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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 1678-1689.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21039

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Effects of foliar spraying selenium on photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and selenium accumulation of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.)

LEI Xin-Hui1,**(), LENG Jia-Jun1,**(), TAO Jin-Cai1, WAN Chen-Xi1, WU Yi-Xin1, WANG Jia-Le1, WANG Peng-Ke1, FENG Bai-Li1, WANG Meng2, GAO Jin-Feng1,*()   

  1. 1Agricultural College of Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Physiology in Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    2Yulin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2022-06-01 Accepted:2022-10-10 Online:2023-06-12 Published:2022-10-19
  • Contact: *E-mail: gaojf7604@126.com
  • About author:First author contact:**Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD1000805-03);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671631);Science and Technology Key Research & Development Project of Shaanxi Province(2022NY-178);Technical System of Minor Cereals Industry in Shaanxi Province(NYKJ-2021-YL(XN)40)

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Abstract:

Dietary selenium supplementation is the main way for people to take in selenium. Selenium bioaugmentation technology can effectively improve the selenium content of crops. In this study, the material was common buckwheat variety Xinong 9976, and sodium selenite was used as the selenium source. The application rates of pure selenium in the field were 0 (Se0), 5 (Se5), and 20 g hm-2 (Se20), respectively. The changes of photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and transport, agronomic traits, and yield of common buckwheat were explored during two consecutive crop growing seasons from 2020 to 2021, and the effects of selenium content in organs, selenium transport factors and selenium utilization rate in grains of common buckwheat under different exogenous selenium concentrations were analyzed. The results showed that foliar spraying sodium selenite could improve the photosynthetic substance production capacity of common buckwheat leaves, and the chlorophyll content (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and water use efficiency (WUE) of leaves increased by 13.12%, 11.50%, 5.48%, 5.95%, and 5.77% on average compared with the control. Selenium spraying significantly increased the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qp) of buckwheat leaf photosystem II, decreased the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ), enhanced the ability of capturing and transforming light energy, reduced the loss of ineffective light energy, and improved the utilization ability of high light. Under two different selenium application rates, the dry matter accumulation of stem and leaf of Fagopyrum esculentum was significantly higher than that of Se0 treatment, but the distribution ratio was significantly lower. The dry matter accumulation and dry matter distribution ratio of grain were improved. The dry matter transport capacity, migration rate, and contribution rate of stem and leaf to grain reached the maximum at Se5 and Se20 concentrations, respectively. Selenium spraying increased the number of 1000-grain weight, grain number per plant, and yield by 3.1%-11.3%, 13.5%-32.0%, and 4.9%-23.2% compared with the control, respectively. The selenium content and transport factors in different parts of common buckwheat reached the maximum under Se20, while the utilization rate of selenium in grain was higher under Se5. In conclusion, foliar spraying of sodium selenite can improve photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of common buckwheat, increase the accumulation of dry matter in various organs, and promote the transport of dry matter to grains, thus increasing the grain yield of common buckwheat. In addition, the selenium content in all parts of common buckwheat was significantly increased after foliar spraying with selenium, and the selenium utilization rate of grain was the highest under Se5 treatment, and the selenium content of grain met the national grain selenium-enriched standard, which was suitable for popularization and application in Loess Plateau area.

Key words: common buckwheat, sodium selenite, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, yield, selenium content

Fig. 1

Effect of foliar spraying of sodium selenite on the relative content of chlorophyll in common buckwheat Different lowercase letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. Se0 represents spraying concentration of 0 g hm-2, Se5 represents spraying concentration of 5 g hm-2, Se20 represents spraying concentration of 20 g hm-2."

Fig. 2

Effect of foliar spraying of sodium selenite on gas exchange parameters of common buckwheat A: the effect of foliar spraying of sodium selenite on net photosynthetic rate of common buckwheat; B: the effect of foliar spraying of sodium selenite on cellular CO2 concentration of common buckwheat; C: the effect of foliar spraying of sodium selenite on transpiration rate of common buckwheat; D: the effect of foliar spraying of sodium selenite on water use efficiency of common buckwheat. Different lowercase letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 3

Effect of spraying sodium selenite on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of common buckwheat A: the effect of foliar spraying of sodium selenite on the PSII maximum photochemical efficiency of common buckwheat; B: the effect of foliar spraying of sodium selenite on the PSII actual photochemical efficiency of common buckwheat; C: the effect of foliar spraying of sodium selenite on the PSII non-photochemical quenching coefficient of common buckwheat; D: the effect of foliar spraying of sodium selenite on PSII photochemical quenching coefficient of common buckwheat. Different lowercase letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Table 1

Effect of spraying sodium selenite on dynamic accumulation of dry matter in different organs of common buckwheat (g)"

年份
Years		 器官
Organ		 处理
Treatment		 处理后天数Days after treatment 成熟期
Maturity stage
10 d 20 d 30 d
2020 根Root Se0 0.755±0.034 a 0.910±0.027 a 1.370±0.041 a 1.529±0.071 a
Se5 0.765±0.021 a 0.925±0.021 a 1.365±0.049 a 1.530±0.057 a
Se20 0.765±0.027 a 0.926±0.028 a 1.354±0.035 a 1.490±0.028 a
茎Stem Se0 7.946±0.205 b 13.510±0.250 c 16.640±0.337 c 15.497±0.374 a
Se5 11.649±0.448 a 14.421±0.161 b 17.527±0.177 b 15.369±0.234 a
Se20 12.411±0.424 a 15.378±0.239 a 18.438±0.213 a 15.559±0.177 a
叶Leaf Se0 3.863±0.097 b 4.635±0.138 b 3.413±0.042 b 1.374±0.083 a
Se5 4.302±0.082 a 5.973±0.198 a 3.800±0.058 a 1.401±0.023 a
Se20 4.518±0.114 a 5.580±0.152 a 3.323±0.141 b 1.379±0.033 a
籽粒Grain Se0 0.677±0.065 c 1.295±0.057 c 4.142±0.063 c 5.205±0.144 c
Se5 1.586±0.073 a 3.391±0.024 a 4.681±0.071 b 5.691±0.098 b
Se20 1.245±0.069 b 2.274±0.049 b 5.078±0.065 a 6.116±0.076 a
2021 根Root Se0 0.520±0.183 a 0.828±0.014 a 1.161±0.066 a 1.478±0.149 a
Se5 0.676±0.078 a 0.833±0.031 a 1.234±0.113 a 1.419±0.050 a
Se20 0.620±0.061 a 0.834±0.012 a 1.137±0.159 a 1.451±0.033 a
茎Stem Se0 5.208±0.183 c 7.575±0.130 c 12.276±0.210 c 10.216±0.153 a
Se5 6.766±0.145 b 8.560±0.128 b 13.817±0.101 b 10.355±0.172 a
Se20 7.792±0.132 a 9.162±0.096 a 14.440±0.106 a 10.398±0.095 a
叶Leaf Se0 3.672±0.120 c 4.097±0.005 b 3.127±0.143 b 1.483±0.054 a
Se5 4.231±0.146 b 5.663±0.155 a 3.747±0.078 a 1.482±0.077 a
Se20 4.705±0.061 a 5.300±0.255 a 3.482±0.142 ab 1.437±0.043 a
籽粒Grain Se0 0.711±0.033 c 1.672±0.098 b 4.044±0.109 c 5.205±0.089 c
Se5 1.393±0.055 a 2.761±0.071 a 4.770±0.097 b 5.886±0.109 b
Se20 0.959±0.033 b 2.536±0.068 a 5.190±0.030 a 6.290±0.041 a

Fig. 4

Effect of spraying sodium selenite on dry matter distribution ratio (%) of sweet buckwheat roots (A), stems (B), leaves (C), and grains (D) Different lowercase letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 5

Effect of spraying sodium selenite on dry matter transport (A), contribution rate (B), and migration rate (C) of buckwheat Different lowercase letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Fig. 6

Effects of spraying sodium selenite on agronomic characters, yield, and yield components of buckwheat A: the effect of foliar spraying of sodium selenite on plant height and stem diameter; B: the effect of foliar spraying of sodium selenite on node number and main stem branch; C: the effect of foliar spraying of sodium selenite on flower cluster number and grain weight per plant; D: the effect of foliar spraying of sodium selenite on 1000-grain weight and yield. Different lowercase letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Table 2

Effect of foliar spraying of sodium selenite on selenium content in different parts of common buckwheat"

年份Year 处理
Treatment		 硒含量Se Concentration (mg kg-1) 转运因子Transport factor 籽粒硒的利用率Seeds Se use efficiency (%)
根
Root		 茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 籽粒
Glume
2020 Se0 0.043±0.003 b 0.016±0.003 c 0.047±0.002 c 0.036±0.004 c 0.81±0.008 b —
Se5 0.072±0.004 b 0.087±0.005 b 0.172±0.004 b 0.188±0.002 b 1.09±0.038 a 3.04 a
Se20 0.413±0.031 a 0.200±0.005 a 0.361±0.015 a 0.404±0.006 a 1.12±0.021 a 1.84 b
2021 Se0 0.058±0.006 c 0.021±0.006 c 0.065±0.005 c 0.053±0.002 c 0.83±0.090 b —
Se5 0.116±0.019 b 0.098±0.006 b 0.205±0.007 b 0.212±0.002 b 1.03±0.027 a 3.18 a
Se20 0.404±0.014 a 0.224±0.011 a 0.393±0.014 a 0.435±0.002 a 1.11±0.022 a 1.91 b
变异来源 Variation source
年份Year (Y) NS ** ** ** NS **
处理Treatment (T) ** ** ** ** ** **
年份×处理Y×T NS NS NS ** NS **
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