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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (10): 2738-2752.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22065

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Yield performance and agronomic characteristics of a newly developed ultrashort-duration line in direct-seeded double-season rice system

PAN Xiang-Cheng1,2(), YANG Guo-Dong1, FU Ying-Ying1, WANG Xin-Yu1,3, XIONG Qu2, XU Le1,4(), PENG Shao-Bing1()   

  1. 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement / Hubei Hongshan Laboratory / MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River / College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
    2Xiaogan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiaogan432000, Hubei, China
    3Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
    4College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2022-12-14 Accepted:2023-04-17 Online:2023-10-12 Published:2023-04-25
  • Contact: E-mail: speng@mail.hzau.edu.cn; E-mail: xule@neau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Science Foundation of China(31971845);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Rice, CARS-01-20)

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Abstract:

The objective of this study is to explore the yield performance and yield-related traits of a newly developed ultrashort-duration line in direct-seeded double-season rice system. An ultrashort-duration line named CPPC18, and four check cultivars (Xiangzaoxian 6, Zaoxian 615, Zhongzao 39, and Liangyou 152) were grown as the direct-seeded double-season rice in both plot-level and on-farm experiments in Hubei province in 2021. We measured canopy light interception, biomass accumulation, lodging characteristics, yield, and yield components. The result showed that the new line matured within 95 days in each season, and its annual growth duration was 180-183 days. This was 7-9 days longer than Xiangzaoxian 6, but 4-8 days and 16-22 days shorter than Zaoxian 615 and the combination of Zhongzao 39 (early season) and Liangyou 152 (late season), respectively. In the plot-level experiment, the annual yield of CPPC18 reached 14.9 t hm-2 and increased by 7.2%-14.6% compared with other cultivars. Yield advantage of CPPC18 was mainly attributed to its early vigor in early season and higher spikelets per m-2, grain filling percentage, and harvest index in late season. Besides, the lodging resistance of CPPC18 was stronger than other cultivars due to its lower plant height, the center of gravity height, and bending moment. Similarly, CPPC18 also had yield advantages over other cultivars in the on-farm experiment. The annual yield increased by 12.7%-21.6% over other cultivars. In conclusion, the newly developed ultrashort-duration line CPPC18 was suitable for direct-seeded, double-season rice system in central China for achieving high and stable yield.

Key words: agronomic characteristics, direct seeding double-season rice, ultrashort-duration, on-farm experiment, yield

Table 1

Initial soil characteristics of the field experiment"

季节
Season		 地点
Site		 有机质
Soil organic matter (g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(%)		 速效磷
Olsen P
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)		 酸碱度
pH
早季
Early season		 小区试验Plot-level experiment 25.5 0.19 8.5 168.3 5.49
生产示范On-farm experiment 24.8 0.16 6.1 193.0 5.52
晚季
Late season		 小区试验Plot-level experiment 28.8 0.20 8.3 232.4 5.24
生产示范On-farm experiment 26.2 0.18 5.5 99.3 5.43

Table 2

Basic information of the tested genotypes in rice"

品种/品系
Genotype		 简写
Abbreviation		 父母本
Parents		 水稻类型
Varietal type		 选育单位
Breeding institute
CPPC05-235-B-1-6-9 CPPC18 早籼615/湘早籼6号
Zaoxian 615/Xiangzaoxian 6		 常规籼稻
Conventional indica rice		 本课题组选育
Our research group
湘早籼6号
Xiangzaoxian 6		 XZX6 湘矮早9号/莲塘早
Xiangaizao 9/Liantangzao		 常规籼稻
Conventional indica rice		 沅江市农业科学研究所
Yuanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences
早籼615
Zaoxian 615		 ZX615 早籼14/Y134
Zaoxian 14/Y134		 常规籼稻
Conventional indica rice		 安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所
Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences
中早39
Zhongzao 39		 ZZ39 嘉育253/中组3号
Jiayu 253/Zhongzu 3		 常规籼稻
Conventional indica rice		 中国水稻研究所
China National Rice Research Institute
两优152
Liangyou 152		 LY152 HD9802S/R152 杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 湖北省种子集团有限公司, 武汉大学
Hubei Provincial Seed Group Co., Ltd,
Wuhan University

Fig. 1

Daily mean temperature and solar radiation during growing season (early and late seasons) (plot-level experiment) Daily mean temperature and solar radiation during growing season are from the website of the National Meteorological Information Center of the China Meteorological Administration."

Table 3

Growth duration of tested genotypes in the early and late seasons (plot-level experiment) (d)"

季节
Season		 品种/品系
Genotype		 营养生长期
Vegetative stage		 生殖生长期
Reproductive stage		 籽粒灌浆期
Ripening stage		 全生育期
Total growth duration
早季 CPPC18 40 25 30 95
Early season XZX6 42 21 26 89
ZX615 43 24 30 97
ZZ39 43 28 32 103
晚季 CPPC18 28 19 38 85
Late season XZX6 31 19 34 84
ZX615 28 22 41 91
LY152 31 22 46 99

Fig. 2

Yield performance of tested genotypes (plot-level experiment) Date are means of four replications, and vertical bars represent the standard errors. XZX6: Xiangzaoxian 6; ZX615: Zaoxian 615; ZZ39/LY152: the combination of Zhongzao 39 (early season) and Liangyou 152 (late season)."

Table 4

Daily yield, yield components, aboveground biomass at maturity, and harvest index of tested genotypes (plot-level experiment)"

季节
Season		 品种/品系
Genotype		 日产量
Daily yield
(kg hm-2 d-1)		 单位面积穗数
Panicles
(m-2)		 每穗颖花数
Spikelets
panicle-1		 单位面积颖花数
Spikelets
(×103 m-2)		 结实率
Grain filling
(%)		 千粒重
1000-grain
weight
(g)		 生物量
Biomass
(t hm-2)		 收获指数
Harvest index
(%)
早季 CPPC18 79.8 a 417 b 93.5 c 38.9 a 83.1 a 21.2 c 13.9 a 49.2 b
Early season XZX6 73.8 b 471 a 88.0 d 41.4 a 79.5 a 19.2 d 12.8 b 49.6 b
ZX615 78.0 a 360 c 117.3 b 42.2 a 82.6 a 23.0 b 14.3 a 56.1 a
ZZ39 79.7 a 294 d 132.6 a 38.9 a 79.0 a 24.5 a 14.7 a 51.3 b
平均Mean 77.8 A 385 A 107.9 B 40.4 A 81.1 A 22.0 A 13.9 A 51.5 A
晚季 CPPC18 85.7 a 351 ab 114.2 ab 39.4 a 79.0 a 20.8 c 12.4 a 52.2 a
Late season XZX6 77.0 b 398 a 95.3 b 37.7 a 78.9 a 19.8 d 12.9 a 45.4 b
ZX615 68.3 c 304 b 129.4 a 39.2 a 63.5 b 22.1 b 12.4 a 44.0 b
LY152 57.7 d 295 b 129.0 a 37.5 a 51.2 c 23.5 a 12.1 a 37.2 c
平均Mean 72.2 B 337 B 117.0 A 38.0 B 68.1 B 21.6 B 12.5 B 44.7 B

Fig. 3

Relationship of grain yield with biomass at maturity (a) and harvest index (b) of tested genotypes (plot-level experiment)"

Table 5

Crop growth rate of tested genotypes during different growth stages in the early and late seasons (plot-level experiment)"

季节
Season		 品种/品系
Genotype		 作物生长速率 Crop growth rate (g m-2 d-1)
播种-幼穗分化期
SS-PI		 幼穗分化-齐穗期
PI-HD		 齐穗-成熟期
HD-MA		 全生育期
SS-MA
早季 CPPC18 5.5 a 22.6 b 20.2 a 14.6 a
Early season XZX6 4.6 b 29.0 a 18.3 a 14.3 a
ZX615 3.7 c 28.5 ab 19.4 a 14.7 a
ZZ39 3.8 c 29.3 a 15.2 a 14.2 a
平均Mean 4.4 B 27.4 A 18.3 A 14.5 A
晚季 CPPC18 6.4 b 27.0 a 14.5 a 14.6 ab
Late season XZX6 8.9 a 23.3 a 9.1 b 12.2 c
ZX615 8.6 a 25.5 a 15.9 a 15.4 a
LY152 5.9 b 24.2 a 13.2 ab 13.6 bc
平均Mean 7.5 A 25.0 B 13.2 B 14.0 A

Fig. 4

Light interception percentage (a, c) and radiation use efficiency (b, d) of tested genotypes during different growth periods in the early and late seasons (plot-level experiment) Date are means of four replications, and vertical bars represent the standard errors. XZX6: Xiangzaoxian 6; ZX615: Zaoxian 615; ZZ39/LY152: the combination of Zhongzao 39 (early season) and Liangyou 152 (late season)."

Table 6

Stem number, leaf area index at mid-tillering stage (MT), and panicle initiation stage (PI) of tested genotypes (plot-level experiment)"

季节
Season		 品种/品系
Genotype		 茎蘖数Stem number 叶面积指数Leaf area index
MT PI HD MT PI HD
早季 CPPC18 528 a 706 a 717 a 1.17 a 3.34 a 6.97 a
Early season XZX6 583 a 747 a 786 a 1.03 a 3.17 a 6.87 ab
ZX615 328 b 497 b 553 b 0.68 b 2.06 b 5.71 b
ZZ39 347 b 534 b 556 b 0.70 b 2.28 b 6.75 ab
平均Mean 403 B 583 A 653 A 0.81 B 2.53 B 6.58 A
晚季 CPPC18 647 ab 626 ab 477 b 1.13 ab 3.12 b 5.65 bc
Late season XZX6 769 a 712 a 535 a 1.06 ab 4.50 a 6.62 ab
ZX615 562 b 543 b 390 c 0.97 b 2.57 b 5.04 c
LY152 723 a 604 b 452 b 1.24 a 4.57 a 6.93 a
平均Mean 695 A 614 A 464 A 1.16 A 4.07 A 6.06 B

Fig. 5

Lodging index of tested genotypes in the early and late seasons (plot-level experiment) Date are means of four replications, and vertical bars represent the standard errors. XZX6: Xiangzaoxian 6; ZX615: Zaoxian 615; ZZ39/LY152: the combination of Zhongzao 39 (early season) and Liangyou 152 (late season)."

Table 7

Lodging index and lodging-related traits of tested genotypes in the early and late seasons (plot-level experiment)"

季节
Season		 品种/品系
Genotype		 PH
(cm)		 GH
(cm)		 ID
(mm)		 CWT
(mm)		 DLI
(mg cm-1)		 DVI
(mg cm-3)		 BR
(g)		 WP
(g cm)		 M
(g cm)
早季 CPPC18 95.2 c 37.0 b 4.84 b 0.61 a 24.1 b 298.8 b 1196.5 b 960.7 c 1495.7 b
Early season XZX6 92.2 d 38.7 b 4.78 b 0.64 a 24.2 b 290.9 b 1045.8 c 1109.9 b 1307.2 c
ZX615 112.3 a 46.8 a 5.42 a 0.62 a 26.8 b 288.5 b 1319.3 b 1362.2 a 1649.2 b
ZZ39 105.6 b 44.9 a 5.61 a 0.65 a 35.1 a 345.6 a 1698.7 a 1433.5 a 2123.4 a
平均Mean 101.3 B 42.1 B 5.16 A 0.63 A 27.5 A 306.0 B 1315.1 A 1216.6 A 1643.8 A
晚季 CPPC18 98.7 c 41.3 c 4.66 b 0.56 bc 26.5 a 367.2 a 962.7 b 812.3 b 1203.4 b
Late season XZX6 94.5 d 42.3 c 4.45 b 0.54 c 24.9 a 372.2 a 894.6 b 797.5 b 1118.2 b
ZX615 113.8 a 48.8 a 5.14 a 0.60 ab 26.6 a 309.9 b 993.6 b 1183.5 b 1242.1 b
LY152 108.8 b 47.1 b 5.18 a 0.63 a 29.0 a 320.3 b 1391.8 a 1345.2 a 1739.8 a
平均Mean 104.0 A 44.9 A 4.86 B 0.58 B 26.7 A 342.4 A 1060.7 B 1034.6 B 1325.9 B

Fig. 6

Daily mean temperature and solar radiation during both early and late seasons (on-farm experiment) Daily mean temperature and solar radiation during growing season are from the website of the National Meteorological Information Center of the China Meteorological Administration."

Table 8

Growth duration of tested genotypes in the early and late seasons (on-farm experiment) (d)"

季节
Season		 品种/品系
Genotype		 营养生长期
Vegetative stage		 生殖生长期
Reproductive stage		 籽粒灌浆期
Ripening stage		 全生育期
Total growth duration
早季 CPPC18 43 25 26 94
Early season XZX6 46 20 23 89
ZX615 45 24 29 98
ZZ39 47 26 28 101
晚季 CPPC18 30 18 41 89
Late season XZX6 29 19 37 85
ZX615 32 19 38 89
LY152 36 20 42 98

Table 9

Yield, daily yield, yield components, above-ground biomass at maturity, and harvest index of tested genotypes in the early and late seasons (on-farm experiment)"

季节
Season		 品种/
品系
Genotype		 产量
Yield
(t hm-2)		 日产量
Daily yield
(kg hm-2 d-1)		 单位面积
穗数
Panicles
(m-2)		 每穗
颖花数
Spikelets
panicle-1		 单位面积
颖花数
Spikelets
(×103 m-2)		 结实率
Grain
filling
(%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 生物量
Biomass
(t hm-2)		 收获指数
Harvest index
(%)
早季 CPPC18 5.54 ab 58.9 a 475 a 74.2 c 34.7 b 74.7 ab 20.7 c 11.8 ab 45.5 a
Early season XZX6 5.18 b 58.2 a 413 ab 76.0 c 31.4 b 78.6 a 19.0 d 9.9 b 47.3 a
ZX615 6.49 a 66.2 a 386 ab 92.5 b 35.3 b 70.3 bc 22.6 b 12.5 a 44.9 a
ZZ39 5.74 ab 56.9 a 305 b 132.9 a 40.3 a 62.7 c 24.4 a 13.3 a 46.3 a
平均Mean 5.74 A 60.0 B 395 A 93.9 A 35.4 A 71.6 A 21.7 B 11.9 A 46.0 B
晚季 CPPC18 7.36 a 82.7 a 339 ab 120.3 a 40.4 a 75.7 a 20.8 b 12.1 a 52.2 a
Late season XZX6 5.43 b 63.8 b 386 a 80.6 b 31.0 b 81.9 a 21.2 b 10.5 ab 51.2 a
ZX615 4.96 b 55.7 b 272 b 90.8 b 24.3 b 74.1 a 23.5 a 8.8 b 47.9 a
LY152 5.71 b 58.3 b 299 b 96.7 b 28.2 b 71.2 a 23.9 a 9.8 b 48.6 a
平均Mean 5.87 A 65.1 A 324 B 97.1 A 31.0 B 75.7 A 22.3 A 10.3 B 50.0 A

Table 10

Stem number and leaf area index at heading, and plant height at maturity of tested genotypes in the early and late seasons (on-farm experiment)"

季节
Season		 品种/品系
Genotype		 茎蘖数
Stem number (m-2)		 叶面积指数
LAI		 株高
Plant height (cm)
早季 CPPC18 1003 a 8.82 a 90.3 b
Early season XZX6 793 b 6.09 b 84.9 b
ZX615 781 b 6.04 b 103.2 a
ZZ39 791 b 5.66 b 100.6 a
平均Mean 842 A 6.65 A 94.7 A
晚季 CPPC18 523 a 5.96 a 95.3 b
Late season XZX6 579 a 5.77 a 90.4 b
ZX615 488 a 4.94 a 102.5 a
LY152 493 a 5.05 a 102.9 a
平均Mean 521 B 5.43 B 97.8 A
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