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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (11): 2863-2875.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.34025

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS •     Next Articles

Construction of evaluation method for tolerance to high-temperature and screening of heat-tolerant germplasm resources of bud stage in soybean

LI Jia-Jia1(), LONG Qun1(), ZHU Shang-Shang1(), SHAN Ya-Jing1, WU Mei-Yan1, LU Yun1, ZHI Xian-Guan1, LIAO Wei1, CHEN Hao-Ran1, ZHAO Zhen-Bang3, MIAO Long1, GAO Hui-Hui1, LI Ying-Hui2, WANG Xiao-Bo1,*(), QIU Li-Juan2,*()   

  1. 1School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
    2Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / the National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI) / Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Germplasm Enhancement (MARA), Beijing 100081, China
    3Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 234000, Anhui, China
  • Received:2023-02-16 Accepted:2023-04-17 Online:2023-11-12 Published:2023-05-05
  • About author:First author contact:

    **Contributed equally to this study

  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1201603-4);Natural Science Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province(KJ2021A0200);Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2208085MC61);Special Fund for Anhui Agriculture Research System, and the Talent Introduction and Stabilization Project of Anhui Agricultural University(yj2018-38)

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Abstract:

The frequent occurrence of extreme high temperature (HT) events causes continuous heat damage to soybean production, which seriously damages the yield components and quality traits. The seeds are sensitive to the changes of the external environment at germination stage. The rising temperature and the accompanying drought will affect the emergence of soybean seeds. The establishment of a set of scientific evaluation methods for HT tolerance at bud stage can provide a theoretical basis for the early identification of soybean, the breeding of HT tolerance germplasm, and the study of tolerance mechanism. In this study, 385 germplasm resources varieties were selected as the experimental materials, which creating a HT environment by artificial climate incubator and subjected to HT-stress for 3 d (40℃, 16 h light /8 h darkness) at bud stage of soybean. Compared with the control (25℃, 16 h light /8 h darkness), the hypocotyl length of soybean bud stage was significantly decreased 10.9% under HT stress (P < 0.05). The indices of fresh root weight, dry root weight, and root-shoot ratio increased by 13.10%, 22.20%, and 16.90%, respectively (P<0.01). The results showed that HT-stress significantly affected the surface and underground biomass distribution of bud stage in soybean. Meanwhile, the principal component analysis for the coefficient of HT-tolerance for each trait converted 11 indexes into two principal component factors. The comprehensive evaluation value (H-value) of soybean response to HT-stress was obtained by the standardized analysis of membership function, and cluster analysis was conducted for the tested varieties based on H-value. Ultimately, 385 germplasm resources were divided into 5 grades for the HT-tolerance at bud stage in soybean [namely: Grade I (tolerance), Grade II (strong tolerance), Grade III (medium), Grade IV (strong sensitive), and Grade V (sensitive type)] and four HT-resistant varieties based on the specific performance (H245, H070, H268, and H216) were initially selected combined with the actual heat resistance performance. After the stepwise regression analysis of each index, a predictive model for the comprehensive evaluation of HT tolerance (H-value) at bud stage of soybean was established: H = 0.191 + 0.017X1 - 0.007X2 + 0.013X7 + 0.027X8 - 0.009X10 (R2=0.9752). Five indexes main including hypocotyl length (X1), main root length (X2), hypocotyl dry weight (X7), root fresh weight (X8), and simplified vigor index (X10) were screened out as the evaluation indexes for HT tolerance at bud stage in soybean.

Key words: soybean, germination stage, high temperature treatment, genetic resources, evaluation of high temperature resistance

Table S1

Soybean variety information"

编号
No.		 统一编号
Unified No.		 编号
No.		 统一编号
Unified No.		 编号
No.		 统一编号
Unified No.		 编号
No.		 统一编号
Unified No.		 编号
No.		 统一编号
Unified No.
H001 ZDD00058 H078 ZDD20449 H155 ZDD06507 H232 ZDD24460 H309 WDD01021
H002 ZDD00106 H079 ZDD23526 H156 ZDD14504 H233 ZDD24463 H310 WDD00957
H003 ZDD00152 H080 ZDD15011 H157 ZDD14520 H234 ZDD24470 H311 WDD01275
H004 ZDD00170 H081 ZDD15407 H158 ZDD14681 H235 ZDD23841 H312 WDD02850
H005 ZDD00176 H082 ZDD06971 H159 ZDD24235 H236 ZDD24340 H313 WDD02713
H006 ZDD00244 H083 ZDD22659 H160 ZDD24166 H237 ZDD24339 H314 WDD01552
H007 ZDD00248 H084 ZDD22699 H161 ZDD24166 H238 ZDD23771 H315 WDD01887
H008 ZDD06987 H085 ZDD22909 H162 ZDD24259 H239 ZDD24511 H316 WDD00584
H009 ZDD17679 H086 ZDD02356 H163 ZDD24311 H240 ZDD24392 H317 WDD02004
H010 ZDD17687 H087 ZDD09254 H164 ZDD25231 H241 ZDD23698 H318 WDD00577
H011 ZDD00323 H088 ZDD22852 H165 ZDD12588 H242 ZDD24358 H319 WDD00579
H012 ZDD17848 H089 ZDD20617 H166 ZDD24993 H243 ZDD24341 H320 WDD01976
H013 ZDD17939 H090 ZDD11578 H167 ZDD24997 H244 ZDD24347 H321 WDD01987
H014 ZDD17889 H091 ZDD12949 H168 ZDD24998 H245 ZDD24355 H322 WDD02428
H015 ZDD00536 H092 ZDD13110 H169 ZDD15972 H246 ZDD24356 H323 WDD03015
H016 ZDD00351 H093 ZDD20830 H170 ZDD24910 H247 ZDD23662 H324 WDD00819
H017 ZDD06996 H094 ZDD20859 H171 ZDD24923 H248 ZDD23674 H325 WDD02247
H018 ZDD17843 H095 ZDD10590 H172 ZDD25150 H249 ZDD24349 H326 WDD02199
H019 ZDD00414 H096 ZDD08023 H173 ZDD25316 H250 ZDD24352 H327 WDD02025
H020 ZDD00777 H097 ZDD16651 H174 ZDD25317 H251 ZDD23671 H328 WDD02024
H021 ZDD07646 H098 ZDD14788 H175 ZDD25330 H252 ZDD23820 H329 WDD03079
H022 ZDD18116 H099 ZDD14853 H176 ZDD25331 H253 ZDD24562 H330 WDD02165
H023 ZDD00744 H100 ZDD20617 H177 ZDD25334 H254 ZDD24580 H331 WDD02306
H024 ZDD01151 H101 ZDD18916 H178 ZDD25339 H255 ZDD25275 H332 WDD03067
H025 ZDD07732 H102 ZDD03340 H179 ZDD25349 H256 ZDD24417 H333 WDD03102
H026 ZDD00749 H103 ZDD03375 H180 ZDD25010 H257 ZDD23640 H334 WDD02010
H027 ZDD06289 H104 ZDD04681 H181 ZDD25018 H258 ZDD23641 H335 WDD02180
H028 ZDD06439 H105 ZDD14969 H182 ZDD25037 H259 ZDD23642 H336 WDD00676
H029 ZDD06498 H106 ZDD15157 H183 ZDD25038 H260 ZDD24600 H337 WDD03104
H030 ZDD21379 H107 ZDD15248 H184 ZDD25039 H261 ZDD24605 H338 WDD03107
H031 ZDD21893 H108 ZDD13759 H185 ZDD25046 H262 ZDD24606 H339 WDD02584
H032 ZDD21922 H109 ZDD13774 H186 ZDD25070 H263 ZDD24609 H340 WDD02171
H033 ZDD14452 H110 ZDD13782 H187 ZDD25071 H264 ZDD23693 H341 WDD00701
H034 ZDD21867 H111 ZDD05932 H188 ZDD25074 H265 ZDD24370 H342 WDD02252
H035 ZDD08091 H112 ZDD05935 H189 ZDD25106 H266 ZDD24371 H343 WDD02253
H036 ZDD13172 H113 ZDD05936 H190 ZDD24905 H267 ZDD24372 H344 WDD03082
H037 ZDD00120 H114 ZDD12438 H191 ZDD25204 H268 ZDD24520 H345 WDD00663
H038 ZDD00359 H115 ZDD12894 H192 ZDD25295 H269 ZDD24568 H346 WDD00712
H039 ZDD00372 H116 ZDD16055 H193 ZDD25313 H270 ZDD24574 H347 WDD00667
H040 ZDD00412 H117 ZDD16095 H194 ZDD25328 H271 ZDD23682 H348 WDD01649
H041 ZDD16736 H118 ZDD16166 H195 ZDD24975 H272 ZDD24398 H349 WDD00679
H042 ZDD22283 H119 ZDD16221 H196 ZDD24981 H273 ZDD24542 H350 WDD01652
H043 ZDD09349 H120 ZDD16321 H197 ZDD25030 H274 ZDD24548 H351 WDD03093
H044 ZDD18877 H121 ZDD16354 H198 ZDD25113 H275 ZDD23795 H352 WDD03125
H045 ZDD18959 H122 ZDD16358 H199 ZDD25016 H276 ZDD24438 H353 WDD00672
H046 ZDD18965 H123 ZDD20874 H200 ZDD25068 H277 ZDD24439 H354 WDD03001
H047 ZDD23122 H124 ZDD20896 H201 ZDD24382 H278 ZDD24440 H355 WDD02363
H048 ZDD23124 H125 ZDD20903 H202 ZDD23643 H279 ZDD24481 H356 WDD02314
H049 ZDD22033 H126 ZDD20910 H203 ZDD23612 H280 ZDD24447 H357 WDD02317
H050 ZDD23053 H127 ZDD14673 H204 ZDD24113 H281 ZDD24450 H358 WDD03055
H051 ZDD23064 H128 ZDD14725 H205 ZDD23618 H282 ZDD24678 H359 WDD00756
H052 ZDD23075 H129 ZDD14740 H206 ZDD24410 H283 ZDD24161 H360 WDD00707
H053 ZDD11434 H130 ZDD22587 H207 ZDD24413 H284 ZDD24037 H361 WDD00722
H054 ZDD00765 H131 ZDD12535 H208 ZDD24414 H285 ZDD24748 H362 WDD00669
H055 ZDD18199 H132 ZDD13033 H209 ZDD24415 H286 ZDD23955 H363 WDD00668
H056 ZDD18200 H133 ZDD03731 H210 ZDD25264 H287 ZDD24076 H364 WDD03021
H057 ZDD00400 H134 ZDD22057 H211 ZDD25266 H288 ZDD23978 H365 WDD00820
H058 ZDD18044 H135 ZDD22076 H212 ZDD23754 H289 ZDD24595 H366 WDD00833
H059 ZDD22747 H136 ZDD19741 H213 ZDD23757 H290 ZDD24576 H367 WDD00834
H060 ZDD22767 H137 ZDD19742 H214 ZDD23749 H291 ZDD24550 H368 WDD00835
H061 ZDD22770 H138 ZDD19750 H215 ZDD24486 H292 ZDD24639 H369 WDD00805
H062 ZDD22773 H139 ZDD16473 H216 ZDD23785 H293 WDD01336 H370 WDD00810
H063 ZDD22785 H140 ZDD21998 H217 ZDD23786 H294 WDD01169 H371 WDD00830
H064 ZDD22797 H141 ZDD15492 H218 ZDD24495 H295 WDD01340 H372 WDD00896
H065 ZDD22836 H142 ZDD16889 H219 ZDD24499 H296 WDD01056 H373 WDD00900
H066 ZDD02767 H143 ZDD21515 H220 ZDD23783 H297 WDD01152 H374 WDD00838
H067 DD19366 H144 ZDD14566 H221 ZDD24488 H298 WDD01321 H375 WDD00806
H068 ZDD19403 H145 ZDD24117 H222 ZDD24476 H299 WDD01099 H376 WDD00924
H069 ZDD17013 H146 ZDD15672 H223 ZDD24479 H300 WDD01055 H377 WDD00925
H070 ZDD17146 H147 ZDD15757 H224 ZDD23705 H301 WDD01038 H378 WDD00870
H071 ZDD04110 H148 ZDD15812 H225 ZDD23709 H302 WDD01067 H379 WDD00845
H072 ZDD11531 H149 ZDD15828 H226 ZDD23712 H303 WDD01406 H380 WDD02939
H073 ZDD12837 H150 ZDD15829 H227 ZDD23718 H304 WDD01073 H381 WDD00677
H074 ZDD14596 H151 ZDD15837 H228 ZDD23723 H305 WDD00987 H382 WDD00811
H075 ZDD11583 H152 ZDD15848 H229 ZDD23724 H306 WDD01240 H383 WDD00854
H076 ZDD11690 H153 ZDD15980 H230 ZDD23727 H307 WDD01278 H384 WDD00923
H077 ZDD11943 H154 ZDD16473 H231 ZDD24457 H308 WDD01005 H385 WDD00929

Fig. 1

Average temperature/moisture of control at different treatments"

Table 1

Effect of high temperature (HT) treatments on physiological indexes at bud stage in 385 soybeans"

性状
Tait		 对照
Control (mean ± SD)		 高温处理后
After HT stress (mean ± SD)		 变幅
Range (%)		 F值
F-value
下胚轴长Hypocotyl length (cm) 4.626±1.980 4.118±1.661 -10.90 14.816*
主根长Main root length (cm) 5.868±2.397 6.140±2.265 4.60 2.618
总鲜重Total fresh weight (g) 0.754±0.255 0.746±0.270 -1.06 0.199
总干重Total dry weight (g) 0.163±0.046 0.160±0.050 -1.80 0.611
相对水分含量Relative moisture content (%) 0.768±0.083 0.766±0.093 -0.26 0.065
下胚轴鲜重Hypocotyl fresh weight (g) 0.135±0.060 0.129±0.050 -4.40 0.212
下胚轴干重Hypocotyl dry weight (g) 0.011±0.013 0.012±0.010 9.10 0.284
根鲜重Root fresh weight (g) 0.107±0.076 0.121±0.084 13.10 5.700**
根干重Root dry weight (g) 0.009±0.008 0.011±0.009 22.20 6.867**
简化活力指数Simplified vitality index (g) 0.248±0.228 0.283±0.276 14.10 3.625
根冠比R/S (%) 0.159±0.087 0.186±0.104 16.90 14.865**

Table 2

Variation analysis of each single coefficient of high temperature treatment at bud stage in 385 soybeans"

性状
Trait		 极小值
Min.		 极大值
Max.		 单项系数
Single coefficient (mean ± SD)		 变异系数
CV (%)
下胚轴长Hypocotyl length (cm) 0.090 7.125 1.057±0.373 35
主根长Main root length (cm) 0.058 2.250 1.441±0.561 39
总鲜重Total fresh weight (g) 0.263 3.246 1.060±0.434 41
总干重Total dry weight (g) 0.176 2.170 1.049±0.860 82
相对水分含量Relative moisture content (%) 0.167 2.554 1.009±0.161 16
下胚轴鲜重Hypocotyl fresh weight (g) 0.058 6.333 1.132±0.260 23
下胚轴干重Hypocotyl dry weight (g) 0.036 9.310 1.324±0.317 24
根鲜重Root fresh weight (g) 0.026 6.535 1.676±1.491 89
根干重Root dry weight (g) 0.041 9.000 1.738±0.712 41
简化活力指数Simplified vitality index (g) 0.013 9.667 2.132±1.236 58
根冠比R/S (%) 0.043 8.009 1.494±1.135 76

Fig. 2

Correlation analysis of high temperature tolerance coefficient of 385 soybeans at bud stage during high temperature treatment X1: hypocotyl length; X2: main root length; X3: total fresh weight; X4: total dry weight; X5: relative moisture content; X6: hypocotyl fresh weight; X7: hypocotyl dry weight; X8: root fresh weight; X9: root dry weight; X10: simplified vitality index; X11: R/S. * means significant correlation at the 0.05 probability level."

Table 3

Principal component analysis and contribution rate"

指标
Item		 成分矩阵 Component matrix
1 2 3
下胚轴长Hypocotyl length (cm) 0.682 -0.053 0.385
主根长Main root length (cm) 0.530 -0.058 0.108
鲜重Raw weight (g) 0.804 0.027 -0.061
干重Dry weight (g) -0.026 0.884 -0.130
相对水分含量 Relative moisture content (%) 0.642 -0.354 -0.010
下胚轴鲜重Fresh weight of hypocotyl (g) 0.505 -0.052 0.506
下胚轴干重Hypocotyl dry weight (g) 0.377 0.318 0.501
根鲜重Root fresh weight (g) 0.929 0.021 -0.283
根干重Root dry weight (g) 0.611 0.261 0.122
简化活力指数Simplified vitality index (g) 0.720 0.048 -0.459
根冠比 R/S (%) 0.835 -0.014 -0.231
特征值 Eigenvectors 4.654 1.089 1.047
贡献率 Contribution ratio (%) 42.31 9.90 9.51
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution ratio (%) 42.31 52.21 61.72

Table 4

Comprehensive evaluation (H) value of high temperature response of tested varieties"

编号
No.		 H值
H-value		 编号
No.		 H值
H-value		 编号
No.		 H值
H-value		 编号
No.		 H值
H-value		 编号
No.		 H值
H-value
H001 0.21 H078 0.37 H155 0.23 H232 0.19 H309 0.63
H002 0.24 H079 0.23 H156 0.16 H233 0.26 H310 0.15
H003 0.25 H080 0.38 H157 0.24 H234 0.37 H311 0.19
H004 0.20 H081 0.13 H158 0.21 H235 0.26 H312 0.21
H005 0.22 H082 0.21 H159 0.23 H236 0.37 H313 0.27
H006 0.17 H083 0.24 H160 0.10 H237 0.20 H314 0.23
H007 0.22 H084 0.21 H161 0.24 H238 0.39 H315 0.17
H008 0.36 H085 0.15 H162 0.23 H239 0.22 H316 0.21
H009 0.28 H086 0.24 H163 0.45 H240 0.19 H317 0.27
H010 0.12 H087 0.20 H164 0.15 H241 0.30 H318 0.30
H011 0.21 H088 0.20 H165 0.19 H242 0.18 H319 0.30
H012 0.21 H089 0.13 H166 0.15 H243 0.40 H320 0.24
H013 0.20 H090 0.17 H167 0.16 H244 0.20 H321 0.33
H014 0.29 H091 0.17 H168 0.22 H245 0.72 H322 0.31
H015 0.17 H092 0.39 H169 0.14 H246 0.21 H323 0.18
H016 0.24 H093 0.15 H170 0.28 H247 0.19 H324 0.26
H017 0.18 H094 0.19 H171 0.21 H248 0.23 H325 0.17
H018 0.23 H095 0.20 H172 0.30 H249 0.21 H326 0.25
H019 0.24 H096 0.21 H173 0.21 H250 0.42 H327 0.27
H020 0.20 H097 0.24 H174 0.21 H251 0.21 H328 0.26
H021 0.44 H098 0.20 H175 0.37 H252 0.18 H329 0.18
H022 0.26 H099 0.18 H176 0.34 H253 0.32 H330 0.34
H023 0.24 H100 0.26 H177 0.20 H254 0.16 H331 0.35
H024 0.25 H101 0.23 H178 0.24 H255 0.18 H332 0.19
H025 0.31 H102 0.14 H179 0.27 H256 0.24 H333 0.29
H026 0.24 H103 0.17 H180 0.18 H257 0.24 H334 0.25
H027 0.36 H104 0.33 H181 0.28 H258 0.31 H335 0.15
H028 0.26 H105 0.22 H182 0.19 H259 0.24 H336 0.25
H029 0.20 H106 0.20 H183 0.17 H260 0.22 H337 0.31
H030 0.28 H107 0.26 H184 0.22 H261 0.27 H338 0.11
H031 0.23 H108 0.26 H185 0.23 H262 0.46 H339 0.17
H032 0.18 H109 0.22 H186 0.21 H263 0.37 H340 0.14
H033 0.26 H110 0.31 H187 0.21 H264 0.20 H341 0.28
H034 0.27 H111 0.29 H188 0.18 H265 0.24 H342 0.14
H035 0.27 H112 0.21 H189 0.17 H266 0.34 H343 0.19
H036 0.58 H113 0.37 H190 0.19 H267 0.22 H344 0.31
H037 0.32 H114 0.18 H191 0.19 H268 0.71 H345 0.26
H038 0.31 H115 0.60 H192 0.20 H269 0.44 H346 0.35
H039 0.48 H116 0.38 H193 0.22 H270 0.14 H347 0.18
H040 0.27 H117 0.19 H194 0.18 H271 0.20 H348 0.18
H041 0.25 H118 0.13 H195 0.26 H272 0.66 H349 0.23
H042 0.20 H119 0.27 H196 0.39 H273 0.29 H350 0.24
H043 0.44 H120 0.28 H197 0.31 H274 0.19 H351 0.19
H044 0.14 H121 0.16 H198 0.27 H275 0.31 H352 0.29
H045 0.27 H122 0.25 H199 0.13 H276 0.19 H353 0.23
H046 0.21 H123 0.31 H200 0.29 H277 0.28 H354 0.25
H047 0.25 H124 0.28 H201 0.47 H278 0.23 H355 0.21
H048 0.27 H125 0.31 H202 0.36 H279 0.37 H356 0.22
H049 0.31 H126 0.17 H203 0.15 H280 0.18 H357 0.22
H050 0.21 H127 0.36 H204 0.17 H281 0.28 H358 0.20
H051 0.23 H128 0.29 H205 0.22 H282 0.23 H359 0.21
H052 0.26 H129 0.19 H206 0.19 H283 0.18 H360 0.18
H053 0.25 H130 0.22 H207 0.19 H284 0.26 H361 0.18
H054 0.32 H131 0.18 H208 0.20 H285 0.25 H362 0.25
H055 0.38 H132 0.26 H209 0.32 H286 0.19 H363 0.48
H056 0.35 H133 0.33 H210 0.18 H287 0.20 H364 0.26
H057 0.26 H134 0.22 H211 0.25 H288 0.29 H365 0.23
H058 0.21 H135 0.16 H212 0.24 H289 0.15 H366 0.16
H059 0.26 H136 0.24 H213 0.34 H290 0.31 H367 0.25
H060 0.23 H137 0.23 H214 0.26 H291 0.23 H368 0.19
H061 0.44 H138 0.13 H215 0.28 H292 0.25 H369 0.16
H062 0.28 H139 0.23 H216 0.69 H293 0.26 H370 0.19
H063 0.27 H140 0.20 H217 0.26 H294 0.28 H371 0.15
H064 0.52 H141 0.27 H218 0.32 H295 0.15 H372 0.20
H065 0.26 H142 0.30 H219 0.27 H296 0.22 H373 0.16
H066 0.32 H143 0.23 H220 0.26 H297 0.19 H374 0.23
H067 0.28 H144 0.25 H221 0.44 H298 0.26 H375 0.26
H068 0.21 H145 0.24 H222 0.18 H299 0.18 H376 0.23
H069 0.26 H146 0.32 H223 0.29 H300 0.25 H377 0.32
H070 0.72 H147 0.20 H224 0.17 H301 0.23 H378 0.20
H071 0.25 H148 0.33 H225 0.20 H302 0.19 H379 0.31
H072 0.23 H149 0.18 H226 0.21 H303 0.14 H380 0.19
H073 0.32 H150 0.16 H227 0.24 H304 0.23 H381 0.20
H074 0.21 H151 0.22 H228 0.18 H305 0.13 H382 0.20
H075 0.28 H152 0.13 H229 0.23 H306 0.24 H383 0.23
H076 0.28 H153 0.38 H230 0.23 H307 0.23 H384 0.17
H077 0.16 H154 0.21 H231 0.26 H308 0.28 H385 0.19

Fig. 3

Cluster analysis of H-values in 385 soybean samples"

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