some genes involved in IAA signaling pathway in the lodicules A: transcriptional analysis of rice lodicules at the time of 1 d before flowering and floret opening. B: the correlation analysis on the expression changes of 10 selected genes including OsYUCAA3/4/5/7/8, OsGH3.2/3.8, OsPIN1/1a, and BG1 with the methods of qRT-PCR and RNA-seq. The values of log2 for relative expression level of qRT-PCR and differential expression levels of RNA-Seq were as the horizontal and vertical coordinates, respectively. BF1d and BF0h means the time of 1 d before flowering and floret opening, respectively."

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