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高油酸和普通花生萌发期抗旱筛选评价体系的建立

马群1,**，王志昊1,**，闫磊1，李瑜娇1，王佳琪1，李钊1，刘巍1，艾鑫1，马迁驰1，王晓光1，钟超1，任婧瑶1，刘喜波1，赵姝丽1，张鹤1，赵新华1，蒋春姬1，王婧1,*，于海秋1,2,*   

  1. 1 沈阳农业大学农学院，辽宁沈阳 110161；2 辽宁农业职业技术学院，辽宁营口 115009
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-27 修回日期:2025-07-09 接受日期:2025-07-09 出版日期:2025-07-16 网络出版日期:2025-07-16
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由辽宁省科技计划联合计划项目(2024-MSLH-417), 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13)和辽宁省教育厅面上项目(JYTMS20231293)资助。

Screening and evaluation system for drought resistance in high-oleic acid and common peanut at the germination stage

MA Qun1,**,WANG Zhi-Hao1,**,YAN Lei1,LI Yu-Jiao1,WANG Jia-Qi1,LI Zhao1,LIU Wei1,AI Xin1,MA Qian-Chi1,WANG Xiao-Guang1,ZHONG Chao1,REN Jing-Yao1,LIU Xi-Bo1,ZHAO Shu-Li1,ZHANG He1, ZHAO Xin-Hua1,JIANG Chun-Ji1,WANG Jing1,*,YU Hai-Qiu1,2,*   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China; 2 Liaoning Agricultural Vocational and Technical College, Yingkou 115009, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2025-01-27 Revised:2025-07-09 Accepted:2025-07-09 Published:2025-07-16 Published online:2025-07-16
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Liaoning Province Science and Technology Plan Joint Plan (2024-MSLH-417), the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-13), and the Department of Education Project by Liaoning Province (JYTMS20231293).

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摘要：

干旱是限制东北地区花生生产的主要非生物胁迫之一，培育抗旱品种是最有效的解决途径。为探究干旱胁迫对高油酸和普通花生萌发的影响及不同花生品种萌发期的抗旱性，本研究以15.0%、17.5%和20.0% 3种不同浓度的PEG-6000对发芽的种子进行处理(对照不添加PEG)，筛选不同花生品种最适宜的抗旱处理浓度，并测定花生萌发期多项抗旱性相关指标的变化，通过主成分分析、回归分析及聚类分析等方法，对萌发期指标进行抗旱性综合评价。结果表明：(1) 不同PEG-6000处理下，15.0%处理下各品种种子在萌发阶段的性状并未受到显著抑制，20.0%处理下大多数品种的各个性状抗旱系数均受到显著抑制，因此17.5%可以作为不同花生品种种子萌发期抗旱性筛选鉴定的适宜浓度。(2) 主成分分析将花生萌发期干旱胁迫下的8个单项指标转化为3个相互独立的综合指标。利用隶属函数法和综合评价D值对38份花生品种抗旱性强弱进行排序。(3) 系统聚类法将19份普通和高油酸花生品种划分为抗旱性极强、抗旱性强、抗旱性中等、抗旱性弱4个类群，各类群材料分别为4份、11份、12份、11份，分别占总数的10.5%、28.9%、31.6%、28.9%。(4) 通过逐步回归分析建立最优回归方程，其中发芽率、活力指数、根鲜重、根干重4个指标可以作为花生萌发期抗旱鉴定的最优指标。

关键词: 高油酸花生, 干旱胁迫, 萌发, 综合评价, 种质资源筛选

Abstract:

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting peanut production in Northeast China, and cultivating drought-resistant varieties remains the most effective strategy to mitigate its impact. This study aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress on the germination of high-oleic and common peanut varieties, and to evaluate their drought resistance at the germination stage. Polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) solutions at concentrations of 15.0%, 17.5%, and 20.0% were used to simulate water deficit conditions, while a treatment without PEG served as the control. The most suitable concentration for drought resistance screening was identified, and several drought-related indices were measured during germination. Principal component analysis (PCA), regression analysis, and cluster analysis were employed for a comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance at the germination stage. The results showed that: (1) Under different PEG-6000 treatments, germination traits were not significantly affected at 15.0%, while most traits were significantly inhibited at 20.0%. Therefore, 17.5% PEG-6000 was determined to be the optimal concentration for screening drought resistance in peanut varieties during germination. (2) PCA reduced eight individual drought resistance indicators into three independent composite indices. The drought resistance of 38 peanut varieties was ranked using the membership function method and a comprehensive evaluation D-value. (3) Cluster analysis grouped 19 common and 19 high-oleic acid peanut varieties into four categories based on drought resistance: extremely strong (4 varieties), strong (11 varieties), moderate (12 varieties), and weak (11 varieties), accounting for 10.5%, 28.9%, 31.6%, and 28.9% of the total, respectively. (4) Stepwise regression analysis identified an optimal regression model. Four indicators—germination rate, vigor index, fresh root weight, and dry root weight—were found to be effective for evaluating drought resistance in high-oleic peanut varieties at the germination stage.

Key words: high oleic acid peanut, drought stress, germination, comprehensive evaluation, germplasm screening

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