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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (10): 2845-2853.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.33005

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

叶喷有机硒对黑糯玉米硒吸收及籽粒花青素和铁锰铜锌的影响

黄婷苗(), 詹昕, 陆乃昆, 乔月静, 陈杰, 杨珍平(), 高志强   

  1. 山西农业大学农学院 / 黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心, 山西太谷 030801
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-16 接受日期:2023-04-18 出版日期:2023-10-12 网络出版日期:2023-04-24
  • 通讯作者: 杨珍平, E-mail: yangzp.2@163.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: huangtingmiao@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心自主研发项目(SBGJXTZX-42);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900700);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2021L167);山西省博士毕业生来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXBYKY2021030);山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2020BQ72)

Impact of foliar organic selenium application on selenium uptake and grain anthocyanins, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc concentrations of black waxy corn

HUANG Ting-Miao(), ZHAN Xin, LU Nai-Kun, QIAO Yue-Jing, CHEN Jie, YANG Zhen-Ping(), GAO Zhi-Qiang   

  1. College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University / Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2023-01-16 Accepted:2023-04-18 Published:2023-10-12 Published online:2023-04-24
  • Contact: E-mail: yangzp.2@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau(SBGJXTZX-42);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1900700);Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(2021L167);Incentive Funding Research Program for Doctor Graduates Working in Shanxi Province, China(SXBYKY2021030);Science and Technology Innovation Fund Program by Shanxi Agricultural University(2020BQ72)

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摘要：

探索黑糯玉米硒吸收利用和籽粒营养品质对叶面喷施有机硒肥的响应, 对生产中合理施用硒肥, 进而支撑山西“特” “优”农业高质量发展具有重要意义。本研究以品种晋鲜糯8号为试验材料, 于2020—2021年连续2年在山西晋中黑糯玉米典型种植区开展田间试验, 设置一次喷施不同用量有机硒0、6和12 g Se hm-2, 以及喷施量12 g Se hm-2条件下分2次喷施, 共4个处理, 研究叶喷有机硒对黑糯玉米产量、硒吸收利用、籽粒花青素和铁锰铜锌含量的影响。结果表明, 喷硒量和喷硒次数对黑糯玉米鲜食期籽粒产量和成熟期地上部各器官干物质量无影响。相比不喷硒, 喷硒可提高鲜食期籽粒和成熟期地上部各器官硒含量、硒积累。喷硒12 g Se hm-2时, 籽粒硒含量达到满足人体硒营养需求的最低目标值100 μg kg-1, 增幅最大, 介于110~181 μg kg-1。成熟期, 植株各器官硒积累从高到低依次为叶片、籽粒、茎秆、苞叶、穗轴。喷硒12 g Se hm-2, 分2次喷施的平均籽粒硒强化指数和籽粒硒回收率分别为6.95 (μg kg-1) (g hm-2) -1和2.4%, 优于1次喷施。同时, 鲜食期籽粒花青素和铁锰锌含量也最高, 2年平均值分别为209、27.9、15.9和22.8 mg kg-1, 但各处理间籽粒铜含量无差异。因此, 兼顾硒吸收利用和籽粒营养品质同步提升, 该区黑糯玉米生产中叶喷有机硒肥用量至少应不低于12 g Se hm-2, 且分2次喷施效果较优。

关键词: 有机硒肥, 黑糯玉米, 叶喷, 硒含量, 花青素, 微量元素

Abstract:

It is of great significance to explore the responses of selenium (Se) uptake and grain nutritional quality to foliar application of organic Se fertilizer in black waxy corn, so as to provide a scientific basis for the rational application of Se fertilizer, and then guarantee the high-quality development of ‘Special' and ‘Excellent' agriculture in Shanxi, China. A two-year field experiment was conducted at Jinzhong in Shanxi Province, located in the typical growing region of black waxy corn from 2020 to 2021. The cultivar of Jinxiannuo 8 was used as the test crop. There were four treatments of three Se spraying rates of 0, 6, and 12 g hm-2 at early filling stage, and spraying Se in twice under Se rate of 12 g hm-2. The objective of this study is to clarify the impact of spraying rates and times of organic Se fertilizer on grain yield, Se uptake, and utilization in aerial plant part, grain anthocyanins and iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) concentrations. These results showed that grain yield at fresh stage and biomass in aerial part at maturity stage were influenced by neither Se spraying rates nor spraying times. Compared with the control, foliar Se application remarkably increased both Se concentration and accumulation in grain and each organ of aerial plant part at fresh and maturity stages, respectively. Grain Se concentration at 12 g Se hm-2 was observed to be the highest with a range of 110-181 μg kg-1, which reaching the minimum recommended value of 100 μg kg-1 for better human health. At maturity stage, Se accumulation in different organ of aerial part showed the following ranking: leaf > grain > stem > bract > cob. At the rate of 12 g Se hm-2, the average grain Se biofortification index and Se recovery were 6.95 (μg kg-1) (g hm-2) -1 and 2.4% under the condition of spraying twice, respectively, which were higher than spraying one time. Also, the highest grain anthocyanin and Fe, Mn, Zn concentrations were found when spraying Se twice at 12 g hm-2, they were 209, 27.9, 15.9, and 22.8 mg kg-1, respectively, whereas there was no difference for grain Cu concentration among the treatments at fresh stage. Therefore, the organic Se rate should be at least 12 g hm-2 with spraying twice, for better promoting Se uptake and utilization and grain nutritional quality synchronously during black waxy corn production in Jinzhong of Shanxi province.

Key words: organic selenium fertilizer, black waxy corn, foliar application, Se concentration, anthocyanins, micro-element

图1

2020-2021年试验点的月降水量和平均气温"

图2

不同喷硒处理的鲜食期黑糯玉米产籽粒产量(A)和成熟期各器官干物质量(B) CK、Se1、Se2和Se2-2分别代表灌浆初期喷硒量为0、6、12 g Se hm-2和喷硒12 g Se hm-2条件下分2次喷施。同一年份的不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

表1

不同喷硒处理黑糯玉米的鲜食期籽粒硒含量和成熟期地上部各器官硒含量"

年份
Year
(Y)		 处理
Treatment
(T)		 鲜食期
Fresh stage		 成熟期
Maturity
籽粒 Grain
(μg kg-1)		 籽粒 Grain
(μg kg-1)		 苞叶 Bract
(μg kg-1)		 穗轴 Cob
(μg kg-1)		 茎秆 Stem
(μg kg-1)		 叶片 Leaf
(μg kg-1)
2020 CK 67 c 73 c 88 b 56 b 118 b 172 c
Se1 89 b 99 b 93 ab 65 ab 126 ab 306 b
Se2 110 a 99 b 96 a 66 ab 135 ab 324 b
Se2-2 114 a 119 a 99 a 73 a 147 a 377 a
2021 CK 61 d 52 c 81 b 53 b 128 a 221 c
Se1 82 c 95 b 102 a 66 ab 145 a 319 ab
Se2 138 b 103 b 105 a 64 ab 149 a 370 ab
Se2-2 181 a 156 a 117 a 75 a 151 a 399 a
年份Y * NS NS ** NS NS
处理T ** ** ** ** * **
Y×T ** ** NS NS NS NS

图3

不同喷硒处理的黑糯玉米鲜食期籽粒硒积累(A)和成熟期地上部硒积累(B) 同一年份的不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。处理同图2。"

表2

不同喷硒处理黑糯玉米的籽粒硒强化指数、籽粒硒回收率、硒肥利用率和硒肥累计利用率"

年份
Year
(Y)		 处理
Treatment
(T)		 籽粒硒强化指数
Grain Se biofortification index
[(μg kg-1) (g hm-2)-1]		 籽粒硒回收率
Grain Se recovery
(%)		 硒肥利用率
Se use efficiency
(%)		 硒肥累计利用率
Accumulative Se use efficiency
(%)
2020 Se1 3.75 a 1.86 a 9.02 a
Se2 3.55 a 0.96 b 5.39 b
Se2-2 3.95 a 1.72 a 7.81 ab
2021 Se1 3.47 c 2.73 a 5.45 a 7.44 a
Se2 6.39 b 1.53 a 3.42 a 4.66 a
Se2-2 9.96 a 3.15 a 5.65 a 6.70 a
年份Y * NS *
处理T ** NS **
Y×T ** NS NS

表3

不同喷硒处理黑糯玉米鲜食期的籽粒花青素和铁锰铜锌含量"

年份
Year
(Y)		 处理
Treatment
(T)		 花青素
Anthocyanin
(mg kg-1)		 铁
Fe
(mg kg-1)		 锰
Mn
(mg kg-1)		 铜
Cu
(mg kg-1)		 锌
Zn
(mg kg-1)
2020 CK 117.6 a 15.76 b 9.50 c 1.52 a 15.06 c
Se1 135.3 a 15.85 b 10.24 bc 1.63 a 16.61 b
Se2 141.8 a 18.34 a 11.72 b 1.67 a 17.12 ab
Se2-2 144.6 a 19.48 a 13.80 a 1.70 a 18.10 a
2021 CK 152.8 b 22.34 b 14.65 b 3.31 a 19.88 c
Se1 174.6 b 26.77 ab 14.87 b 3.33 a 23.20 bc
Se2 196.7 b 35.56 a 16.94 ab 3.48 a 24.52 ab
Se2-2 273.0 a 36.25 a 18.14 a 4.15 a 27.41 a
年份Y NS ** ** ** **
处理T NS * ** * **
Y×T NS NS NS NS NS
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